Natural selection-the Making of the Fittest
... • Natural selection is differential success in reproduction (unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce). • Natural selection occurs through an interaction between the environment and the variability inherent among the individual organisms making up a population. • The product of natura ...
... • Natural selection is differential success in reproduction (unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce). • Natural selection occurs through an interaction between the environment and the variability inherent among the individual organisms making up a population. • The product of natura ...
The Trials of Life: Natural Selection and Random Drift*
... forces can be decomposed into component forces and some of these identified as the sources of “error.” The second is that to the extent that our predictions and explanations contain an error term, this is a reflection of our ignorance of the forces involved. Once we know about the forces causing the ...
... forces can be decomposed into component forces and some of these identified as the sources of “error.” The second is that to the extent that our predictions and explanations contain an error term, this is a reflection of our ignorance of the forces involved. Once we know about the forces causing the ...
Notes to Instructors Answers
... needed to evolve (some structure or capability)”? One slip of the tongue like this can undo volumes of evidence. As a result, we need to be very careful and very precise in how we express evolutionary ideas. If we find ourselves saying, “this organism needed to evolve . . . ,” we must immediately co ...
... needed to evolve (some structure or capability)”? One slip of the tongue like this can undo volumes of evidence. As a result, we need to be very careful and very precise in how we express evolutionary ideas. If we find ourselves saying, “this organism needed to evolve . . . ,” we must immediately co ...
14 - Darwin Presents His Case
... survive, and many that do survive do not reproduce. Because more organisms are produced than can survive, they compete for limited resources. Slide 31 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
... survive, and many that do survive do not reproduce. Because more organisms are produced than can survive, they compete for limited resources. Slide 31 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
Deciphering the genetic basis of animal domestication
... differential selection across populations. This approach originated in the days when genetic markers were limited and sparse, and the focus was on specific markers [16,17], but in the current environment of dense, genome-wide markers for many species, genome scans of differentiation have become a vi ...
... differential selection across populations. This approach originated in the days when genetic markers were limited and sparse, and the focus was on specific markers [16,17], but in the current environment of dense, genome-wide markers for many species, genome scans of differentiation have become a vi ...
Treatment of Transvestic Fetishism With Fluoxetine: A Case Report
... clothes and masturbated in it. For this purpose, he stole a complete set of his mother’s clothes. He has been wearing the clothes secretly for the past 2 years solely for the purpose of pleasure. Recently he was caught by the parents while wearing the clothes and masturbating and then beaten by the ...
... clothes and masturbated in it. For this purpose, he stole a complete set of his mother’s clothes. He has been wearing the clothes secretly for the past 2 years solely for the purpose of pleasure. Recently he was caught by the parents while wearing the clothes and masturbating and then beaten by the ...
The evolution of song in female birds in Europe
... the presence of female song in European passerines, which were then analyzed in a phylogenetic context. We tested the idea that female singing behavior might be ancestral (Riebel et al. 2005) and that absence not presence of song is a derived trait (i.e., that selection has driven females to give up ...
... the presence of female song in European passerines, which were then analyzed in a phylogenetic context. We tested the idea that female singing behavior might be ancestral (Riebel et al. 2005) and that absence not presence of song is a derived trait (i.e., that selection has driven females to give up ...
Myth as Therapy: The Usefulness of Thrymskavidtha
... 8,5-8), and in normal social practice a woman was 'given away' by a male relative (a detail that survives in wedding ritual even today).(n44) Even stranger is the fact that although the gods apparently hope to regain the hammer, no one who might be expected to return to Asgardr after the 'wedding' i ...
... 8,5-8), and in normal social practice a woman was 'given away' by a male relative (a detail that survives in wedding ritual even today).(n44) Even stranger is the fact that although the gods apparently hope to regain the hammer, no one who might be expected to return to Asgardr after the 'wedding' i ...
Artificial Selection and Domestication: Modern Lessons from
... Zohary 2004), but fundamentally this involves a process ...
... Zohary 2004), but fundamentally this involves a process ...
Artificial selection shifts flowering phenology and other correlated
... Artificial selection on flowering time was based on the number of days from the end of the vernalization treatment to first flower. For each base population, the earliest flowering 20% (E), the latest flowering 20% (L) and a random control group 20% (C) were used to produce six selection lines: one ...
... Artificial selection on flowering time was based on the number of days from the end of the vernalization treatment to first flower. For each base population, the earliest flowering 20% (E), the latest flowering 20% (L) and a random control group 20% (C) were used to produce six selection lines: one ...
