module 3 - Berghahn Books
... wrong). But this is certainly not the case with Darwin who emerges as a towering figure, comparable only to Copernicus, Galileo and Newton. Darwin as a scapegoat So, I have come to praise Darwin, not to bury him. He was indeed a child of his time: nobody can deny that. Shakespeare warned us that ‘Th ...
... wrong). But this is certainly not the case with Darwin who emerges as a towering figure, comparable only to Copernicus, Galileo and Newton. Darwin as a scapegoat So, I have come to praise Darwin, not to bury him. He was indeed a child of his time: nobody can deny that. Shakespeare warned us that ‘Th ...
Reduced learning ability as a consequence of - Serval
... necessitate greater allocation of energy and resources to the sensory and neural structures responsible for the acquisition, processing, storage, and retrieval of information, thus leaving less available for the maintenance of other somatic tissue, for growth, immune response, or reproduction (Dukas ...
... necessitate greater allocation of energy and resources to the sensory and neural structures responsible for the acquisition, processing, storage, and retrieval of information, thus leaving less available for the maintenance of other somatic tissue, for growth, immune response, or reproduction (Dukas ...
Unit 3 Revision – critical opinions Rapture and
... this danger is heightened by Duffy's recurrent use of certain images: stone, moon, charm, star, heart, gift, trees, bones. But actually, contrarily, the book works cumulatively, and the poems take on the strange power of charms, spells, incantations. ...
... this danger is heightened by Duffy's recurrent use of certain images: stone, moon, charm, star, heart, gift, trees, bones. But actually, contrarily, the book works cumulatively, and the poems take on the strange power of charms, spells, incantations. ...
The impact of sex education on the sexual
... education than ever before, but also seek to work before marrying, entry into marriage or cohabitation with a stable partner is occurring at later ages than in the past. At the same time, the evidence indicates that children are entering puberty earlier than decades ago, probably because of improved ...
... education than ever before, but also seek to work before marrying, entry into marriage or cohabitation with a stable partner is occurring at later ages than in the past. At the same time, the evidence indicates that children are entering puberty earlier than decades ago, probably because of improved ...
The Relationship Between Childhood Conflicts and Adult Depression
... experiences (Allen, 1995; Davis, 1996; Davis & Frawley, 1994; Herman, 1992; Rogers, 1995). ...
... experiences (Allen, 1995; Davis, 1996; Davis & Frawley, 1994; Herman, 1992; Rogers, 1995). ...
The Nature and Units of Social Selection
... selection. As previously noted, the elimination of business organisations through bankruptcy is a very common example of subset selection at the social level. Through elimination of entities, subset selection also shapes the properties of populations of biological replicators, such as genes, and soc ...
... selection. As previously noted, the elimination of business organisations through bankruptcy is a very common example of subset selection at the social level. Through elimination of entities, subset selection also shapes the properties of populations of biological replicators, such as genes, and soc ...
1. Evolution, fitness and adaptations The ability of humans to
... material world can, I suggest, legitimately be thought of as biological and evolutionary in origin; further, that those origins profoundly inform how that ability works today; and I propose that this ability can be described as an adaptation, or more properly, as a suite of inter-connecting adaptati ...
... material world can, I suggest, legitimately be thought of as biological and evolutionary in origin; further, that those origins profoundly inform how that ability works today; and I propose that this ability can be described as an adaptation, or more properly, as a suite of inter-connecting adaptati ...
Lewontin on definition of fitness
... mediating natural properties are qualitatively different. In this explanatory scheme the property of fitness plays an ambiguous role, appearing both in the explanandum and in the explanans. What is to be explained is the origin of the marvelous fit between the natural properties of the individuals t ...
... mediating natural properties are qualitatively different. In this explanatory scheme the property of fitness plays an ambiguous role, appearing both in the explanandum and in the explanans. What is to be explained is the origin of the marvelous fit between the natural properties of the individuals t ...
Problems for Natural Selection as a Mechanism
... of natural selection and advises against further attempts. The analysis of how to represent natural selection is historically and practically as well as philosophically motivated. In the first edition of Origin, Darwin explicitly calls natural selection an action (1859/1964, 90, 108, 129, 133, 211), ...
... of natural selection and advises against further attempts. The analysis of how to represent natural selection is historically and practically as well as philosophically motivated. In the first edition of Origin, Darwin explicitly calls natural selection an action (1859/1964, 90, 108, 129, 133, 211), ...
Pryor, Oyler, Odom - North American Business Press
... According to Bloomberg Business Week (2002), “Greed, hypercompetitiveness, isolation, and more have pushed too many top execs to cross the line without fear of consequences.” The title of the article, “If only CEO Meant Chief Ethics Officer,” seems to commiserate with those of us who expect ethical ...
