Microgeographic adaptation and the spatial scale of evolution
... patches, the migration rate (m) can also be estimated by integrating the probability distribution of the kernel over the area of the recipient patch at its geographic location under the kernel (Figure I). The population mixing parameter Nm can be calculated if effective size Ne is known. So far, we ...
... patches, the migration rate (m) can also be estimated by integrating the probability distribution of the kernel over the area of the recipient patch at its geographic location under the kernel (Figure I). The population mixing parameter Nm can be calculated if effective size Ne is known. So far, we ...
Microgeographic adaptation and the spatial scale of evolution
... patches, the migration rate (m) can also be estimated by integrating the probability distribution of the kernel over the area of the recipient patch at its geographic location under the kernel (Figure I). The population mixing parameter Nm can be calculated if effective size Ne is known. So far, we ...
... patches, the migration rate (m) can also be estimated by integrating the probability distribution of the kernel over the area of the recipient patch at its geographic location under the kernel (Figure I). The population mixing parameter Nm can be calculated if effective size Ne is known. So far, we ...
Group adaptation, formal darwinism and contextual analysis
... Our aim here is to take further the analysis of group adaptation, using a similar methodology to Gardner and Grafen. We recognize the merits of making the concept of group adaptation precise and share their view that the formal Darwinism project offers the best way to do this. However, Gardner and G ...
... Our aim here is to take further the analysis of group adaptation, using a similar methodology to Gardner and Grafen. We recognize the merits of making the concept of group adaptation precise and share their view that the formal Darwinism project offers the best way to do this. However, Gardner and G ...
Name Period - TJ
... In summary, Charles Darwin described the idea of natural selection as a fundamental mechanism of change. Natural selection is a process in which the various heritable traits within a population are acted upon by environmental stresses. Those organisms possessing heritable traits that make them bette ...
... In summary, Charles Darwin described the idea of natural selection as a fundamental mechanism of change. Natural selection is a process in which the various heritable traits within a population are acted upon by environmental stresses. Those organisms possessing heritable traits that make them bette ...
- Wiley Online Library
... In theory, parthenogenetic lineages have low evolutionary potential because they inexorably accumulate deleterious mutations and do not generate much genotypic diversity. As a result, most parthenogenetic taxa occupy the terminal nodes of phylogenetic trees. The rate and mode of development of parth ...
... In theory, parthenogenetic lineages have low evolutionary potential because they inexorably accumulate deleterious mutations and do not generate much genotypic diversity. As a result, most parthenogenetic taxa occupy the terminal nodes of phylogenetic trees. The rate and mode of development of parth ...
Formalizing Darwinism and inclusive fitness theory
... direction that is taken by the whole population. The biological concept of fitness maximization is quite different. It is about a choice of some phenotypic trait, perhaps size or sex ratio, clarity of cornea or strength of bone, and where the trait is a property of an individual. Further, the choice ...
... direction that is taken by the whole population. The biological concept of fitness maximization is quite different. It is about a choice of some phenotypic trait, perhaps size or sex ratio, clarity of cornea or strength of bone, and where the trait is a property of an individual. Further, the choice ...
File - Science with Snyder
... biggest organisms c. survival and reproduction of the organisms that occupy the largest area d. survival and reproduction of the organisms that are genetically best adapted to the environment 5. Why do organisms need to compete? 6. What is coevolution and what is an example of it? __________________ ...
... biggest organisms c. survival and reproduction of the organisms that occupy the largest area d. survival and reproduction of the organisms that are genetically best adapted to the environment 5. Why do organisms need to compete? 6. What is coevolution and what is an example of it? __________________ ...
Cognitive Dissonance and Sexual Regret Among College Students
... pairs of cognitions would cause psychological discomfort. This discomfort, or dissonance, may lead to regret and motivate individuals to make inconsistent cognitions consonant through dissonance reduction processes. Exploring what is happening cognitively when a student’s sexual attitudes clash with ...
... pairs of cognitions would cause psychological discomfort. This discomfort, or dissonance, may lead to regret and motivate individuals to make inconsistent cognitions consonant through dissonance reduction processes. Exploring what is happening cognitively when a student’s sexual attitudes clash with ...
Chapter 6
... viability selection at a single locus, selection is not even guaranteed to increase mean fitness. Despite this, the search for general theorems (exact mathematical expressions) of selection response has motivated population and quantitative geneticists for over eighty years. By shifting attention aw ...
... viability selection at a single locus, selection is not even guaranteed to increase mean fitness. Despite this, the search for general theorems (exact mathematical expressions) of selection response has motivated population and quantitative geneticists for over eighty years. By shifting attention aw ...
Sexual Boundary Violations 2007 - Professional Standards Authority
... relation to him or her. Clinical interventions necessarily involve crossing ordinary social boundaries in order, for example, to do physical examinations or to explore difficult feelings and emotions. This can only be done if the patient/client can be sure that this is a safe and non-sexual space. ...
