Amino acids - Zanichelli
... Monosaccharide and disaccharides Sucrose is an important disaccharide in plant’s nutrients circulation. It is composed by two monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) joined through dehydration. ...
... Monosaccharide and disaccharides Sucrose is an important disaccharide in plant’s nutrients circulation. It is composed by two monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) joined through dehydration. ...
Role of Mitochondria in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
... reduces VLDL secretion and aggravates hepatic triglyceride content [2]. The plasma membrane associated FA-binding protein (FABPpm) is identical to the mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase, an enzyme that functions in maintaining the cytoplasmic/mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD ...
... reduces VLDL secretion and aggravates hepatic triglyceride content [2]. The plasma membrane associated FA-binding protein (FABPpm) is identical to the mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase, an enzyme that functions in maintaining the cytoplasmic/mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD ...
AMP-activated protein kinase and metabolic control - HAL
... guidelines recommend practical, regular and moderate regimens of physical activity. The multiple metabolic adaptations that occur in response to physical activity can improve glycaemic control for individuals with T2D or delay the onset of the disease. Indeed, it is now recognized that beneficial ef ...
... guidelines recommend practical, regular and moderate regimens of physical activity. The multiple metabolic adaptations that occur in response to physical activity can improve glycaemic control for individuals with T2D or delay the onset of the disease. Indeed, it is now recognized that beneficial ef ...
Stereochemistry and Mechanism of Reactions Catalyzed by
... As in the case of other pyridoxal phosphate-containing enzymes which carry out p replacement and/or a$ elimination reactions of amino acids, the reaction sequence leads via a series of aldimine and ketimine complexes between the substrate amino acid and the cofactor to an enzyme-bound Schiff s base ...
... As in the case of other pyridoxal phosphate-containing enzymes which carry out p replacement and/or a$ elimination reactions of amino acids, the reaction sequence leads via a series of aldimine and ketimine complexes between the substrate amino acid and the cofactor to an enzyme-bound Schiff s base ...
Minimal metabolic pathway structure is consistent with
... constraints of the network. The MinSpan pathways have a couple notable properties. First, unlike convex analysis approaches (Llaneras & Pico, 2010), MinSpan pathways can be computed for genome-scale metabolic networks. Second, the sparsest basis (Fig 1B) maximally segregates the network into cluster ...
... constraints of the network. The MinSpan pathways have a couple notable properties. First, unlike convex analysis approaches (Llaneras & Pico, 2010), MinSpan pathways can be computed for genome-scale metabolic networks. Second, the sparsest basis (Fig 1B) maximally segregates the network into cluster ...
Disposition of Glutathione Conjugates in Rats by a Novel Glutamic
... report describes the unequivocal identification of novel peptide conjugates resulting from conjugation of GSH adducts and its breakdown products with glutamic acid using LC/MS/ MS, LC/NMR, and NMR approaches. The ␥-carboxylic acid coupling of glutamic acid to other amino acids of GSH-derived adducts ...
... report describes the unequivocal identification of novel peptide conjugates resulting from conjugation of GSH adducts and its breakdown products with glutamic acid using LC/MS/ MS, LC/NMR, and NMR approaches. The ␥-carboxylic acid coupling of glutamic acid to other amino acids of GSH-derived adducts ...
Fructose, Glucocorticoids and Adipose Tissue: Implications for the
... fructose equivalent to predict the metabolic responses in detail [63]. Varma and colleagues found that (Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) adipose cells) exposed with an escalating range of fructose equivalent to predict the metabolic responses in detail [63]. Varma and colleagues found that incr ...
... fructose equivalent to predict the metabolic responses in detail [63]. Varma and colleagues found that (Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) adipose cells) exposed with an escalating range of fructose equivalent to predict the metabolic responses in detail [63]. Varma and colleagues found that incr ...
ENZYMES
... is thermodynamically favorable, it is very slow! Yet when sucrose is consumed by a human (or almost any other organism), it releases its chemical energy in seconds. The difference is catalysis. Without catalysis, chemical reactions such as sucrose oxidation could not occur on a useful time scale, an ...
... is thermodynamically favorable, it is very slow! Yet when sucrose is consumed by a human (or almost any other organism), it releases its chemical energy in seconds. The difference is catalysis. Without catalysis, chemical reactions such as sucrose oxidation could not occur on a useful time scale, an ...
MUC1 in the kidney - University of Pittsburgh
... MUC1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein with an extracellular mucin-like domain that yields protection from pathogens ...
... MUC1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein with an extracellular mucin-like domain that yields protection from pathogens ...
Organization and Integration of Large
... mathematical models that describe the cellular processes by connecting the involved components and that allow to unravel underlying mechanisms. For Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a wealth of genome-wide datasets on genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and the metabolism has been produced in a collaborativ ...
... mathematical models that describe the cellular processes by connecting the involved components and that allow to unravel underlying mechanisms. For Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a wealth of genome-wide datasets on genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and the metabolism has been produced in a collaborativ ...
Organization and Integration of Large-scale Datasets for
... mathematical models that describe the cellular processes by connecting the involved components and that allow to unravel underlying mechanisms. For Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a wealth of genome-wide datasets on genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and the metabolism has been produced in a collaborativ ...
... mathematical models that describe the cellular processes by connecting the involved components and that allow to unravel underlying mechanisms. For Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a wealth of genome-wide datasets on genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and the metabolism has been produced in a collaborativ ...
