Darwin Chap.
... facts into a cohesive view of life. In biology, evolution refers to the processes that have transformed life on Earth from its earliest forms to the vast diversity that characterizes it today. Darwin addressed the sweeping issues of biology: the great diversity of organisms, their origins and relati ...
... facts into a cohesive view of life. In biology, evolution refers to the processes that have transformed life on Earth from its earliest forms to the vast diversity that characterizes it today. Darwin addressed the sweeping issues of biology: the great diversity of organisms, their origins and relati ...
Classification of Hypotheses on the Advantage of Amphimixis
... The proposed classification is based on population genetic reasoning, because I believe that genetic processes in populations are the key factor in the evolution of reproduction. Other approaches would lead to very different classifications. In an ecological classification, for example, hypotheses t ...
... The proposed classification is based on population genetic reasoning, because I believe that genetic processes in populations are the key factor in the evolution of reproduction. Other approaches would lead to very different classifications. In an ecological classification, for example, hypotheses t ...
Article Recurrent Loss of Sex Is Associated with
... heterozygosity as a proportion of segregating sites in the asexual species (supplementary fig. S1, Supplementary Material online, R2 = 0.85 and 0.80 for divergence and heterozygosity, respectively). As both measures provide rough estimates of the age of the transition to asexual reproduction, these ...
... heterozygosity as a proportion of segregating sites in the asexual species (supplementary fig. S1, Supplementary Material online, R2 = 0.85 and 0.80 for divergence and heterozygosity, respectively). As both measures provide rough estimates of the age of the transition to asexual reproduction, these ...
Document
... • Natural selection is a process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than are individuals with other characteristics. • As a result of natural selection, a population, a group of individuals of the same species living in the same place a ...
... • Natural selection is a process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than are individuals with other characteristics. • As a result of natural selection, a population, a group of individuals of the same species living in the same place a ...
this one - Talmudology
... female genitalia (Jannini and Whipple, 2010), caused above all by lack of knowledge of the anatomy and innervation of this area (Foldes and Buisson, 2009). The G spot name is given in recognition of the researcher who found its existence and relationship to female ejaculation (Grafenberg’s spot) (Gr ...
... female genitalia (Jannini and Whipple, 2010), caused above all by lack of knowledge of the anatomy and innervation of this area (Foldes and Buisson, 2009). The G spot name is given in recognition of the researcher who found its existence and relationship to female ejaculation (Grafenberg’s spot) (Gr ...
Exploring Evolutionary Constraints Is a Task for an Integrative
... change from morphological stasis to adaptive radiation remains contentious. This is at least in part because of the paucity of robust analyses of potential examples of constraints, whether of a more absolute or a relative nature. Here, we argue that what is needed to explore the type of constraints ...
... change from morphological stasis to adaptive radiation remains contentious. This is at least in part because of the paucity of robust analyses of potential examples of constraints, whether of a more absolute or a relative nature. Here, we argue that what is needed to explore the type of constraints ...
The effect of mitochondrial DNA on behaviours and life history traits in
... I used nine introgression lines generated from three nuclear and three mitochondrial haplotypes. I tested these nine lines for behaviours (activity and `resting, moving and walking´) as well as the two life history traits: life span and adult weight of emergence. I found that all responses had a gen ...
... I used nine introgression lines generated from three nuclear and three mitochondrial haplotypes. I tested these nine lines for behaviours (activity and `resting, moving and walking´) as well as the two life history traits: life span and adult weight of emergence. I found that all responses had a gen ...
Ovid: Diamond: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, Volume 151(3).March
... pressures to act as a girl, Joan would often not argue or fight the assignment and would "go along." Beginning at age 7 years, Joan began to rebel against going for the consultations at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Her reasons were discomfort and embarrassment with forced exposure of her genitals and ...
... pressures to act as a girl, Joan would often not argue or fight the assignment and would "go along." Beginning at age 7 years, Joan began to rebel against going for the consultations at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Her reasons were discomfort and embarrassment with forced exposure of her genitals and ...
Temperature- Dependent Sex Determination (TSD): benefits and
... originating in different years, especially with low rates of emigration (Shine 1999). This theory also breaks down among reptiles that produce more than one clutch per year. These clutches often result in offspring of different sexes, while the female used the same sperm from the first mating. Lastl ...
... originating in different years, especially with low rates of emigration (Shine 1999). This theory also breaks down among reptiles that produce more than one clutch per year. These clutches often result in offspring of different sexes, while the female used the same sperm from the first mating. Lastl ...
Conflict on the Sex Chromosomes: Cause, Effect, and Complexity
... therefore a larger proportion of mutations are effectively neutral in smaller populations. Recombination affects NE, and therefore molecular evolution, as higher rates of recombination within a specific region result in a local increase in NE. Rates of evolution of sex chromosomes also vary because ...
