University of Groningen Sexual problems in elderly male and female
... a partner.9 Considering the demographic characteristics of HF patients in daily practice, in which 50% are women and 30e50% are living alone,10e12 more in-depth information is needed on the problems of both female and male patients and patients with or without a partner. At the same time it is known ...
... a partner.9 Considering the demographic characteristics of HF patients in daily practice, in which 50% are women and 30e50% are living alone,10e12 more in-depth information is needed on the problems of both female and male patients and patients with or without a partner. At the same time it is known ...
Ch14
... NATURAL VARIATION is present in the population. Some traits will give an individual an ADVANTAGE over others, making them more FIT to the ENVIRONMENT. Greater FITNESS means more OFFSPRING. Those genes will be passed on, while those that are not as FIT to the environment will not be PASSED ON..** ...
... NATURAL VARIATION is present in the population. Some traits will give an individual an ADVANTAGE over others, making them more FIT to the ENVIRONMENT. Greater FITNESS means more OFFSPRING. Those genes will be passed on, while those that are not as FIT to the environment will not be PASSED ON..** ...
12. Evolutionary Theory
... change. With Lyell, he saw that the history of Earth and its life covered a vast amount of time. From his observations of animal breeding, he recognized that even within species, individuals showed variation in traits, and that the variations could be passed to offspring. Recalling Malthus, he knew ...
... change. With Lyell, he saw that the history of Earth and its life covered a vast amount of time. From his observations of animal breeding, he recognized that even within species, individuals showed variation in traits, and that the variations could be passed to offspring. Recalling Malthus, he knew ...
Senescence as an Adaptation to Limit the Spread of
... The genetics and phenomenology of senescence suggest the hallmarks of an adaptation; but the effect of senescence on individual fitness is negative, so theorists have preferred to regard it as a non-adaptive byproduct of selection. We ask whether the possibility that senescence is an adaptation in i ...
... The genetics and phenomenology of senescence suggest the hallmarks of an adaptation; but the effect of senescence on individual fitness is negative, so theorists have preferred to regard it as a non-adaptive byproduct of selection. We ask whether the possibility that senescence is an adaptation in i ...
The speed of ecological speciation
... generations. Linkage disequilibrium then builds up between traits influencing adaptation and traits influencing mate choice – because hybrids have low fitness owing to their lack of adaptation to either parental environment. Almost perfect assortative mating can arise in a few hundred generations, e ...
... generations. Linkage disequilibrium then builds up between traits influencing adaptation and traits influencing mate choice – because hybrids have low fitness owing to their lack of adaptation to either parental environment. Almost perfect assortative mating can arise in a few hundred generations, e ...
Natural Selection - Battle of the Beak
... Answers may vary; however, it is most likely that the spoon was the easiest to use and the average number of food items picked up with the spoon is the highest. 3. Do some utensils perform better than others? If these utensils represent different beak types, which “beak” type (i.e., utensil) has the ...
... Answers may vary; however, it is most likely that the spoon was the easiest to use and the average number of food items picked up with the spoon is the highest. 3. Do some utensils perform better than others? If these utensils represent different beak types, which “beak” type (i.e., utensil) has the ...
Sexual Misconduct and Enactment
... the process that sustains the projection, and a “complementarity of projections—both participants project.” The authors note the inevitability of characterologic “hooks” in both patient and therapist. This increasing recognition of the therapist’s participation is essential in the extension of the c ...
... the process that sustains the projection, and a “complementarity of projections—both participants project.” The authors note the inevitability of characterologic “hooks” in both patient and therapist. This increasing recognition of the therapist’s participation is essential in the extension of the c ...
Soft and hard selection on plant defence traits in Arabidopsis thaliana
... spatially heterogeneous environments. At one end of the spectrum, population regulation can be local – for example, plant populations that are regulated within individual patches. At the other end of the spectrum, population regulation can be global – for example, plant populations that are regulate ...
... spatially heterogeneous environments. At one end of the spectrum, population regulation can be local – for example, plant populations that are regulated within individual patches. At the other end of the spectrum, population regulation can be global – for example, plant populations that are regulate ...
The Corruption of Scientific Theory: Darwinism and Nazi
... and rearing the largest number of offspring” (Darwin and Wilson 1247). Darwin recognized that “important as the struggle for existence has been and even still is, yet as far as the highest part of man’s nature is concerned there are other agencies more important” (Darwin and Wilson 1247). Darwin de ...
... and rearing the largest number of offspring” (Darwin and Wilson 1247). Darwin recognized that “important as the struggle for existence has been and even still is, yet as far as the highest part of man’s nature is concerned there are other agencies more important” (Darwin and Wilson 1247). Darwin de ...
Evolutionary Theory
... Darwin noticed that many mechanisms seemed to threaten survival, such as the peacock’s elaborate plumage and the stag’s large antlers Darwin proposed evolution by sexual selection as solution—these traits evolved because they contributed to an individual’s mating success ...
