Evolution of Genetic Variance-Covariance Structure
... balance of selection with other evolutionary forces. Mutation and recombination.—The potential importance of mutation and recombination in the evolution of G remain relatively unexplored. The influence of recombination is usually ignored because selection ordinarily needs to be fairly strong in orde ...
... balance of selection with other evolutionary forces. Mutation and recombination.—The potential importance of mutation and recombination in the evolution of G remain relatively unexplored. The influence of recombination is usually ignored because selection ordinarily needs to be fairly strong in orde ...
Disruptive Selection in Natural Populations: The
... A key driver of frequency-dependent fitness is intraspecific competition (Milinski and Parker 1991). Indeed, theory suggests that intraspecific competition can generate disruptive selection (Rosenzweig 1978; Wilson and Turelli 1986; Day and Young 2004; Rueffler et al. 2006). In a population that exp ...
... A key driver of frequency-dependent fitness is intraspecific competition (Milinski and Parker 1991). Indeed, theory suggests that intraspecific competition can generate disruptive selection (Rosenzweig 1978; Wilson and Turelli 1986; Day and Young 2004; Rueffler et al. 2006). In a population that exp ...
Sexting Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men: Results From
... Taken together, the diverse findings between sexting and sexual risk across studies may be attributable to the populations studied and their sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., gender, relationship status, sexual orientation). Given the noted differences by gender and sexual identity in these stu ...
... Taken together, the diverse findings between sexting and sexual risk across studies may be attributable to the populations studied and their sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., gender, relationship status, sexual orientation). Given the noted differences by gender and sexual identity in these stu ...
DETECTING CRYPTIC INDIRECT GENETIC EFFECTS
... is scaled by the interaction coefficient, ψ, which can be estimated by regressing the standardized focal phenotype on the standardized interacting partner phenotype. The elements in blue trace the IGE: an IGE will only occur if variation in genes expressed in the interacting individual (g’) has a ca ...
... is scaled by the interaction coefficient, ψ, which can be estimated by regressing the standardized focal phenotype on the standardized interacting partner phenotype. The elements in blue trace the IGE: an IGE will only occur if variation in genes expressed in the interacting individual (g’) has a ca ...
Policy against "homophobia"
... Since the inclusion of sexual orientation, in 1997, as one of the grounds on which discrimination is prohibited under Québec’s Charter of human rights and freedoms,1 the fight against discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation has led to the recognition of legal equality for the sexual minori ...
... Since the inclusion of sexual orientation, in 1997, as one of the grounds on which discrimination is prohibited under Québec’s Charter of human rights and freedoms,1 the fight against discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation has led to the recognition of legal equality for the sexual minori ...
No Slide Title
... or regret their own loss of youthfulness • Different ideas on morality often leads adults to have negative feelings toward some teenagers ...
... or regret their own loss of youthfulness • Different ideas on morality often leads adults to have negative feelings toward some teenagers ...
“Adaptation”1
... adaptedness, a concept tied much more intimately to the process of natural selection than the absolute one was. All organisms face a multitude of problems bearing on survival and reproduction. If they all vary (at least slightly) in virtually all their features, then typical organisms are not perfec ...
... adaptedness, a concept tied much more intimately to the process of natural selection than the absolute one was. All organisms face a multitude of problems bearing on survival and reproduction. If they all vary (at least slightly) in virtually all their features, then typical organisms are not perfec ...
Document
... Cross-cultural studies of such groups of people as the Inis Baeg, Pohnpeians, and Mangaians suggest that American sexual behavior is normal compared to the strange behavior of others the sexual behavior of these groups is perverted the sexual behavior of Americans may appear as strange to others as ...
... Cross-cultural studies of such groups of people as the Inis Baeg, Pohnpeians, and Mangaians suggest that American sexual behavior is normal compared to the strange behavior of others the sexual behavior of these groups is perverted the sexual behavior of Americans may appear as strange to others as ...
Chapter 3
... • Abortion is easier to obtain in some countries, most notably the Scandinavian countries, than in the United States, where abortion and adolescent sexual activity are more stigmatized. • In the U.S., 19 percent of abortions are performed on 15- to 19-year-old girls while less than 1 percent are car ...
... • Abortion is easier to obtain in some countries, most notably the Scandinavian countries, than in the United States, where abortion and adolescent sexual activity are more stigmatized. • In the U.S., 19 percent of abortions are performed on 15- to 19-year-old girls while less than 1 percent are car ...
risk-taking and adolescents` perceptions
... Adolescent sexual risk-taking, defined for this study’s purpose as a history of sexual intercourse involving either multiple partners and/or no contraceptive/condom use (Rodgers, 1999), contributes to the staggering number of sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies in the United State ...
