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... argument in the Origin of Species. The two big ideas in Darwin's theory are common ancestry and natural selection. Why did Darwin put selection first and foremost in the Origin and allow his views about common ancestry to emerge only gradually and as a secondary theme? This is a question about Darwi ...
... argument in the Origin of Species. The two big ideas in Darwin's theory are common ancestry and natural selection. Why did Darwin put selection first and foremost in the Origin and allow his views about common ancestry to emerge only gradually and as a secondary theme? This is a question about Darwi ...
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab
... therapy is often used to restructure thoughts and beliefs about sexuality that may be inhibiting desire (e.g., good women should not desire sex) to reflect ideas more conducive to sexual enjoyment, and to address negative underlying relationship issues. Behavioural interventions are often used to tr ...
... therapy is often used to restructure thoughts and beliefs about sexuality that may be inhibiting desire (e.g., good women should not desire sex) to reflect ideas more conducive to sexual enjoyment, and to address negative underlying relationship issues. Behavioural interventions are often used to tr ...
Chapter15_Section03_edit
... survive, and many that do survive do not reproduce. Because more organisms are produced than can survive, they compete for limited resources. Slide 28 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
... survive, and many that do survive do not reproduce. Because more organisms are produced than can survive, they compete for limited resources. Slide 28 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
Sexual Dysfunctions
... • During the resolution phase, which may last 30 minutes or longer, the person’s body returns to its resting state. • Men are typically unresponsive to further sexual stimulation for a variable period of time after reaching orgasm. • This is known as the refractory period. • Women, on the other hand ...
... • During the resolution phase, which may last 30 minutes or longer, the person’s body returns to its resting state. • Men are typically unresponsive to further sexual stimulation for a variable period of time after reaching orgasm. • This is known as the refractory period. • Women, on the other hand ...
The female condom: knowledge, attitude, and willingness to use
... It was also interesting to analyse the reasons why people don’t want to use it. Women reported more objective difficulties (“difficult insertion” and “trouble during sexual intercourse”), while men reported reasons having more to do with psychological issues. Therefore, it could be argued that while ...
... It was also interesting to analyse the reasons why people don’t want to use it. Women reported more objective difficulties (“difficult insertion” and “trouble during sexual intercourse”), while men reported reasons having more to do with psychological issues. Therefore, it could be argued that while ...
The Descent of Evolutionary Explanations: Darwinian Vestiges
... modest ends. They illustrate the difficulties noted in the previous section, particularly those attendant to evolutionary explanations of uniquely human characteristics. I take them also to reveal that, their claims to the contrary notwithstanding, evolutionary psychologists are not using historical ...
... modest ends. They illustrate the difficulties noted in the previous section, particularly those attendant to evolutionary explanations of uniquely human characteristics. I take them also to reveal that, their claims to the contrary notwithstanding, evolutionary psychologists are not using historical ...
Fitness variation in response to artificial selection for reduced cell
... area (directly produced by selection on this trait or as a response correlated to selection on cell number or wing area), we correlated the cell size over all kinds of selection and populations (n = 12) with competitive ability, obtaining a not significant correlation (r(10) = 0.168, P = 0.6). ...
... area (directly produced by selection on this trait or as a response correlated to selection on cell number or wing area), we correlated the cell size over all kinds of selection and populations (n = 12) with competitive ability, obtaining a not significant correlation (r(10) = 0.168, P = 0.6). ...
Conditional Expression of Changes in Female Desires and Male
... preserve female choice (Benshoof and Thornhill, 1979; Symons, 1979). Any cues associated with ovulation should therefore be subtle, and perhaps most obvious to the woman herself. Emerging evidence suggests two subtle cues. First, women’s body scent is rated as most attractive during the high fertili ...
... preserve female choice (Benshoof and Thornhill, 1979; Symons, 1979). Any cues associated with ovulation should therefore be subtle, and perhaps most obvious to the woman herself. Emerging evidence suggests two subtle cues. First, women’s body scent is rated as most attractive during the high fertili ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES EFFECTIVENESS AND SPILLOVERS OF ONLINE SEX EDUCATION:
... countries that have already invested in internet-equipped computer labs in schools. Second, computerbased courses can be used by students in settings where teachers, health workers or peers refuse or are unable to provide in-person instruction. Third, human-led group settings may not be the ideal le ...
... countries that have already invested in internet-equipped computer labs in schools. Second, computerbased courses can be used by students in settings where teachers, health workers or peers refuse or are unable to provide in-person instruction. Third, human-led group settings may not be the ideal le ...
10.1 Darwin and the Theory of Evolution
... discovered many new species. For his prediction, Kavanaugh drew inspiration from Darwin’s own 1862 prediction. When Darwin observed an orchid from Madagascar with a foot-long nectare, he predicted that a pollinator would be found with a tongue long enough to reach the nectar inside the orchid’s very ...