... relation to him or her. Clinical interventions necessarily involve crossing ordinary social boundaries in order, for example, to do physical examinations or to explore difficult feelings and emotions. This can only be done if the patient/client can be sure that this is a safe and non-sexual space. ...
Possible consequences of genes of major effect: transient changes
... the fraction of the total phenotypic change attributable to the GOME decreases. Thus, if GOMEs occur very rarely with respect to t, then the total change in mean phenotype will be reasonably well predicted using only G(t0 ). In this case, the GOME’s contribution to evolutionary divergence is small r ...
... the fraction of the total phenotypic change attributable to the GOME decreases. Thus, if GOMEs occur very rarely with respect to t, then the total change in mean phenotype will be reasonably well predicted using only G(t0 ). In this case, the GOME’s contribution to evolutionary divergence is small r ...
Chapter 13 PowerPoint File
... • The evolution of pesticide-resistant insects is just one of the ways that evolution affects our lives. ...
... • The evolution of pesticide-resistant insects is just one of the ways that evolution affects our lives. ...
CHAPTER 2 Evolution: Constructing a Fundamental Scientific Theory
... on overall similarity. So although each species was unique, several of them could be combined into a single genus as a result of their shared traits. Similarly, different genera could be collected into a single, more inclusive family, families combined into orders, etc. Linnaeus’s system is still us ...
... on overall similarity. So although each species was unique, several of them could be combined into a single genus as a result of their shared traits. Similarly, different genera could be collected into a single, more inclusive family, families combined into orders, etc. Linnaeus’s system is still us ...
IV. PROKARYOTES – EUBACTERIA, cont
... o Changes in the gene pool due to chance. More often seen in small population sizes. Usually reduces genetic variability. There are two situations that can drastically reduce population size: The Bottleneck Effect: type of genetic drift resulting from a reduction in population (natural disaster) s ...
... o Changes in the gene pool due to chance. More often seen in small population sizes. Usually reduces genetic variability. There are two situations that can drastically reduce population size: The Bottleneck Effect: type of genetic drift resulting from a reduction in population (natural disaster) s ...
FREE Sample Here
... The diversity of the various finch populations lent support to the idea that over time natural selection could transform a single common ancestral form into a variety of descendant species. This phenomenon is referred to as adaptive radiation. Each descendant species had adapted to its particular ha ...
... The diversity of the various finch populations lent support to the idea that over time natural selection could transform a single common ancestral form into a variety of descendant species. This phenomenon is referred to as adaptive radiation. Each descendant species had adapted to its particular ha ...
Chapter 2—Evolution: Constructing a Fundamental Scientific Theory
... 2. Why was Darwin’s 1859 published theory of natural selection not widely accepted by his peers? What later scientific advance was critical to the subsequent broad acceptance of natural selection as a major force in evolutionary change? ANS: Darwin’s theory lacked a mechanism for the inheritance of ...
... 2. Why was Darwin’s 1859 published theory of natural selection not widely accepted by his peers? What later scientific advance was critical to the subsequent broad acceptance of natural selection as a major force in evolutionary change? ANS: Darwin’s theory lacked a mechanism for the inheritance of ...
The Evolution of Darwinism: Selection, Adaptation, and Progress in
... Darwinism has changed – the “evolution of Darwinism” – then we will need to know what Darwinism was in its original formulation(s). Such understanding can then serve to anchor our examinations of later developments. Getting clear about Darwin’s own view is important for an additional reason. More th ...
... Darwinism has changed – the “evolution of Darwinism” – then we will need to know what Darwinism was in its original formulation(s). Such understanding can then serve to anchor our examinations of later developments. Getting clear about Darwin’s own view is important for an additional reason. More th ...
Theological Foundations of Darwin `s Theory of Evolution
... In his Essay of 1842, in which he brought together his evolutionary ideas for the first time in a coherent and continuous sketch, Darwin even considered some theological justification for making natural law the substitute for God's direct hand: it seemed to him beneath the dignity of God to have dir ...
... In his Essay of 1842, in which he brought together his evolutionary ideas for the first time in a coherent and continuous sketch, Darwin even considered some theological justification for making natural law the substitute for God's direct hand: it seemed to him beneath the dignity of God to have dir ...
TWO SEXES. Why? The Evolutionary Theory of Sex
... cybernetic magazine ―Problems of Information Transmission‖. Then came an article in popular science magazine ―Science and Life‖. Due to multimillion distribution this article received much attention. Many scientists still remember just this one small aspect of the theory—how to influence the sex of ...
... cybernetic magazine ―Problems of Information Transmission‖. Then came an article in popular science magazine ―Science and Life‖. Due to multimillion distribution this article received much attention. Many scientists still remember just this one small aspect of the theory—how to influence the sex of ...