... Adolescent sexual risk-taking, defined for this study’s purpose as a history of sexual intercourse involving either multiple partners and/or no contraceptive/condom use (Rodgers, 1999), contributes to the staggering number of sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies in the United State ...
Thermal adaptation and ecological speciation
... adaptation could pleiotropically change traits underlying behavioural mate choice. Temperature adaptation probably often relies on physiological changes involving, for example, the composition of cell membranes or the thermal stability of enzymes (e.g. Angilletta 2009). It is hard to see how such di ...
... adaptation could pleiotropically change traits underlying behavioural mate choice. Temperature adaptation probably often relies on physiological changes involving, for example, the composition of cell membranes or the thermal stability of enzymes (e.g. Angilletta 2009). It is hard to see how such di ...
On Sexual Reproduction as a New Critique of the Theory of Natural
... because they would have a long time available for making copies of themselves. Replicators of high longevity would therefore tend to become more numerous and, other things being equal, there would have been an ‘evolutionary trend’ towards greater longevity in the population of molecules. But other t ...
... because they would have a long time available for making copies of themselves. Replicators of high longevity would therefore tend to become more numerous and, other things being equal, there would have been an ‘evolutionary trend’ towards greater longevity in the population of molecules. But other t ...
(6) A Christian sexual ethic for today must be based on belief in the
... has moved the marriage commitment up a further notch in the freedom scale. However, this brings with it higher expectations of marriage. That creates a problem. People may now have these higher expectations of marriage but it does not follow automatically that they have the skills necessary to build ...
... has moved the marriage commitment up a further notch in the freedom scale. However, this brings with it higher expectations of marriage. That creates a problem. People may now have these higher expectations of marriage but it does not follow automatically that they have the skills necessary to build ...
Design for Living - Creating and Using Your home.uchicago.edu
... Ruse lingers, quite properly, a bit longer over the considerations of William Paley, William Whewell, and Immanuel Kant. Paley delighted Darwin in his student years with the logic of an argument that vaulted from the intricacies of the eye to the craft of the master eye-maker. And Whewell’s History ...
... Ruse lingers, quite properly, a bit longer over the considerations of William Paley, William Whewell, and Immanuel Kant. Paley delighted Darwin in his student years with the logic of an argument that vaulted from the intricacies of the eye to the craft of the master eye-maker. And Whewell’s History ...
Persistent versus late Onset among Female Offenders
... within society from both friends (McCarthy, Felmlee, and Hagan 2004) and family (McCarthy, Hagan, and Woodward 1999). Research supports this argument of differing levels of social control. For example, Block (1984) argues that females are more closely supervised by family than males, particularly du ...
... within society from both friends (McCarthy, Felmlee, and Hagan 2004) and family (McCarthy, Hagan, and Woodward 1999). Research supports this argument of differing levels of social control. For example, Block (1984) argues that females are more closely supervised by family than males, particularly du ...
15-3 Darwin Presents His Case
... to their environment (low levels of fitness) either die or leave few offspring. Individuals that are better suited to their environment (high levels of fitness) survive and reproduce most successfully. Darwin called this process survival of the fittest. ...
... to their environment (low levels of fitness) either die or leave few offspring. Individuals that are better suited to their environment (high levels of fitness) survive and reproduce most successfully. Darwin called this process survival of the fittest. ...
Generalizing Darwinism to Social Evolution
... 59). In the second edition of this book (1891), Ritchie added an essay “Natural Selection and the History of Institutions” and argued that Darwinian principles of variation, heredity, and selection applied to the evolution of social institutions as well as to organisms. Ritchie repeated that languag ...
... 59). In the second edition of this book (1891), Ritchie added an essay “Natural Selection and the History of Institutions” and argued that Darwinian principles of variation, heredity, and selection applied to the evolution of social institutions as well as to organisms. Ritchie repeated that languag ...
CHARLES DARWIN - Big History Project
... More individuals of each species are born than can possibly survive. Consequently, there is a constant struggle for existence. Any being that has an advantage, even a small one, will have a better chance of surviving. Thus it is naturally selected. These individuals that survive will tend to pass do ...
... More individuals of each species are born than can possibly survive. Consequently, there is a constant struggle for existence. Any being that has an advantage, even a small one, will have a better chance of surviving. Thus it is naturally selected. These individuals that survive will tend to pass do ...
Planned Parenthood - National Life Chain
... family planning/birth control industry definition of abstinence, as follows: “ABSTINENCE: There is nothing wrong with abstinence. In fact, sometimes it is just what we want. Abstinence means making love without having intercourse. It is the most effective form of birth control, has been used for cen ...
... family planning/birth control industry definition of abstinence, as follows: “ABSTINENCE: There is nothing wrong with abstinence. In fact, sometimes it is just what we want. Abstinence means making love without having intercourse. It is the most effective form of birth control, has been used for cen ...