Selection experiments: an under-utilized tool in
... observe fundamental changes in both phenotypic and genetic architecture, which can then be attributed to past selection that has occurred in a relatively well-defined manner (as compared with what occurs in nature). Finally, they allow one to determine whether potential constraints imposed by the in ...
... observe fundamental changes in both phenotypic and genetic architecture, which can then be attributed to past selection that has occurred in a relatively well-defined manner (as compared with what occurs in nature). Finally, they allow one to determine whether potential constraints imposed by the in ...
Hebephilia Is Not a Mental Disorder in DSM-IV
... Furthermore, the parenthetical phrase (generally 13 years or younger) modifying the word children has been used in some SVP commitment cases to argue that a sexual offense against any 13-year-old would qualify under the diagnosis of pedophilia, regardless of whether the child is pubescent. As is oft ...
... Furthermore, the parenthetical phrase (generally 13 years or younger) modifying the word children has been used in some SVP commitment cases to argue that a sexual offense against any 13-year-old would qualify under the diagnosis of pedophilia, regardless of whether the child is pubescent. As is oft ...
PatMat5_MW_2014_12_10_arc - Kings College
... represents the scientific maverick. He proves that macroevolution by natural selection was, in principle, an idea open to anyone who could join the dots. Natural selection is uniquely amenable to being deduced in this way (Item 12 of Table 1). The axioms required for natural selection to be true are ...
... represents the scientific maverick. He proves that macroevolution by natural selection was, in principle, an idea open to anyone who could join the dots. Natural selection is uniquely amenable to being deduced in this way (Item 12 of Table 1). The axioms required for natural selection to be true are ...
History of Genetics
... activity, and of delivering down these improvements by generation to its posterity, world without end! The implication for biology is clear. The term “First Cause” derives from one of the arguments ma ...
... activity, and of delivering down these improvements by generation to its posterity, world without end! The implication for biology is clear. The term “First Cause” derives from one of the arguments ma ...
philosophy of biology - Carol Eunmi LEE
... Similarly, a trait in a population can have a viability fitness of 0.5 even though its census size is not cut precisely in half in the passage from egg to adult. And we say that the probability that heterozygote parents will produce a heterozygote offspring is 0.5 even though we know that some such ...
... Similarly, a trait in a population can have a viability fitness of 0.5 even though its census size is not cut precisely in half in the passage from egg to adult. And we say that the probability that heterozygote parents will produce a heterozygote offspring is 0.5 even though we know that some such ...
Ideas That Shaped Darwin`s Thinking
... Darwin realized that Malthus’s reasoning applied even more to other organisms than it did to humans. A maple tree can produce thousands of seeds each summer. One oyster can produce millions of eggs each year. If all the descendants of almost any species survived for several generations, they would o ...
... Darwin realized that Malthus’s reasoning applied even more to other organisms than it did to humans. A maple tree can produce thousands of seeds each summer. One oyster can produce millions of eggs each year. If all the descendants of almost any species survived for several generations, they would o ...
16-2
... Darwin realized that Malthus’s reasoning applied even more to other organisms than it did to humans. A maple tree can produce thousands of seeds each summer. One oyster can produce millions of eggs each year. If all the descendants of almost any species survived for several generations, they would o ...
... Darwin realized that Malthus’s reasoning applied even more to other organisms than it did to humans. A maple tree can produce thousands of seeds each summer. One oyster can produce millions of eggs each year. If all the descendants of almost any species survived for several generations, they would o ...
Please address all correspondence to senior author
... The term drift is routinely applied to a disparate array of phenomena. These include: (i) Sewall Wright Effect : Large populations are often subdivided into smaller subpopulations. As a consequence, the changes in trait frequencies within a population, when summed over the population as a whole are ...
... The term drift is routinely applied to a disparate array of phenomena. These include: (i) Sewall Wright Effect : Large populations are often subdivided into smaller subpopulations. As a consequence, the changes in trait frequencies within a population, when summed over the population as a whole are ...
A Study of the Second Digit to Forth Digit Ratio targeting Taekwondo
... The factors affecting the athletic performance of athletes vary including physiological variables. It is known that, where gender difference is taken into account, females have more advantageous physical qualities than males in enhancing athletic performance, because the patterns of testosterone sec ...
... The factors affecting the athletic performance of athletes vary including physiological variables. It is known that, where gender difference is taken into account, females have more advantageous physical qualities than males in enhancing athletic performance, because the patterns of testosterone sec ...
