Speciation in rapidly diverging systems: lessons from Lake Malawi
... generally similar in body shape, melanistic body markings and habitat preferences, there are striking differences in their trophic morphology (Reinthal 1990b). The diversification of species during the tertiary radiations is commonly attributed to the divergence of reproductive characters (Fig. 1). ...
... generally similar in body shape, melanistic body markings and habitat preferences, there are striking differences in their trophic morphology (Reinthal 1990b). The diversification of species during the tertiary radiations is commonly attributed to the divergence of reproductive characters (Fig. 1). ...
Film Classification Guidelines
... The impact of a film or a scene will be evaluated based on the presentation, duration, frequency, degree of visual and audio details, and their cumulative effect. The impact may be stronger where a scene: ...
... The impact of a film or a scene will be evaluated based on the presentation, duration, frequency, degree of visual and audio details, and their cumulative effect. The impact may be stronger where a scene: ...
Signatures of Natural Selection and Ecological Differentiation in
... the process that generates genetic similarity than the exact level of genetic similarity itself. The process is an evolutionary process, involving natural selection of the fittest within a diverse, replicating population. A good example of a processbased species concept is the Ecotype Model, develop ...
... the process that generates genetic similarity than the exact level of genetic similarity itself. The process is an evolutionary process, involving natural selection of the fittest within a diverse, replicating population. A good example of a processbased species concept is the Ecotype Model, develop ...
Genetic variance–covariance matrices: a critique of the evolutionary
... selection, regardless of how intense the selection pressure is: no fuel, no go. In many cases, of course, the heritability value will be intermediate, and the breeder’s equation predicts a proportionality between selection pressure and response, with the exact value depending on the heritability. (I ...
... selection, regardless of how intense the selection pressure is: no fuel, no go. In many cases, of course, the heritability value will be intermediate, and the breeder’s equation predicts a proportionality between selection pressure and response, with the exact value depending on the heritability. (I ...
The dimensions, modes and definitions of species and
... of reconciling two concepts that have been held to be opposed in the Darwin Wars: adaptation and drift. The opposition of these two processes goes back to a debate between Fisher, who first successfully argued that Mendel and Darwin could be reconciled, and who proposed the ‘‘fundamental theorem’’ of ...
... of reconciling two concepts that have been held to be opposed in the Darwin Wars: adaptation and drift. The opposition of these two processes goes back to a debate between Fisher, who first successfully argued that Mendel and Darwin could be reconciled, and who proposed the ‘‘fundamental theorem’’ of ...
Mechanisms of Evolution
... the observation and modeling of allele frequencies and genetic change in populations of organisms. There are three parameters to keep in mind: – allele frequency: the proportion of a specific allele at a given locus, considering that the population may contain from one to many alleles at that locu ...
... the observation and modeling of allele frequencies and genetic change in populations of organisms. There are three parameters to keep in mind: – allele frequency: the proportion of a specific allele at a given locus, considering that the population may contain from one to many alleles at that locu ...
Have a sneak preview of BiologySource 11
... James Hutton, a Scottish geologist. He proposed that rock formations are being continually formed. Molten material is forced up to Earth’s surface to form rock, where it is then eroded away. The sediment from the erosion is washed into the sea and eventually compacts to form sedimentary rock. Hutton ...
... James Hutton, a Scottish geologist. He proposed that rock formations are being continually formed. Molten material is forced up to Earth’s surface to form rock, where it is then eroded away. The sediment from the erosion is washed into the sea and eventually compacts to form sedimentary rock. Hutton ...
Young Children Can Be Taught Basic Natural Selection
... specialization of living things. Despite this, decades of studies have demonstrated that adaptation by natural selection is one of the most widely misunderstood concepts in science. Misconceptions are not only widespread among high school students and undergraduates (Bishop & Anderson, 1990; Brumby, ...
... specialization of living things. Despite this, decades of studies have demonstrated that adaptation by natural selection is one of the most widely misunderstood concepts in science. Misconceptions are not only widespread among high school students and undergraduates (Bishop & Anderson, 1990; Brumby, ...