... According to Bloomberg Business Week (2002), “Greed, hypercompetitiveness, isolation, and more have pushed too many top execs to cross the line without fear of consequences.” The title of the article, “If only CEO Meant Chief Ethics Officer,” seems to commiserate with those of us who expect ethical ...
Speciation
... • Island species need large area for allopatric speciation to occur • Widely distributed species may become fragmented into allopatric populations if the habitat becomes fragmented by climate changes ...
... • Island species need large area for allopatric speciation to occur • Widely distributed species may become fragmented into allopatric populations if the habitat becomes fragmented by climate changes ...
Lesson Overview
... Fitness describes how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment. Individuals with adaptations that are well-suited to their environment can survive and reproduce and are said to have high fitness. Individuals with characteristics that are not well-suited to their environment eith ...
... Fitness describes how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment. Individuals with adaptations that are well-suited to their environment can survive and reproduce and are said to have high fitness. Individuals with characteristics that are not well-suited to their environment eith ...
Document
... Evolution can occur through natural selection • Natural selection – advantageous traits – survival – reproductive success • Q: What environmental conditions favor the growth of evergreens more than deciduous ...
... Evolution can occur through natural selection • Natural selection – advantageous traits – survival – reproductive success • Q: What environmental conditions favor the growth of evergreens more than deciduous ...
The effect of learning on the evolution of new courtship behavior: A
... a verbal scenario under which individual learning of a courtship trait might expedite the evolution of a novel courtship trait under pre-existing female sensory bias. The present study uses individual-based simulation model to verify the verbal model proposed by Kawecki (2013), study the conditions ...
... a verbal scenario under which individual learning of a courtship trait might expedite the evolution of a novel courtship trait under pre-existing female sensory bias. The present study uses individual-based simulation model to verify the verbal model proposed by Kawecki (2013), study the conditions ...
Chapter 13
... • Natural selection is a process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than are individuals with other characteristics. • As a result of natural selection, a population, a group of individuals of the same species living in the same place a ...
... • Natural selection is a process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than are individuals with other characteristics. • As a result of natural selection, a population, a group of individuals of the same species living in the same place a ...
The Evolution of Intergenerational Discounting in Offspring Quality
... predicted the best clutch size for any given relationship between the two (an analytical model was provided by Lloyd [1987]). However, the fitness term must account for long-lasting consequences of the offspring’s developmental conditions shaped by the parental reproductive strategy (maternal effect ...
... predicted the best clutch size for any given relationship between the two (an analytical model was provided by Lloyd [1987]). However, the fitness term must account for long-lasting consequences of the offspring’s developmental conditions shaped by the parental reproductive strategy (maternal effect ...
Review Mitonuclear Ecology - Oxford Academic
... of a few dozen mt genes has enormous implications for the evolution of complex life (Lane 2005). The need for the mitochondrion to have its own genome has played a key role in the evolution of some of the most fundamental features of eukaryotes including sex, death, mate choice, pace of life, specia ...
... of a few dozen mt genes has enormous implications for the evolution of complex life (Lane 2005). The need for the mitochondrion to have its own genome has played a key role in the evolution of some of the most fundamental features of eukaryotes including sex, death, mate choice, pace of life, specia ...
On the Evolution of Premating Isolation after a Founder Event
... 1984). In the Hawaiian archipelago, most species of Drosophila are endemic to a single island (Carson 1982). The evidence from geology, chromosomal inversion patterns, and prevailing winds suggests that the majority of speciation events occurred after colonization of a new island that had recently b ...
... 1984). In the Hawaiian archipelago, most species of Drosophila are endemic to a single island (Carson 1982). The evidence from geology, chromosomal inversion patterns, and prevailing winds suggests that the majority of speciation events occurred after colonization of a new island that had recently b ...
Chapter 13
... from one another. • Postulate 2: Some differences among individuals are due to traits that may be passed from parent to offspring. • Postulate 3: Some individuals in each generation survive and reproduce successfully but others do not. • Postulate 4: The fate of individuals is not determined entirel ...
... from one another. • Postulate 2: Some differences among individuals are due to traits that may be passed from parent to offspring. • Postulate 3: Some individuals in each generation survive and reproduce successfully but others do not. • Postulate 4: The fate of individuals is not determined entirel ...
Combining the Methods of Differential and Experimental Psychology
... have a culture). The relative role of nature and nurture (and their interaction) is a complex issue worth investigating, but the logical way to conduct such an investigation is not to use complex terms like “gender” which beg these questions, but to use the scientifically-precise term “sex” which is ...