... therefore a larger proportion of mutations are effectively neutral in smaller populations. Recombination affects NE, and therefore molecular evolution, as higher rates of recombination within a specific region result in a local increase in NE. Rates of evolution of sex chromosomes also vary because ...
Statutory sex crime relationships between juveniles and adults: A
... choice one might want to draw the line, if at all, between these relationships and those that are termed sexual assault. The term “compliant victim” has achieved increasing acceptance among professionals interested in this topic (Lanning, 2002). It has a disadvantage, however. The term suggests that ...
... choice one might want to draw the line, if at all, between these relationships and those that are termed sexual assault. The term “compliant victim” has achieved increasing acceptance among professionals interested in this topic (Lanning, 2002). It has a disadvantage, however. The term suggests that ...
Chapter 10 - Semantic Scholar
... populations lay fewer and larger eggs than beetles collected from susceptible plant populations (Fox and Mousseau 1998). Remarkably, in addition to the genetic differentiation between populations of beetles, an adaptive maternal effect has evolved such that individual beetles alter egg size (and num ...
... populations lay fewer and larger eggs than beetles collected from susceptible plant populations (Fox and Mousseau 1998). Remarkably, in addition to the genetic differentiation between populations of beetles, an adaptive maternal effect has evolved such that individual beetles alter egg size (and num ...
Unit 7 (Evolution) Study Guide SPRING 2014 (Student
... 6. Who proposed the hypothesis of ‘inheritance of acquired characteristics’ as an explanation for how evolution occurs? Explain what this idea means. Answer: _____________________________________________________________________________ ...
... 6. Who proposed the hypothesis of ‘inheritance of acquired characteristics’ as an explanation for how evolution occurs? Explain what this idea means. Answer: _____________________________________________________________________________ ...
Species, Hybrids, and Natural Selection: The dynamics of
... First, the earlier definitions of a species stressed the resemblance of individuals within it while Darwin and Wallace stressed the differences. This can be seen by Darwin’s choice of words above. He does not speak of similarity or resemblances but of indifference. Second, earlier theories of evolut ...
... First, the earlier definitions of a species stressed the resemblance of individuals within it while Darwin and Wallace stressed the differences. This can be seen by Darwin’s choice of words above. He does not speak of similarity or resemblances but of indifference. Second, earlier theories of evolut ...
Expanded social fitness and HamiltonTs rule for kin, kith, and kind
... natural way to handle explicit dynamics. It usually takes population structure as a given, and when it does this, it may not yield insight into how population structure emerges. Although, in principle, it covers everything, its summary parameters may sometimes conceal interesting complexity. Even it ...
... natural way to handle explicit dynamics. It usually takes population structure as a given, and when it does this, it may not yield insight into how population structure emerges. Although, in principle, it covers everything, its summary parameters may sometimes conceal interesting complexity. Even it ...
Inferring natural selection in a fossil threespine stickleback
... Thus, in his original discussion of natural selection, Darwin (1859: p. 152) stated, ‘‘That natural selection will always act with extreme slowness, I fully admit.’’ Similarly, in reference to the evolution of complex structures, Darwin (1859: pp. 217–218) supposed that it might be necessary to ‘‘de ...
... Thus, in his original discussion of natural selection, Darwin (1859: p. 152) stated, ‘‘That natural selection will always act with extreme slowness, I fully admit.’’ Similarly, in reference to the evolution of complex structures, Darwin (1859: pp. 217–218) supposed that it might be necessary to ‘‘de ...
Patterns and Power of Phenotypic Selection in Nature
... of adaptive evolution within natural populations. Yet Darwin never attempted to measure selection in nature, and in the century following the publication of On the Origin of Species (Darwin 1859), selection was generally regarded as too weak to be observed directly in natural populations. Several no ...
... of adaptive evolution within natural populations. Yet Darwin never attempted to measure selection in nature, and in the century following the publication of On the Origin of Species (Darwin 1859), selection was generally regarded as too weak to be observed directly in natural populations. Several no ...
- WRAP: Warwick Research Archive Portal
... individuals who access Internet erotic material, including, recreational users, sexual compulsive users (these individuals are addicted to sex per se, and the Internet is but one mode where they can access sexual material) and at-risk users (these individuals would never have developed a sexual addi ...
... individuals who access Internet erotic material, including, recreational users, sexual compulsive users (these individuals are addicted to sex per se, and the Internet is but one mode where they can access sexual material) and at-risk users (these individuals would never have developed a sexual addi ...
Multilevel And Sex-Specific Selection On Competitive Traits In North
... Kingsolver et al. 2001; Smith and Blumstein 2008; Cox and Calsbeek 2009; Siepielski et al. ...
... Kingsolver et al. 2001; Smith and Blumstein 2008; Cox and Calsbeek 2009; Siepielski et al. ...
Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithms for Constraint Satisfaction Problems: Memetic Overkill?