Chapter 13 Notes - Anderson County Schools
... • Thus, from the war of nature, from famine and death, the most exalted object of which we are capable of conceiving, namely, the production of the higher animals, directly follows. There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or i ...
... • Thus, from the war of nature, from famine and death, the most exalted object of which we are capable of conceiving, namely, the production of the higher animals, directly follows. There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or i ...
Evidence For Evolution
... explainable in terms of their immediate environment. Rather, as one would expect from evolution, organisms’ features are often congruent with earlier environments. Thus, a good many features in any organism appear to be suited to an environment that no longer exists (or at least that they no longer ...
... explainable in terms of their immediate environment. Rather, as one would expect from evolution, organisms’ features are often congruent with earlier environments. Thus, a good many features in any organism appear to be suited to an environment that no longer exists (or at least that they no longer ...
The Evolutionary Enigma of Sex
... that varies over time and space, with differences among individuals in the tendency to reproduce sexually, and with populations that are limited in size. These recent efforts have clarified the conditions that are most likely to explain why sex is so common, as exemplified by the articles in this sy ...
... that varies over time and space, with differences among individuals in the tendency to reproduce sexually, and with populations that are limited in size. These recent efforts have clarified the conditions that are most likely to explain why sex is so common, as exemplified by the articles in this sy ...
Evolution of egg dummies in Tanganyikan cichlid fishes: the roles of
... 2002; Henning & Meyer, 2012; Theis et al., 2012). Postcopulatory sexual selection in the form of sperm competition has been proposed to play a major role in sexual selection (Birkhead & Møller, 1998; Møller & Ninni, 1998), but is a previously unexplored avenue in the context of egg dummy evolution. ...
... 2002; Henning & Meyer, 2012; Theis et al., 2012). Postcopulatory sexual selection in the form of sperm competition has been proposed to play a major role in sexual selection (Birkhead & Møller, 1998; Møller & Ninni, 1998), but is a previously unexplored avenue in the context of egg dummy evolution. ...
1 THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES 1. INTRODUCTION Before
... His theory is based on the premise that acquired traits can be inherited. ...
... His theory is based on the premise that acquired traits can be inherited. ...
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... to the fore. The Platonic One seems to bridge these two conceptions insofar as it both points to a gathering together, wherein two become One but also already relies upon an original unity, a division which should not have occurred. We find ourselves thus at a mid-point from which we project both th ...
... to the fore. The Platonic One seems to bridge these two conceptions insofar as it both points to a gathering together, wherein two become One but also already relies upon an original unity, a division which should not have occurred. We find ourselves thus at a mid-point from which we project both th ...
Evolutionary distributions and competition by way of reaction
... emerge as intrinsic properties of such models. Because of their similarity to patterns that are observed in nature, links are made between patterns from models and in nature. All such models do not answer the quintessential question: Why do we observe such patterns in the first place? Answers to suc ...
... emerge as intrinsic properties of such models. Because of their similarity to patterns that are observed in nature, links are made between patterns from models and in nature. All such models do not answer the quintessential question: Why do we observe such patterns in the first place? Answers to suc ...
Using behavior-analytic implicit tests to assess sexual interests
... responses by Roche and Barnes (1997), experiment 1). In that experiment, seven subjects were trained in a series of conditional discrimination tasks using nonsense syllables as stimuli. This training led to the emergence of three derived equivalence classes; A1-B1-C1, A2-B2-C2, and A3-B3-C3. After t ...
... responses by Roche and Barnes (1997), experiment 1). In that experiment, seven subjects were trained in a series of conditional discrimination tasks using nonsense syllables as stimuli. This training led to the emergence of three derived equivalence classes; A1-B1-C1, A2-B2-C2, and A3-B3-C3. After t ...
File
... • Sexual selection leads to the evolution of secondary sexual characteristics and sexual dimorphism. – These may give individuals an advantage in mating – Example: males competing for privilege to mate with female ...
