continued
... 14.1 How Did Evolutionary Thought Develop? Early biological thought did not include the concept of evolution (continued) – Pre-Darwinian science was heavily influenced by theological ideas, maintaining that all organisms were created simultaneously by God, and that each distinct life-form was per ...
... 14.1 How Did Evolutionary Thought Develop? Early biological thought did not include the concept of evolution (continued) – Pre-Darwinian science was heavily influenced by theological ideas, maintaining that all organisms were created simultaneously by God, and that each distinct life-form was per ...
Ecological Speciation Among Blue Holes in Mosquitofish
... and does not require selection to directly favor reproductive isolation (i.e., reinforcement). Theory suggests that divergent natural selection between environments might often result in speciation as a by-product, however only a handful of examples where this may occur have so far been revealed (e. ...
... and does not require selection to directly favor reproductive isolation (i.e., reinforcement). Theory suggests that divergent natural selection between environments might often result in speciation as a by-product, however only a handful of examples where this may occur have so far been revealed (e. ...
Coyne et al 2000 Evolution 54
... Wright versus Fisher? Instead of presenting evidence to refute our arguments against the SBT, Wade and Goodnight (1998) describe a position that they claim we support and then show that this position is unreasonable. They assert, in particular, that we adhere to what they call ‘‘Fisher’s ‘large popu ...
... Wright versus Fisher? Instead of presenting evidence to refute our arguments against the SBT, Wade and Goodnight (1998) describe a position that they claim we support and then show that this position is unreasonable. They assert, in particular, that we adhere to what they call ‘‘Fisher’s ‘large popu ...
Evolutionary Psychology and Feminism
... theories might therefore be used to oppress women and interfere with achieving gender equality. Some worried that documentation of evolved differences might lead to justification of bad or immoral behavior. If men have an evolved desire for sexual variety, for example, some worried that men would us ...
... theories might therefore be used to oppress women and interfere with achieving gender equality. Some worried that documentation of evolved differences might lead to justification of bad or immoral behavior. If men have an evolved desire for sexual variety, for example, some worried that men would us ...
Natural selection and the origin and maintenance of standard
... equilibrium value will be determined by the systemic pressures. Of course, the variation around the equilibrium will be due to drift, but it will be very small with large systemic pressure. ...
... equilibrium value will be determined by the systemic pressures. Of course, the variation around the equilibrium will be due to drift, but it will be very small with large systemic pressure. ...
The Journal of Neuroscience, October 8, 2003, 23(27):9185
... There are two reasons for the problems with determining the precise role of c-Fos in these events: (1) c-Fos has a temporal resolution of >1 hr and, therefore, cannot be conclusively linked to one specific event. (2) There is a difference in sensitivity to c-Fos between different brain structures (K ...
... There are two reasons for the problems with determining the precise role of c-Fos in these events: (1) c-Fos has a temporal resolution of >1 hr and, therefore, cannot be conclusively linked to one specific event. (2) There is a difference in sensitivity to c-Fos between different brain structures (K ...
individual and collective vulnerability and std/hiv
... Nearly twenty years since its discovery, AIDS still remains a ‘planetary emergency’, in the words of the UN Secretary General. AIDS is a threat to humanity which affects all societies and hinders social and economic development. It causes physical and emotional suffering, and is often used to justif ...
... Nearly twenty years since its discovery, AIDS still remains a ‘planetary emergency’, in the words of the UN Secretary General. AIDS is a threat to humanity which affects all societies and hinders social and economic development. It causes physical and emotional suffering, and is often used to justif ...
DARWINISM AND MECHANISM: METAPHOR IN SCIENCE
... described... The elater, when placed on its back and preparing to spring, moved its head and thorax backwards, so that the pectoral spine was drawn out, and rested on the edge of its sheath. The same backward movement being continued, the spine, by the full action of the muscles, was bent like a spr ...
... described... The elater, when placed on its back and preparing to spring, moved its head and thorax backwards, so that the pectoral spine was drawn out, and rested on the edge of its sheath. The same backward movement being continued, the spine, by the full action of the muscles, was bent like a spr ...