... Darwin noticed that many mechanisms seemed to threaten survival, such as the peacock’s elaborate plumage and the stag’s large antlers Darwin proposed evolution by sexual selection as solution—these traits evolved because they contributed to an individual’s mating success ...
Effects of the Ordering of Natural Selection and Population
... We explore the effect of different mechanisms of natural selection on the evolution of populations for one- and two-locus systems. We compare the effect of viability and fecundity selection in the context of the Wright-Fisher model with selection under the assumption of multiplicative fitness. We sh ...
... We explore the effect of different mechanisms of natural selection on the evolution of populations for one- and two-locus systems. We compare the effect of viability and fecundity selection in the context of the Wright-Fisher model with selection under the assumption of multiplicative fitness. We sh ...
Darwin would have loved DNA: celebrating Darwin 200
... stripes and other quagga-like characters (Morton 1821). To Darwin, this was an important case study ‘plainly showing the influence of the first male on the progeny subsequently borne by the mother to other males’ (even though foals with ‘zebrine’ stripes could occasionally appear from a cross betwee ...
... stripes and other quagga-like characters (Morton 1821). To Darwin, this was an important case study ‘plainly showing the influence of the first male on the progeny subsequently borne by the mother to other males’ (even though foals with ‘zebrine’ stripes could occasionally appear from a cross betwee ...
Evolutionary Biology, Quantitative Genetics, and (maybe) Biophysics
... Some reasons I initially became interested in evolutionary cell biology of spindles: 1) What aspects of the spindle are “important”? 2) Why are spindles in different organisms different? 3) How to combine cellular biophysics with evolutionary cell biology? Brian Charlesworth in a book review of The ...
... Some reasons I initially became interested in evolutionary cell biology of spindles: 1) What aspects of the spindle are “important”? 2) Why are spindles in different organisms different? 3) How to combine cellular biophysics with evolutionary cell biology? Brian Charlesworth in a book review of The ...
Lecture PPT - Carol Lee Lab - University of Wisconsin–Madison
... • Collections to study later • Exposed Darwin to geological formations, fossils embedded in strata – animals that no longer exist today and are clearly extinct – this was known, but Darwin got to see this himself • Exposure to animal diversity, related populations within species living in different ...
... • Collections to study later • Exposed Darwin to geological formations, fossils embedded in strata – animals that no longer exist today and are clearly extinct – this was known, but Darwin got to see this himself • Exposure to animal diversity, related populations within species living in different ...
Proceedings of the Pittsburgh Workshop in History - Philsci
... generational time, but our best theories of these processes differ in that theories of selection can predict the direction, as well as rate, of cross-generational change, while our theories of drift can predict only the rate, but not the direction, of such change. That, and only that, is what is mea ...
... generational time, but our best theories of these processes differ in that theories of selection can predict the direction, as well as rate, of cross-generational change, while our theories of drift can predict only the rate, but not the direction, of such change. That, and only that, is what is mea ...
Considerations for a Better Definition of Male Orgasmic Disorder
... phase. The clinicians should take into account the patient’s age and whether the stimulation is adequate in focus, intensity, and duration. The disturbance must cause marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. The orgasmic dysfunction is not better accounted for by another axis I disorder (except a ...
... phase. The clinicians should take into account the patient’s age and whether the stimulation is adequate in focus, intensity, and duration. The disturbance must cause marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. The orgasmic dysfunction is not better accounted for by another axis I disorder (except a ...
Unit 6 Portfolio
... These examples illustrate how, over time, an adaptive heritable trait tends to become more common in a population. Because the trait is adaptive, individuals with this trait generally produce more offspring. Because the trait is heritable, offspring generally have the same trait as their parents. Th ...
... These examples illustrate how, over time, an adaptive heritable trait tends to become more common in a population. Because the trait is adaptive, individuals with this trait generally produce more offspring. Because the trait is heritable, offspring generally have the same trait as their parents. Th ...
Current hypotheses for the evolution of sex and recombination
... This review will give an overview of each of these theories and their ability to explain the prevalence of sex. Although there exist realistic scenarios under which each hypothesis could explain the evolution of costly sex, none have managed to provide a sufficient explanation as to why costly sex i ...
... This review will give an overview of each of these theories and their ability to explain the prevalence of sex. Although there exist realistic scenarios under which each hypothesis could explain the evolution of costly sex, none have managed to provide a sufficient explanation as to why costly sex i ...
Translating “natural selection”
... Cross 1996) have considered his lectures and this book as a milestone in the introduction of Darwin to Japan. After this first introduction, the idea of evolution thrived in Japan and was accepted broadly and rapidly as an established theory among both laymen and specialists, without any strong resi ...
... Cross 1996) have considered his lectures and this book as a milestone in the introduction of Darwin to Japan. After this first introduction, the idea of evolution thrived in Japan and was accepted broadly and rapidly as an established theory among both laymen and specialists, without any strong resi ...