Anaerobic Respiration Using a Complete Oxidative TCA Cycle
... during consolidation, macromolecule synthesis and oxygen uptake are restored to levels equivalent to preswarming levels (18). Furthermore, a study of Proteus vulgaris swarming showed that membrane vesicles from swarm cells have reduced rates of NADH, malate, and succinate respiration (19). Interesti ...
... during consolidation, macromolecule synthesis and oxygen uptake are restored to levels equivalent to preswarming levels (18). Furthermore, a study of Proteus vulgaris swarming showed that membrane vesicles from swarm cells have reduced rates of NADH, malate, and succinate respiration (19). Interesti ...
Full-Text PDF
... of G3P is glucose via glycolysis, since the activity of glycerokinase (GK), the enzyme that transforms glycerol into G3P, is low. This process is stimulated by insulin that promotes the uptake of glucose into the cell but also the transformation of dihydroxyacetone-3P (DHAP) into G3P by glycerophosp ...
... of G3P is glucose via glycolysis, since the activity of glycerokinase (GK), the enzyme that transforms glycerol into G3P, is low. This process is stimulated by insulin that promotes the uptake of glucose into the cell but also the transformation of dihydroxyacetone-3P (DHAP) into G3P by glycerophosp ...
Roles of the Methylcitrate and Methylmalonyl
... 1.4.2 Accumulation of propionate-derived metabolites ...................................... 100 1.4.3 Mechanism of inhibition ................................................................................ 101 - Inhibition of pantothenic acid synthesis .............................................. ...
... 1.4.2 Accumulation of propionate-derived metabolites ...................................... 100 1.4.3 Mechanism of inhibition ................................................................................ 101 - Inhibition of pantothenic acid synthesis .............................................. ...
Enzymologychapter13 - Panama College of Cell Science
... are proceeding very rapidly at any given instant within all living cells. Virtually all of these transformations are mediated by enzymes—proteins (and occasionally RNA) specialized to catalyze metabolic reactions. The substances transformed in these reactions are often organic compounds that show li ...
... are proceeding very rapidly at any given instant within all living cells. Virtually all of these transformations are mediated by enzymes—proteins (and occasionally RNA) specialized to catalyze metabolic reactions. The substances transformed in these reactions are often organic compounds that show li ...
Levy APS - Indiana University Bloomington
... alanine substitution (2). Residues 25 and 26 were also significantly reduced in bioactivity with alanine substitution but to a more modest degree. Most notably, the amino acids that border these four residues were relatively insensitive to substitution and support the report that this region of gluc ...
... alanine substitution (2). Residues 25 and 26 were also significantly reduced in bioactivity with alanine substitution but to a more modest degree. Most notably, the amino acids that border these four residues were relatively insensitive to substitution and support the report that this region of gluc ...
Thermogenic Mechanisms and Their Hormonal Regulation
... Na⫹-K⫹-ATPase activity between poikilothermic and homeothermic species, as well as from comparative observations regarding muscle calcium cycling, that nature has increased these ionic exchanges, to a significant extent in a futile manner, for the sake of producing heat in homeothermic species. In g ...
... Na⫹-K⫹-ATPase activity between poikilothermic and homeothermic species, as well as from comparative observations regarding muscle calcium cycling, that nature has increased these ionic exchanges, to a significant extent in a futile manner, for the sake of producing heat in homeothermic species. In g ...
Comparative Estimation of Total Protein Content and Enzymatic
... D. LDH activity in hydatid cyst isolated from sheep and goats liver and lung: Table (4). LDH is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of lactate to pyruvate, it is present in large amounts in heart, kidney, liver, and other body organs [16]. The higher activity in sheep protoscolices as compared w ...
... D. LDH activity in hydatid cyst isolated from sheep and goats liver and lung: Table (4). LDH is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of lactate to pyruvate, it is present in large amounts in heart, kidney, liver, and other body organs [16]. The higher activity in sheep protoscolices as compared w ...
XTalkDB: a database of signaling pathway crosstalk
... 17 species, with 237 and 96 pathway pairs cataloged in human and mouse, respectively (Figure 2B). The experiments recorded in XTALKDB were performed in a wide range of tissues. As many as 24 tissues supported at least 10 crosstalking pairs each, with vascular endothelial cells, uterus, liver and mus ...
... 17 species, with 237 and 96 pathway pairs cataloged in human and mouse, respectively (Figure 2B). The experiments recorded in XTALKDB were performed in a wide range of tissues. As many as 24 tissues supported at least 10 crosstalking pairs each, with vascular endothelial cells, uterus, liver and mus ...
The Metabolism of Acetate by the Blue-green Algae
... Growth. The algae were grown on a mineral salt medium (Medium C, Kratz & Myers, 1955a) to which NaHCO, (0.05 yo)had been added. Sodium acetate (20 mM) was added where indicated in the text. Cultures for experimental purposes were grown in Carrel flasks (penicillin pots) at 34' in 500 ml. medium illu ...
... Growth. The algae were grown on a mineral salt medium (Medium C, Kratz & Myers, 1955a) to which NaHCO, (0.05 yo)had been added. Sodium acetate (20 mM) was added where indicated in the text. Cultures for experimental purposes were grown in Carrel flasks (penicillin pots) at 34' in 500 ml. medium illu ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