... discovered many new species. For his prediction, Kavanaugh drew inspiration from Darwin’s own 1862 prediction. When Darwin observed an orchid from Madagascar with a foot-long nectare, he predicted that a pollinator would be found with a tongue long enough to reach the nectar inside the orchid’s very ...
body irradiation transplantation: impact of chronic graft
... and large ES 5 0.8) was used.10 Because an ES of one-third to one-half could be considered discriminatory for health-related QOL,11,12 we regarded ES $ 0.3 as clinically relevant. PROCs LOGISTIC, LIFETEST, and GEE of SAS 9.2 (SAS Institute) were used. ...
... and large ES 5 0.8) was used.10 Because an ES of one-third to one-half could be considered discriminatory for health-related QOL,11,12 we regarded ES $ 0.3 as clinically relevant. PROCs LOGISTIC, LIFETEST, and GEE of SAS 9.2 (SAS Institute) were used. ...
Perfect Strain Teachers Guide DGBL 2015-08.indd
... game is not intended to teach natural selection to students who have no background in biology; instead, it is intended as an supplementary activity that can be assigned instead of homework or other practice activities. While many students may struggle with the abstract nature of natural selection, t ...
... game is not intended to teach natural selection to students who have no background in biology; instead, it is intended as an supplementary activity that can be assigned instead of homework or other practice activities. While many students may struggle with the abstract nature of natural selection, t ...
THE PHYLOGENETIC DISTRIBUTION OF A FEMALE PREFERENCE
... context of mating. Using phylogenetic in- erence has been investigated theoretically formation, it is possible to determine when with a model of visual recognition (Arak a female bias arose. At any time after the and Enquist, 1993; Enquist and Arak, appearance of a bias, an "adaptive field" 1993); s ...
... context of mating. Using phylogenetic in- erence has been investigated theoretically formation, it is possible to determine when with a model of visual recognition (Arak a female bias arose. At any time after the and Enquist, 1993; Enquist and Arak, appearance of a bias, an "adaptive field" 1993); s ...
Conceptual Inventory of Natural Selection
... c. The guppies are all identical on the inside, but have many differences in appearance. d. The guppies share many essential characteristics, but also vary in many features. 10. Fitness is a term often used by biologists to explain the evolutionary success of certain organisms. Which feature would a ...
... c. The guppies are all identical on the inside, but have many differences in appearance. d. The guppies share many essential characteristics, but also vary in many features. 10. Fitness is a term often used by biologists to explain the evolutionary success of certain organisms. Which feature would a ...
Information Systems Theorizing Based on Evolutionary Psychology
... Evolutionary psychology builds on the modern synthesis (Mayr and Provine 1998) of Charles Darwin’s (1859, 1871) theory of evolution of species by selection; which comprises evolution by natural (or environmental) selection in general (Darwin 1859), as well as in response to the more specific evoluti ...
... Evolutionary psychology builds on the modern synthesis (Mayr and Provine 1998) of Charles Darwin’s (1859, 1871) theory of evolution of species by selection; which comprises evolution by natural (or environmental) selection in general (Darwin 1859), as well as in response to the more specific evoluti ...
An Intrinsic Advantage of Sexual Reproduction
... transfers diseases and harmful transposons. Sexual selection often leads to maladaptive traits, such as the peacock’s tail. These and more additional defects imply sex has a more than twofold cost as asexual reproduction. As compensation, sex may be a more efficient means for transferring genes to f ...
... transfers diseases and harmful transposons. Sexual selection often leads to maladaptive traits, such as the peacock’s tail. These and more additional defects imply sex has a more than twofold cost as asexual reproduction. As compensation, sex may be a more efficient means for transferring genes to f ...
PatMat6_MW_2015_02_06_arc
... 1860c). However, there was no place for supernatural interference in the laws of nature. Those laws were designed, but their inviolability provided instruction: “The laws of nature are necessarily inflexible and unchangeable. Wisdom and provision in man depend entirely upon Nature's truth — upon the ...
... 1860c). However, there was no place for supernatural interference in the laws of nature. Those laws were designed, but their inviolability provided instruction: “The laws of nature are necessarily inflexible and unchangeable. Wisdom and provision in man depend entirely upon Nature's truth — upon the ...
Chance Variation and Evolutionary Contingency
... suggestion that God also arranged the sequence of variations that were subsequently selected. To what end would God have done so? Presumably to guarantee the existence of humans (“in His own image,” Genesis 1:27). But then did He also directly or indirectly cause just the right variations to occur ...
... suggestion that God also arranged the sequence of variations that were subsequently selected. To what end would God have done so? Presumably to guarantee the existence of humans (“in His own image,” Genesis 1:27). But then did He also directly or indirectly cause just the right variations to occur ...
Multidimensional convergence stability
... essentially futile to expect a completely general stability criterion based solely on (invasion) fitness, and this state of affairs is particularly acute for multidimensional trait spaces. On the other hand, I will argue that fitness-based stability criteria can be quite useful, in the sense of prov ...