... have a culture). The relative role of nature and nurture (and their interaction) is a complex issue worth investigating, but the logical way to conduct such an investigation is not to use complex terms like “gender” which beg these questions, but to use the scientifically-precise term “sex” which is ...
Fraternal Birth Order and the Maternal Immune Hypothesis of Male
... number of older brothers, each additional older brother increasing the odds of homosexuality by approximately 33%. It has been hypothesized that this fraternal birth order effect reflects the progressive immunization of some mothers to Y-linked minor histocompatibility antigens (H-Y antigens) by eac ...
... number of older brothers, each additional older brother increasing the odds of homosexuality by approximately 33%. It has been hypothesized that this fraternal birth order effect reflects the progressive immunization of some mothers to Y-linked minor histocompatibility antigens (H-Y antigens) by eac ...
13.1 A sea voyage helped Darwin frame his theory of evolution
... • Another example of natural selection in action is the evolution of pesticide resistance in insects. • A relatively small amount of poison initially kills most of the insects, but subsequent applications are less and less effective. • The few survivors are individuals that are genetically resistant ...
... • Another example of natural selection in action is the evolution of pesticide resistance in insects. • A relatively small amount of poison initially kills most of the insects, but subsequent applications are less and less effective. • The few survivors are individuals that are genetically resistant ...
Book Reviews 103 Wertheimer`s analysis clearly
... the mechanisms that have evolved for these functions can be triggered by other stimuli. Similarly, the rods and cones of the retina have been selected for their responsiveness to light, yet they can be stimulated by pressure from a finger on a closed eyelid, a response for which they were not select ...
... the mechanisms that have evolved for these functions can be triggered by other stimuli. Similarly, the rods and cones of the retina have been selected for their responsiveness to light, yet they can be stimulated by pressure from a finger on a closed eyelid, a response for which they were not select ...
The genetic architecture of insect courtship behavior and
... enough to warrant a re-evaluation of this key question. In this review, I assess available data on the number and effect size of loci underlying behavioral courtship traits, mainly for traits involving auditory phenotypes in Drosophila and other insects. I also assess whether the same or different l ...
... enough to warrant a re-evaluation of this key question. In this review, I assess available data on the number and effect size of loci underlying behavioral courtship traits, mainly for traits involving auditory phenotypes in Drosophila and other insects. I also assess whether the same or different l ...
The geographic mosaic in predispersal interactions and selection on
... function because GLS is preferred to maximum likelihood when multivariate normality is not met (see SAS/ STAT User’s guide, SAS Institute, 1990). In any case, we stress that the adequacy of the hypothesis of our causal model is not, in fact, a major issue in this paper. Instead, our interest is to b ...
... function because GLS is preferred to maximum likelihood when multivariate normality is not met (see SAS/ STAT User’s guide, SAS Institute, 1990). In any case, we stress that the adequacy of the hypothesis of our causal model is not, in fact, a major issue in this paper. Instead, our interest is to b ...
Sexual selection
Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection where typically members of one gender choose mates of the other gender to mate with, called intersexual selection, and where females normally do the choosing, and competition between members of the same gender to sexually reproduce with members of the opposite sex, called intrasexual selection. These two forms of selection mean that some individuals have better reproductive success than others within a population either from being sexier or preferring sexier partners to produce offspring. For instance in the breeding season sexual selection in frogs occurs with the males first gathering at the water's edge and croaking. The females then arrive and choose the males with the deepest croaks and best territories. Generalizing, males benefit from frequent mating and monopolizing access to a group of fertile females. Females have a limited number of offspring they can have and they maximize the return on the energy they invest in reproduction.First articulated by Charles Darwin who described it as driving speciation and that many organisms had evolved features whose function was deleterious to their individual survival, and then developed by Ronald Fisher in the early 20th century. Sexual selection can lead typically males to extreme efforts to demonstrate their fitness to be chosen by females, producing secondary sexual characteristics, such as ornate bird tails like the peacock plumage, or the antlers of deer, or the manes of lions, caused by a positive feedback mechanism known as a Fisherian runaway, where the passing on of the desire for a trait in one sex is as important as having the trait in the other sex in producing the runaway effect. Although the sexy son hypothesis indicates that females would prefer male sons, Fisher's principle explains why the sex ratio is 1:1 almost without exception. Sexual selection is also found in plants and fungi.The maintenance of sexual reproduction in a highly competitive world has long been one of the major mysteries of biology given that asexual reproduction can reproduce much more quickly as 50% of offspring are not males, unable to produce offspring themselves. However, research published in 2015 indicates that sexual selection can explain the persistence of sexual reproduction.