Article The Relationship between dN/dS and Scaled Selection
... Yap et al. [2010]; Rubinstein et al. [2011]). In particular, simulated data is usually generated according to the same model as the inference framework, allowing for a direct comparison between the true and estimated parameter values. Although this strategy is critical for testing whether a model im ...
... Yap et al. [2010]; Rubinstein et al. [2011]). In particular, simulated data is usually generated according to the same model as the inference framework, allowing for a direct comparison between the true and estimated parameter values. Although this strategy is critical for testing whether a model im ...
Chapter 12- Sexual Behavior in Adolescence
... sexual behavior, it is a pity that they did not know of the existence of Manus society. Of all these four peoples, the Manus have approximated most closely the Victorian and dual standard of sex morality currently undergoing change in our culture. Only they carry their Puritanism one step further. T ...
... sexual behavior, it is a pity that they did not know of the existence of Manus society. Of all these four peoples, the Manus have approximated most closely the Victorian and dual standard of sex morality currently undergoing change in our culture. Only they carry their Puritanism one step further. T ...
Levels, Time and Fitness in Evolutionary Transitions in Individuality
... developmental bottlenecks during life cycles. These two mechanisms lead to genetic homogeneity that reduces genetic conflict between the cells of an adult multicellular organism. However, even if genetic homogeneity between the different members of the same group is reached, this will not necessaril ...
... developmental bottlenecks during life cycles. These two mechanisms lead to genetic homogeneity that reduces genetic conflict between the cells of an adult multicellular organism. However, even if genetic homogeneity between the different members of the same group is reached, this will not necessaril ...
Effective population size and patterns of molecular evolution and
... Box 2 | Using the Wright–Fisher model to describe genetic drift Consider the effects of genetic drift on selectively neutral variants, assuming that the population is closed (there is no migration from elsewhere) and panmictic. We also ignore the possibility of mutation. Assume that there are two al ...
... Box 2 | Using the Wright–Fisher model to describe genetic drift Consider the effects of genetic drift on selectively neutral variants, assuming that the population is closed (there is no migration from elsewhere) and panmictic. We also ignore the possibility of mutation. Assume that there are two al ...
"Adaptive Evolution of Primate Sperm Proteins".
... of evidence implicates ZAN in sperm competition. In primate species in which males are larger than females (sexual dimorphism), it is thought that males compete physically with one another and that sperm competition is less important. ZAN’s evolution in primates is consistent with this prediction; i ...
... of evidence implicates ZAN in sperm competition. In primate species in which males are larger than females (sexual dimorphism), it is thought that males compete physically with one another and that sperm competition is less important. ZAN’s evolution in primates is consistent with this prediction; i ...
Levels, Time and Fitness in Evolutionary
... developmental bottlenecks during life cycles. These two mechanisms lead to genetic homogeneity that reduces genetic conflict between the cells of an adult multicellular organism. However, even if genetic homogeneity between the different members of the same group is reached, this will not necessaril ...
... developmental bottlenecks during life cycles. These two mechanisms lead to genetic homogeneity that reduces genetic conflict between the cells of an adult multicellular organism. However, even if genetic homogeneity between the different members of the same group is reached, this will not necessaril ...
Sexual selection
Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection where typically members of one gender choose mates of the other gender to mate with, called intersexual selection, and where females normally do the choosing, and competition between members of the same gender to sexually reproduce with members of the opposite sex, called intrasexual selection. These two forms of selection mean that some individuals have better reproductive success than others within a population either from being sexier or preferring sexier partners to produce offspring. For instance in the breeding season sexual selection in frogs occurs with the males first gathering at the water's edge and croaking. The females then arrive and choose the males with the deepest croaks and best territories. Generalizing, males benefit from frequent mating and monopolizing access to a group of fertile females. Females have a limited number of offspring they can have and they maximize the return on the energy they invest in reproduction.First articulated by Charles Darwin who described it as driving speciation and that many organisms had evolved features whose function was deleterious to their individual survival, and then developed by Ronald Fisher in the early 20th century. Sexual selection can lead typically males to extreme efforts to demonstrate their fitness to be chosen by females, producing secondary sexual characteristics, such as ornate bird tails like the peacock plumage, or the antlers of deer, or the manes of lions, caused by a positive feedback mechanism known as a Fisherian runaway, where the passing on of the desire for a trait in one sex is as important as having the trait in the other sex in producing the runaway effect. Although the sexy son hypothesis indicates that females would prefer male sons, Fisher's principle explains why the sex ratio is 1:1 almost without exception. Sexual selection is also found in plants and fungi.The maintenance of sexual reproduction in a highly competitive world has long been one of the major mysteries of biology given that asexual reproduction can reproduce much more quickly as 50% of offspring are not males, unable to produce offspring themselves. However, research published in 2015 indicates that sexual selection can explain the persistence of sexual reproduction.