... hybrid EAs to good results. The way to test this is to “deevolutionarise” the EAs and see whether the results get better or worse. Technically speaking the question is how to “remove evolution” from an EA. For a solid answer one should identify the essential features of EAs for which it holds that a ...
... hybrid EAs to good results. The way to test this is to “deevolutionarise” the EAs and see whether the results get better or worse. Technically speaking the question is how to “remove evolution” from an EA. For a solid answer one should identify the essential features of EAs for which it holds that a ...
Where is behavioural ecology going?
... The phenotypic gambit should be safe under some circumstances, such as when studying a behaviour that is at a long-term evolutionary equilibrium. This is because, given enough time, evolution should lead to behavioural adaptation irrespective of the underlying genetic architecture [34]. In other cir ...
... The phenotypic gambit should be safe under some circumstances, such as when studying a behaviour that is at a long-term evolutionary equilibrium. This is because, given enough time, evolution should lead to behavioural adaptation irrespective of the underlying genetic architecture [34]. In other cir ...
Evolution 59
... fishes a natural model system for studying general patterns and processes of vertebrate parental care evolution (Amundsen 2003). Studies on a few specific groups of fishes (Gross and Sargent 1985) and anuran frogs (Zimmerman and Zimmerman 1984, 1988; Weygoldt 1987) have suggested that for species wi ...
... fishes a natural model system for studying general patterns and processes of vertebrate parental care evolution (Amundsen 2003). Studies on a few specific groups of fishes (Gross and Sargent 1985) and anuran frogs (Zimmerman and Zimmerman 1984, 1988; Weygoldt 1987) have suggested that for species wi ...
Roman Social-Sexual Interactions - CU Scholar
... This thesis explores the dichotomy between sexuality and socialization in ancient Rome; namely how sexuality is expressed and communicated in Roman society as a whole. While modern perceptions seem to paint ancient sexuality as something significantly fluid, I postulate that the cultural openness to ...
... This thesis explores the dichotomy between sexuality and socialization in ancient Rome; namely how sexuality is expressed and communicated in Roman society as a whole. While modern perceptions seem to paint ancient sexuality as something significantly fluid, I postulate that the cultural openness to ...
Natural History and Economic History: Is Technological Change an
... the means to manipulate it. If we think of technology as an exploitation of natural regularities for the purpose of material well-being, this makes sense, though it leaves unresolved the question whether psychology or sociology, say, should be in there. I will refer to this set as the S set. Before ...
... the means to manipulate it. If we think of technology as an exploitation of natural regularities for the purpose of material well-being, this makes sense, though it leaves unresolved the question whether psychology or sociology, say, should be in there. I will refer to this set as the S set. Before ...
Bowler, P. J., 2009. Darwin`s originality. Science 323:223-226.
... important (this is the point of contention among experts studying Darwin’s notebooks), but the breeders certainly taught him one thing. He realized that in a domesticated population there is always a fund of apparently purposeless and undirected variation among individual organisms. Although convinc ...
... important (this is the point of contention among experts studying Darwin’s notebooks), but the breeders certainly taught him one thing. He realized that in a domesticated population there is always a fund of apparently purposeless and undirected variation among individual organisms. Although convinc ...
Sexual selection
Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection where typically members of one gender choose mates of the other gender to mate with, called intersexual selection, and where females normally do the choosing, and competition between members of the same gender to sexually reproduce with members of the opposite sex, called intrasexual selection. These two forms of selection mean that some individuals have better reproductive success than others within a population either from being sexier or preferring sexier partners to produce offspring. For instance in the breeding season sexual selection in frogs occurs with the males first gathering at the water's edge and croaking. The females then arrive and choose the males with the deepest croaks and best territories. Generalizing, males benefit from frequent mating and monopolizing access to a group of fertile females. Females have a limited number of offspring they can have and they maximize the return on the energy they invest in reproduction.First articulated by Charles Darwin who described it as driving speciation and that many organisms had evolved features whose function was deleterious to their individual survival, and then developed by Ronald Fisher in the early 20th century. Sexual selection can lead typically males to extreme efforts to demonstrate their fitness to be chosen by females, producing secondary sexual characteristics, such as ornate bird tails like the peacock plumage, or the antlers of deer, or the manes of lions, caused by a positive feedback mechanism known as a Fisherian runaway, where the passing on of the desire for a trait in one sex is as important as having the trait in the other sex in producing the runaway effect. Although the sexy son hypothesis indicates that females would prefer male sons, Fisher's principle explains why the sex ratio is 1:1 almost without exception. Sexual selection is also found in plants and fungi.The maintenance of sexual reproduction in a highly competitive world has long been one of the major mysteries of biology given that asexual reproduction can reproduce much more quickly as 50% of offspring are not males, unable to produce offspring themselves. However, research published in 2015 indicates that sexual selection can explain the persistence of sexual reproduction.