Adaptive evolution of lateral plates in threespined stickleback
... can presumably be closer to cover (Reimchen, 1994). Under these conditions, Gasterosteus species may be more likely to successfully evade attacks and the importance of evasion may supersede the importance of escape and survival after capture (Reimchen, 2000; Bell, 2001). Greater numbers of plates ar ...
... can presumably be closer to cover (Reimchen, 1994). Under these conditions, Gasterosteus species may be more likely to successfully evade attacks and the importance of evasion may supersede the importance of escape and survival after capture (Reimchen, 2000; Bell, 2001). Greater numbers of plates ar ...
Chapter 3
... • Abortion is easier to obtain in some countries, most notably the Scandinavian countries, than in the United States, where abortion and adolescent sexual activity are more stigmatized. • In the U.S., 19 percent of abortions are performed on 15- to 19-year-old girls while less than 1 percent are car ...
... • Abortion is easier to obtain in some countries, most notably the Scandinavian countries, than in the United States, where abortion and adolescent sexual activity are more stigmatized. • In the U.S., 19 percent of abortions are performed on 15- to 19-year-old girls while less than 1 percent are car ...
Evolutionary rescue by beneficial mutations in environments that
... to understand how species may respond to environmental change caused by human activity. It seems certain that a substantial fraction of our planet’s current biodiversity will be lost to extinction as species’ habitats change at an accelerating rate [2]. Some species, however, may be able to escape t ...
... to understand how species may respond to environmental change caused by human activity. It seems certain that a substantial fraction of our planet’s current biodiversity will be lost to extinction as species’ habitats change at an accelerating rate [2]. Some species, however, may be able to escape t ...
Evolutionary rescue by beneficial mutations in
... to understand how species may respond to environmental change caused by human activity. It seems certain that a substantial fraction of our planet’s current biodiversity will be lost to extinction as species’ habitats change at an accelerating rate [2]. Some species, however, may be able to escape t ...
... to understand how species may respond to environmental change caused by human activity. It seems certain that a substantial fraction of our planet’s current biodiversity will be lost to extinction as species’ habitats change at an accelerating rate [2]. Some species, however, may be able to escape t ...
Psychological Science
... are widespread not only among high-school students and undergraduates (Bishop & Anderson, 1990; Brumby, 1984; Nehm & Reilly, 2007; for a review, see Gregory, 2009), who are often targets of instruction on the topic, but also, disturbingly, among many of the teachers expected to teach natural selecti ...
... are widespread not only among high-school students and undergraduates (Bishop & Anderson, 1990; Brumby, 1984; Nehm & Reilly, 2007; for a review, see Gregory, 2009), who are often targets of instruction on the topic, but also, disturbingly, among many of the teachers expected to teach natural selecti ...
Primate Aggression and Evolution
... economic, and ideologically inspired goals somewhat different from the goals (mates, food, shelter) natural selection had in mind. If this is true, we must face the fact that while the cross-species and evolutionary perspective may help us understand how aggression first emerged and its past biologi ...
... economic, and ideologically inspired goals somewhat different from the goals (mates, food, shelter) natural selection had in mind. If this is true, we must face the fact that while the cross-species and evolutionary perspective may help us understand how aggression first emerged and its past biologi ...
Sexual selection
Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection where typically members of one gender choose mates of the other gender to mate with, called intersexual selection, and where females normally do the choosing, and competition between members of the same gender to sexually reproduce with members of the opposite sex, called intrasexual selection. These two forms of selection mean that some individuals have better reproductive success than others within a population either from being sexier or preferring sexier partners to produce offspring. For instance in the breeding season sexual selection in frogs occurs with the males first gathering at the water's edge and croaking. The females then arrive and choose the males with the deepest croaks and best territories. Generalizing, males benefit from frequent mating and monopolizing access to a group of fertile females. Females have a limited number of offspring they can have and they maximize the return on the energy they invest in reproduction.First articulated by Charles Darwin who described it as driving speciation and that many organisms had evolved features whose function was deleterious to their individual survival, and then developed by Ronald Fisher in the early 20th century. Sexual selection can lead typically males to extreme efforts to demonstrate their fitness to be chosen by females, producing secondary sexual characteristics, such as ornate bird tails like the peacock plumage, or the antlers of deer, or the manes of lions, caused by a positive feedback mechanism known as a Fisherian runaway, where the passing on of the desire for a trait in one sex is as important as having the trait in the other sex in producing the runaway effect. Although the sexy son hypothesis indicates that females would prefer male sons, Fisher's principle explains why the sex ratio is 1:1 almost without exception. Sexual selection is also found in plants and fungi.The maintenance of sexual reproduction in a highly competitive world has long been one of the major mysteries of biology given that asexual reproduction can reproduce much more quickly as 50% of offspring are not males, unable to produce offspring themselves. However, research published in 2015 indicates that sexual selection can explain the persistence of sexual reproduction.