... • Sexual selection leads to the evolution of secondary sexual characteristics and sexual dimorphism. – These may give individuals an advantage in mating – Example: males competing for privilege to mate with female ...
HIV Risk Behaviour in Irish Intravenous Drug Users
... was noted in Glasgow and London I.D.U.’s8. Because of the high level of inefficiency in cleaning we would feel that I.D.U’s should only receive one message regarding reducing injecting risk behaviour i.e. only use new injecting equipment. As in previous studies heterosexual activity is high with the ...
... was noted in Glasgow and London I.D.U.’s8. Because of the high level of inefficiency in cleaning we would feel that I.D.U’s should only receive one message regarding reducing injecting risk behaviour i.e. only use new injecting equipment. As in previous studies heterosexual activity is high with the ...
Chapter 13
... Sexual reproduction generates new combinations of alleles in individuals (genetic recombination). ...
... Sexual reproduction generates new combinations of alleles in individuals (genetic recombination). ...
Repeatability: Its role in evolutionary studies of mating behavior
... Repeatability, a concept derived from quantitative genetics theory, is a statistic that describes the degree to which variation within individuals contributes to total variation in a population. Its usual application has been to set an upper limit on heritability but it may also be useful for studie ...
... Repeatability, a concept derived from quantitative genetics theory, is a statistic that describes the degree to which variation within individuals contributes to total variation in a population. Its usual application has been to set an upper limit on heritability but it may also be useful for studie ...
PBS 505 GENETIC METHODS IN PLANT BREEDING 2 Units Three
... common in a population as a function of differential reproduction of their bearers. It is a key mechanism of evolution. The genetic variation within a population of organisms may cause some individuals to survive and reproduce more successfully than others. Factors which affect reproductive success ...
... common in a population as a function of differential reproduction of their bearers. It is a key mechanism of evolution. The genetic variation within a population of organisms may cause some individuals to survive and reproduce more successfully than others. Factors which affect reproductive success ...
Chapter 22
... • In 1844, Darwin wrote an essay on natural selection as the mechanism of descent with modification, but did not introduce his theory publicly • Natural selection is a process in which individuals with favorable inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce • In June 1858, Darwin receiv ...
... • In 1844, Darwin wrote an essay on natural selection as the mechanism of descent with modification, but did not introduce his theory publicly • Natural selection is a process in which individuals with favorable inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce • In June 1858, Darwin receiv ...
Sexual selection
Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection where typically members of one gender choose mates of the other gender to mate with, called intersexual selection, and where females normally do the choosing, and competition between members of the same gender to sexually reproduce with members of the opposite sex, called intrasexual selection. These two forms of selection mean that some individuals have better reproductive success than others within a population either from being sexier or preferring sexier partners to produce offspring. For instance in the breeding season sexual selection in frogs occurs with the males first gathering at the water's edge and croaking. The females then arrive and choose the males with the deepest croaks and best territories. Generalizing, males benefit from frequent mating and monopolizing access to a group of fertile females. Females have a limited number of offspring they can have and they maximize the return on the energy they invest in reproduction.First articulated by Charles Darwin who described it as driving speciation and that many organisms had evolved features whose function was deleterious to their individual survival, and then developed by Ronald Fisher in the early 20th century. Sexual selection can lead typically males to extreme efforts to demonstrate their fitness to be chosen by females, producing secondary sexual characteristics, such as ornate bird tails like the peacock plumage, or the antlers of deer, or the manes of lions, caused by a positive feedback mechanism known as a Fisherian runaway, where the passing on of the desire for a trait in one sex is as important as having the trait in the other sex in producing the runaway effect. Although the sexy son hypothesis indicates that females would prefer male sons, Fisher's principle explains why the sex ratio is 1:1 almost without exception. Sexual selection is also found in plants and fungi.The maintenance of sexual reproduction in a highly competitive world has long been one of the major mysteries of biology given that asexual reproduction can reproduce much more quickly as 50% of offspring are not males, unable to produce offspring themselves. However, research published in 2015 indicates that sexual selection can explain the persistence of sexual reproduction.