Making of the Modern World
... • He rejected the positivist tenet that the methods of the pure or natural sciences provided an exclusive standard for arriving at genuine or legitimate knowledge. • His critique concentrated instead upon the fundamental point of reference that had grounded and guided inquiry in the human sciences: ...
... • He rejected the positivist tenet that the methods of the pure or natural sciences provided an exclusive standard for arriving at genuine or legitimate knowledge. • His critique concentrated instead upon the fundamental point of reference that had grounded and guided inquiry in the human sciences: ...
Charles Darwin – A Biography Before the 19th century, scholars
... clearly motivated Darwin to quickly put his own ideas into print. His book, called On the Origin of Species, appeared in 1859. The introduction stated Darwin’s main idea: As many more individuals of each species are born than can possibly survive; and as, consequently, there is a frequently recurrin ...
... clearly motivated Darwin to quickly put his own ideas into print. His book, called On the Origin of Species, appeared in 1859. The introduction stated Darwin’s main idea: As many more individuals of each species are born than can possibly survive; and as, consequently, there is a frequently recurrin ...
peppered moth survey
... EQ: Why do horses have hooves? Why do some diseases become resistant to treatment? ...
... EQ: Why do horses have hooves? Why do some diseases become resistant to treatment? ...
Motivation And Emotion
... they do. Motivated behavior is energized, directed, and sustained. There is no shortage of theories about why organisms are motivated to do what they do. The following are the main approaches: • Evolutionary approach. Early in psychology’s history, the evolutionary approach emphasized the role of in ...
... they do. Motivated behavior is energized, directed, and sustained. There is no shortage of theories about why organisms are motivated to do what they do. The following are the main approaches: • Evolutionary approach. Early in psychology’s history, the evolutionary approach emphasized the role of in ...
The Strength of Phenotypic Selection in Natural
... a result, a single study may contribute more than one record to the database (see tables 1, 2). The process of assembling the database proceeded in four steps. First, an initial reviewer was assigned to part or all of each target journal; a total of 15 reviewers were involved. Each reviewer surveyed ...
... a result, a single study may contribute more than one record to the database (see tables 1, 2). The process of assembling the database proceeded in four steps. First, an initial reviewer was assigned to part or all of each target journal; a total of 15 reviewers were involved. Each reviewer surveyed ...
PDF sample
... argument in the Origin of Species. The two big ideas in Darwin's theory are common ancestry and natural selection. Why did Darwin put selection first and foremost in the Origin and allow his views about common ancestry to emerge only gradually and as a secondary theme? This is a question about Darwi ...
... argument in the Origin of Species. The two big ideas in Darwin's theory are common ancestry and natural selection. Why did Darwin put selection first and foremost in the Origin and allow his views about common ancestry to emerge only gradually and as a secondary theme? This is a question about Darwi ...
Sexual selection
Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection where typically members of one gender choose mates of the other gender to mate with, called intersexual selection, and where females normally do the choosing, and competition between members of the same gender to sexually reproduce with members of the opposite sex, called intrasexual selection. These two forms of selection mean that some individuals have better reproductive success than others within a population either from being sexier or preferring sexier partners to produce offspring. For instance in the breeding season sexual selection in frogs occurs with the males first gathering at the water's edge and croaking. The females then arrive and choose the males with the deepest croaks and best territories. Generalizing, males benefit from frequent mating and monopolizing access to a group of fertile females. Females have a limited number of offspring they can have and they maximize the return on the energy they invest in reproduction.First articulated by Charles Darwin who described it as driving speciation and that many organisms had evolved features whose function was deleterious to their individual survival, and then developed by Ronald Fisher in the early 20th century. Sexual selection can lead typically males to extreme efforts to demonstrate their fitness to be chosen by females, producing secondary sexual characteristics, such as ornate bird tails like the peacock plumage, or the antlers of deer, or the manes of lions, caused by a positive feedback mechanism known as a Fisherian runaway, where the passing on of the desire for a trait in one sex is as important as having the trait in the other sex in producing the runaway effect. Although the sexy son hypothesis indicates that females would prefer male sons, Fisher's principle explains why the sex ratio is 1:1 almost without exception. Sexual selection is also found in plants and fungi.The maintenance of sexual reproduction in a highly competitive world has long been one of the major mysteries of biology given that asexual reproduction can reproduce much more quickly as 50% of offspring are not males, unable to produce offspring themselves. However, research published in 2015 indicates that sexual selection can explain the persistence of sexual reproduction.