15-3 - CP Biology Overview
... survive, and many that do survive do not reproduce. Because more organisms are produced than can survive, they compete for limited resources. Slide 32 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
... survive, and many that do survive do not reproduce. Because more organisms are produced than can survive, they compete for limited resources. Slide 32 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
15-3 Darwin Presents His Case
... Summary of Darwin's Theory Individual organisms differ, and some of this variation is heritable. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive, and many that do survive do not reproduce. Because more organisms are produced than can survive, they compete for limited resources. Slide 32 of 41 Copy ...
... Summary of Darwin's Theory Individual organisms differ, and some of this variation is heritable. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive, and many that do survive do not reproduce. Because more organisms are produced than can survive, they compete for limited resources. Slide 32 of 41 Copy ...
15-3 Darwin Presents His Case
... survive, and many that do survive do not reproduce. Because more organisms are produced than can survive, they compete for limited resources. Slide 32 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
... survive, and many that do survive do not reproduce. Because more organisms are produced than can survive, they compete for limited resources. Slide 32 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
/K /d K d
... found that avian mitochondrial dN /dS was negatively correlated with body mass. One might expect that inherent differences between inheritance, mutation rate, recombination and gene density in the mitochondria and nucleus could lead to differences in the modulation of substitution patterns by select ...
... found that avian mitochondrial dN /dS was negatively correlated with body mass. One might expect that inherent differences between inheritance, mutation rate, recombination and gene density in the mitochondria and nucleus could lead to differences in the modulation of substitution patterns by select ...
Chapter 13 PPT
... for a particular environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than those less well adapted • Darwin saw natural selection as the basic mechanism of evolution – As a result, the proportion of individuals with favorable characteristics increases ...
... for a particular environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than those less well adapted • Darwin saw natural selection as the basic mechanism of evolution – As a result, the proportion of individuals with favorable characteristics increases ...
A pluralist approach to sex and recombination
... been put to several different uses, or lost (e.g. gill arches, mammalian forelimbs). The factors maintaining sexual reproduction may be different from those which led to its evolution. Multiple selection pressures are the norm in evolutionary biology: for instance, we do not expect, nor do we ®nd, t ...
... been put to several different uses, or lost (e.g. gill arches, mammalian forelimbs). The factors maintaining sexual reproduction may be different from those which led to its evolution. Multiple selection pressures are the norm in evolutionary biology: for instance, we do not expect, nor do we ®nd, t ...
Avian sex determination: what, when and where?
... gonads and Müllerian ducts, where expression is higher in males compared to females, from as early as day 3.5–4.5 (stage 20–25) (Fig. 2). Significantly, while many Z-linked genes in chicken map to both Z and W chromosomes of ratites, excluding them as universal avian sex determinants, DMRT1 maps onl ...
... gonads and Müllerian ducts, where expression is higher in males compared to females, from as early as day 3.5–4.5 (stage 20–25) (Fig. 2). Significantly, while many Z-linked genes in chicken map to both Z and W chromosomes of ratites, excluding them as universal avian sex determinants, DMRT1 maps onl ...
Biology
... survive, and many that do survive do not reproduce. Because more organisms are produced than can survive, they compete for limited resources. Slide 30 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
... survive, and many that do survive do not reproduce. Because more organisms are produced than can survive, they compete for limited resources. Slide 30 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
Mechanisms of constraints: the contributions of selection and
... Although naturalists, quantitative geneticists, and developmental biologists have long noted that plants frequently have abnormal numbers of cotyledons, this phenomenon is poorly understood. Our results strongly suggest that cotyledon numbers less than two are selected against. Some of this selectio ...
... Although naturalists, quantitative geneticists, and developmental biologists have long noted that plants frequently have abnormal numbers of cotyledons, this phenomenon is poorly understood. Our results strongly suggest that cotyledon numbers less than two are selected against. Some of this selectio ...
SAJP 26(2).vp - Danie Strauss
... Between 1831 and 1836, on his world tour, Darwin discovered animal fossils in South America and discerned similarities with variations of living plants and animals found on the Galapagos Islands. In his 1859, work he developed his view of the (incremental) total process of becoming (change) stretchi ...