(2015). Human Mate Choice, Evolution of. In
... 2008). Although men might produce fewer offspring by not having multiple partners, they could still increase their reproductive success by producing high-quality offspring who would not only be likely to survive but who eventually would be highly sought after as mates. Additionally, regardless of of ...
... 2008). Although men might produce fewer offspring by not having multiple partners, they could still increase their reproductive success by producing high-quality offspring who would not only be likely to survive but who eventually would be highly sought after as mates. Additionally, regardless of of ...
how does stress affect the strength of selection on
... We will conclude that genetic and environmental stresses are conceptually similar and that there is little evidence that either type of stress typically increases selection. In this contribution, we will use s to refer to the selection coefficient against a deleterious allele. More precisely s is th ...
... We will conclude that genetic and environmental stresses are conceptually similar and that there is little evidence that either type of stress typically increases selection. In this contribution, we will use s to refer to the selection coefficient against a deleterious allele. More precisely s is th ...
Stephen Jay Gould on species selection: 30 years of insight
... species sorting involving differential extinction in one of two sister groups. Take, for example, two sister clades, X and Y, where the species in X have, as a species-level character, monomorphism in one or more habitat-related characters; further, and as a result, clade X has a higher extinction r ...
... species sorting involving differential extinction in one of two sister groups. Take, for example, two sister clades, X and Y, where the species in X have, as a species-level character, monomorphism in one or more habitat-related characters; further, and as a result, clade X has a higher extinction r ...
How Can Evolutionary Psychology Successfully Explain Personality
... dishonest signals. Costly signaling theory provides an evolutionary framework for understanding some forms of individual differences (McAndrew, 2002; Miller, 2000, 2007; Zahavi, 2006). Costly signals tend to be honest signals (Zahavi, 1975, 2006). Only those in the best condition, be it physical, ec ...
... dishonest signals. Costly signaling theory provides an evolutionary framework for understanding some forms of individual differences (McAndrew, 2002; Miller, 2000, 2007; Zahavi, 2006). Costly signals tend to be honest signals (Zahavi, 1975, 2006). Only those in the best condition, be it physical, ec ...
in the Nesospiza bunting species complex and its sister
... (MHCIIβ) ensures the binding of a large number of conformationally different peptides [8]. The PBR of MHC molecules is involved in antigen recognition and as such may be under strong balancing selection when compared with the non-PBR sites [14]. Although the major driving force behind MHC diversity ...
... (MHCIIβ) ensures the binding of a large number of conformationally different peptides [8]. The PBR of MHC molecules is involved in antigen recognition and as such may be under strong balancing selection when compared with the non-PBR sites [14]. Although the major driving force behind MHC diversity ...
Psychodynamics of Hypersexuality in Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder Stewart Adelson
... behavior. For example, a study of day care providers demonstrated that 4- to 6-year-olds imitate sexual behaviors they see or hear about (Phipps-Yonas, Yonas, Turner, & Kamper, 1993). In addition, children’s sexual behavior may be correlated with the sexual behavior of family members, including many ...
... behavior. For example, a study of day care providers demonstrated that 4- to 6-year-olds imitate sexual behaviors they see or hear about (Phipps-Yonas, Yonas, Turner, & Kamper, 1993). In addition, children’s sexual behavior may be correlated with the sexual behavior of family members, including many ...
Sexual selection
Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection where typically members of one gender choose mates of the other gender to mate with, called intersexual selection, and where females normally do the choosing, and competition between members of the same gender to sexually reproduce with members of the opposite sex, called intrasexual selection. These two forms of selection mean that some individuals have better reproductive success than others within a population either from being sexier or preferring sexier partners to produce offspring. For instance in the breeding season sexual selection in frogs occurs with the males first gathering at the water's edge and croaking. The females then arrive and choose the males with the deepest croaks and best territories. Generalizing, males benefit from frequent mating and monopolizing access to a group of fertile females. Females have a limited number of offspring they can have and they maximize the return on the energy they invest in reproduction.First articulated by Charles Darwin who described it as driving speciation and that many organisms had evolved features whose function was deleterious to their individual survival, and then developed by Ronald Fisher in the early 20th century. Sexual selection can lead typically males to extreme efforts to demonstrate their fitness to be chosen by females, producing secondary sexual characteristics, such as ornate bird tails like the peacock plumage, or the antlers of deer, or the manes of lions, caused by a positive feedback mechanism known as a Fisherian runaway, where the passing on of the desire for a trait in one sex is as important as having the trait in the other sex in producing the runaway effect. Although the sexy son hypothesis indicates that females would prefer male sons, Fisher's principle explains why the sex ratio is 1:1 almost without exception. Sexual selection is also found in plants and fungi.The maintenance of sexual reproduction in a highly competitive world has long been one of the major mysteries of biology given that asexual reproduction can reproduce much more quickly as 50% of offspring are not males, unable to produce offspring themselves. However, research published in 2015 indicates that sexual selection can explain the persistence of sexual reproduction.