... essentially futile to expect a completely general stability criterion based solely on (invasion) fitness, and this state of affairs is particularly acute for multidimensional trait spaces. On the other hand, I will argue that fitness-based stability criteria can be quite useful, in the sense of prov ...
The structure of evolution by natural selection
... to it even if they cannot prove it, even if they think that it is in principle untestable or a tautology that has in itself no explanatory power. A recommendation of this kind is good from a scientific point of view to the degree that it is fruitful in leading to scientific discovery, and this recomme ...
... to it even if they cannot prove it, even if they think that it is in principle untestable or a tautology that has in itself no explanatory power. A recommendation of this kind is good from a scientific point of view to the degree that it is fruitful in leading to scientific discovery, and this recomme ...
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
... Normal vaginal bacteria can also cause PID especially in young sexually active women. PID can also more rarely occur after having a procedure performed, such as an IUD (intrauterine device) insertion or an abortion, as the procedure can introduce bacteria from the vagina and cervix into the uterus. ...
... Normal vaginal bacteria can also cause PID especially in young sexually active women. PID can also more rarely occur after having a procedure performed, such as an IUD (intrauterine device) insertion or an abortion, as the procedure can introduce bacteria from the vagina and cervix into the uterus. ...
Cultural, Historical, and Research Perspectives on Sexuality
... Shortages of food, for example, may lead to decreased reproductive rates. Gender roles are closely tied to both reproductive patterns and other social structures. Sexuality therefore has a place at the center of any culture (Plante, 2006). In smaller, homogenous cultures—in which the people are expe ...
... Shortages of food, for example, may lead to decreased reproductive rates. Gender roles are closely tied to both reproductive patterns and other social structures. Sexuality therefore has a place at the center of any culture (Plante, 2006). In smaller, homogenous cultures—in which the people are expe ...
Explaining stasis: microevolutionary studies in natural populations
... cases where direct observations of natural populations have revealed microevolutionary changes occurring, despite the frequent demonstration of additive genetic variation and strong directional selection for particular traits. Those few cases where responses congruent with expectation have been demo ...
... cases where direct observations of natural populations have revealed microevolutionary changes occurring, despite the frequent demonstration of additive genetic variation and strong directional selection for particular traits. Those few cases where responses congruent with expectation have been demo ...
Altitude affects the reproductive performance in monoicous and
... system), and time on the reproductive performance of the bryophytes, we performed repeated-measures ANOVAs. For the variables “production of sexual branches” and “sporophyte production”, the data were log10 transformed (log x + 1) to achieve normality of residuals and homogeneity of variances. We pe ...
... system), and time on the reproductive performance of the bryophytes, we performed repeated-measures ANOVAs. For the variables “production of sexual branches” and “sporophyte production”, the data were log10 transformed (log x + 1) to achieve normality of residuals and homogeneity of variances. We pe ...
Origins of evolutionary transitions
... questions about the origins of transitions is problematic, because these questions are interesting in their own right, and not as easy to answer as is perhaps assumed. 10 Furthermore, the details of how the origin questions can be and have been solved, during each of the numerous transitions that ha ...
... questions about the origins of transitions is problematic, because these questions are interesting in their own right, and not as easy to answer as is perhaps assumed. 10 Furthermore, the details of how the origin questions can be and have been solved, during each of the numerous transitions that ha ...
Sexual selection
Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection where typically members of one gender choose mates of the other gender to mate with, called intersexual selection, and where females normally do the choosing, and competition between members of the same gender to sexually reproduce with members of the opposite sex, called intrasexual selection. These two forms of selection mean that some individuals have better reproductive success than others within a population either from being sexier or preferring sexier partners to produce offspring. For instance in the breeding season sexual selection in frogs occurs with the males first gathering at the water's edge and croaking. The females then arrive and choose the males with the deepest croaks and best territories. Generalizing, males benefit from frequent mating and monopolizing access to a group of fertile females. Females have a limited number of offspring they can have and they maximize the return on the energy they invest in reproduction.First articulated by Charles Darwin who described it as driving speciation and that many organisms had evolved features whose function was deleterious to their individual survival, and then developed by Ronald Fisher in the early 20th century. Sexual selection can lead typically males to extreme efforts to demonstrate their fitness to be chosen by females, producing secondary sexual characteristics, such as ornate bird tails like the peacock plumage, or the antlers of deer, or the manes of lions, caused by a positive feedback mechanism known as a Fisherian runaway, where the passing on of the desire for a trait in one sex is as important as having the trait in the other sex in producing the runaway effect. Although the sexy son hypothesis indicates that females would prefer male sons, Fisher's principle explains why the sex ratio is 1:1 almost without exception. Sexual selection is also found in plants and fungi.The maintenance of sexual reproduction in a highly competitive world has long been one of the major mysteries of biology given that asexual reproduction can reproduce much more quickly as 50% of offspring are not males, unable to produce offspring themselves. However, research published in 2015 indicates that sexual selection can explain the persistence of sexual reproduction.