... Between 1831 and 1836, on his world tour, Darwin discovered animal fossils in South America and discerned similarities with variations of living plants and animals found on the Galapagos Islands. In his 1859, work he developed his view of the (incremental) total process of becoming (change) stretchi ...
Genetic correlations between adults and larvae in a marine fish
... fishing practices can selectively remove larger individuals from the population, potentially resulting in rapid evolution of fished populations (reviewed by Stokes et al. 1993; Browman et al. 2000). Evolutionary changes such as reduced growth rate of adults and smaller size at maturity have been dem ...
... fishing practices can selectively remove larger individuals from the population, potentially resulting in rapid evolution of fished populations (reviewed by Stokes et al. 1993; Browman et al. 2000). Evolutionary changes such as reduced growth rate of adults and smaller size at maturity have been dem ...
Sexual Relations between Psychotherapists and Their Patients
... The greatest negation of professional responsibility is taking advantage of an essentially defenseless patient-but it often happens. . ...
... The greatest negation of professional responsibility is taking advantage of an essentially defenseless patient-but it often happens. . ...
The structure and development of evolutionary theory from a
... argued against the medieval reverence for classical authorities, such as Aristotle, and against the then conventional method of gaining knowledge by mere logical analysis of already accepted dogmas. Instead, he argued, we should rise above the level of the classical philosophers. We should make our ...
... argued against the medieval reverence for classical authorities, such as Aristotle, and against the then conventional method of gaining knowledge by mere logical analysis of already accepted dogmas. Instead, he argued, we should rise above the level of the classical philosophers. We should make our ...
Negative frequency-dependent selection is frequently confounding
... explained by negative frequency-dependent selection, where genetic diversity is maintained when a variant becomes disadvantageous as it becomes more frequent, and polymorphisms that are more accurately explained by other process. Numerous ecological interactions can result in a selective advantage f ...
... explained by negative frequency-dependent selection, where genetic diversity is maintained when a variant becomes disadvantageous as it becomes more frequent, and polymorphisms that are more accurately explained by other process. Numerous ecological interactions can result in a selective advantage f ...
Negative frequency-dependent selection is frequently
... explained by negative frequency-dependent selection, where genetic diversity is maintained when a variant becomes disadvantageous as it becomes more frequent, and polymorphisms that are more accurately explained by other process. Numerous ecological interactions can result in a selective advantage f ...
... explained by negative frequency-dependent selection, where genetic diversity is maintained when a variant becomes disadvantageous as it becomes more frequent, and polymorphisms that are more accurately explained by other process. Numerous ecological interactions can result in a selective advantage f ...
Sexual selection
Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection where typically members of one gender choose mates of the other gender to mate with, called intersexual selection, and where females normally do the choosing, and competition between members of the same gender to sexually reproduce with members of the opposite sex, called intrasexual selection. These two forms of selection mean that some individuals have better reproductive success than others within a population either from being sexier or preferring sexier partners to produce offspring. For instance in the breeding season sexual selection in frogs occurs with the males first gathering at the water's edge and croaking. The females then arrive and choose the males with the deepest croaks and best territories. Generalizing, males benefit from frequent mating and monopolizing access to a group of fertile females. Females have a limited number of offspring they can have and they maximize the return on the energy they invest in reproduction.First articulated by Charles Darwin who described it as driving speciation and that many organisms had evolved features whose function was deleterious to their individual survival, and then developed by Ronald Fisher in the early 20th century. Sexual selection can lead typically males to extreme efforts to demonstrate their fitness to be chosen by females, producing secondary sexual characteristics, such as ornate bird tails like the peacock plumage, or the antlers of deer, or the manes of lions, caused by a positive feedback mechanism known as a Fisherian runaway, where the passing on of the desire for a trait in one sex is as important as having the trait in the other sex in producing the runaway effect. Although the sexy son hypothesis indicates that females would prefer male sons, Fisher's principle explains why the sex ratio is 1:1 almost without exception. Sexual selection is also found in plants and fungi.The maintenance of sexual reproduction in a highly competitive world has long been one of the major mysteries of biology given that asexual reproduction can reproduce much more quickly as 50% of offspring are not males, unable to produce offspring themselves. However, research published in 2015 indicates that sexual selection can explain the persistence of sexual reproduction.