A Bifunctional tRNA for In Vitro Selection
... pressed in vivo; the cell membrane encapsulates corresponding protein and nucleic acid sequences during complex formation. Ribosome display [7] relies on the integrity of stalled translation complexes to maintain a link between an mRNA and its protein product. With mRNA display [8, 9], covalent prot ...
... pressed in vivo; the cell membrane encapsulates corresponding protein and nucleic acid sequences during complex formation. Ribosome display [7] relies on the integrity of stalled translation complexes to maintain a link between an mRNA and its protein product. With mRNA display [8, 9], covalent prot ...
Protein Folding and The Impact of Mutations
... When amino acids are assembled in a line to make a protein, they do not stay in an even, straight line. This is similar to a line at lunch sometimes… A couple might move closer to each other without leaving the line Two friends fighting might move away from each other That one kid who really lik ...
... When amino acids are assembled in a line to make a protein, they do not stay in an even, straight line. This is similar to a line at lunch sometimes… A couple might move closer to each other without leaving the line Two friends fighting might move away from each other That one kid who really lik ...
Protein and DNA Sequence Comparison
... A local alignment without gaps consists simply of a pair of equal length segments, one from each of the two sequences being compared, whose scores can not be improved by extension or trimming. These are called high-scoring segment pairs or HSPs. Seq 1 Seq 2 ...
... A local alignment without gaps consists simply of a pair of equal length segments, one from each of the two sequences being compared, whose scores can not be improved by extension or trimming. These are called high-scoring segment pairs or HSPs. Seq 1 Seq 2 ...
All Proteins Have a Basic Molecular Formula
... further subdivided on the basis of similarities in enzyme reaction mechanisms, participation in biochemical pathways, functional roles, and cellular localization [3]. Although structural classifications are probably well defined on the basis of the criterion of molecular similarity, their overlap is ...
... further subdivided on the basis of similarities in enzyme reaction mechanisms, participation in biochemical pathways, functional roles, and cellular localization [3]. Although structural classifications are probably well defined on the basis of the criterion of molecular similarity, their overlap is ...
COT102 Decision Document draft only
... Escherichia coli, source of aph4 gene, coding for hygromycin-B phosphotransferase (APH4), an enzyme which confers resistance to the antibiotic hygromycin ...
... Escherichia coli, source of aph4 gene, coding for hygromycin-B phosphotransferase (APH4), an enzyme which confers resistance to the antibiotic hygromycin ...
Primary sequence analysis of Xac catalases
... with catalase-peroxidases of the related species X. campestris pv. vesicatoria [5] and X. ...
... with catalase-peroxidases of the related species X. campestris pv. vesicatoria [5] and X. ...
Merging Gene Expression and Methylation Data
... Merging Gene Expression and Methylation Data Gene expression profiling data can be integrated with DNA methylation data in BeadStudio, providing researchers a powerful approach to studying gene expression regulation. Introduction DNA methylation plays an essential role in the regulation of gene expr ...
... Merging Gene Expression and Methylation Data Gene expression profiling data can be integrated with DNA methylation data in BeadStudio, providing researchers a powerful approach to studying gene expression regulation. Introduction DNA methylation plays an essential role in the regulation of gene expr ...
Protein Sulfenylation in Mitochondria: Biochemistry and
... protein modifications cysteines are less frequent in proteins than all other amino acids. If present, they are very often evolutionary conserved pointing at a functional relevance of the cysteine at these positions. Cysteine oxidation processes serve many different purposes but in general two diffe ...
... protein modifications cysteines are less frequent in proteins than all other amino acids. If present, they are very often evolutionary conserved pointing at a functional relevance of the cysteine at these positions. Cysteine oxidation processes serve many different purposes but in general two diffe ...
Mass spectrometry and the search for moonlighting proteins
... protein interaction function to evolve, it is quite possible that the random accumulation of mutations on PGI surface might have resulted in an additional binding site that enables PGI to serve as a growth factor outside of the cell. In general, as long as a second function, such as the receptor-bin ...
... protein interaction function to evolve, it is quite possible that the random accumulation of mutations on PGI surface might have resulted in an additional binding site that enables PGI to serve as a growth factor outside of the cell. In general, as long as a second function, such as the receptor-bin ...
Life and Chemistry: Large Molecules
... Chemical signals such as hormones bind to proteins on the cell surface membrane. • The combination of attractions, repulsions, and interactions determines the right fit. ...
... Chemical signals such as hormones bind to proteins on the cell surface membrane. • The combination of attractions, repulsions, and interactions determines the right fit. ...
Inhibition of c-myc Expression in Cells by Targeting an RNA
... ate antimyc-aug, there is no evidence that it is the optimal ODN for inhibiting c-myc levels. Phosphorothioate backbones can lead to sequence-independent effects that in part may be attributable to affinity for extracellular proteins such as heparin and fibronectin (Chavany et al., 1995; Stein, 1995 ...
... ate antimyc-aug, there is no evidence that it is the optimal ODN for inhibiting c-myc levels. Phosphorothioate backbones can lead to sequence-independent effects that in part may be attributable to affinity for extracellular proteins such as heparin and fibronectin (Chavany et al., 1995; Stein, 1995 ...
1X Equilibration/Wash Buffer (pH 7.0)
... 3. Add IPTG to a final concentration of 1 mM and grow the culture at 37°C with vigorous shaking for 4~5 hours. (We grow the culture with shaking for 3 hours.) ...
... 3. Add IPTG to a final concentration of 1 mM and grow the culture at 37°C with vigorous shaking for 4~5 hours. (We grow the culture with shaking for 3 hours.) ...
Chapter 6 Pichia pastoris
... (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris), mammalian cells, amphibian oocytes (Xenopus laevis), insect cells and bacteria (Escherichia coli). Plant cells are useful as hosts if mutants are available (Holton et al., 1993), but in many cases the distinction from resident activities may present a ...
... (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris), mammalian cells, amphibian oocytes (Xenopus laevis), insect cells and bacteria (Escherichia coli). Plant cells are useful as hosts if mutants are available (Holton et al., 1993), but in many cases the distinction from resident activities may present a ...
kaedah-kaedah dalam biologi molekul
... TECHNIQUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY • CENTRIFUGATION- Separation of molecules/macromolecules/organelles according to the size, shape, density & gradient • ELECTROPHORESIS- Separation of molecules/macromolecules according to charge • MICROSCOPY- Structural examination of minute molecule/macromolecule/org ...
... TECHNIQUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY • CENTRIFUGATION- Separation of molecules/macromolecules/organelles according to the size, shape, density & gradient • ELECTROPHORESIS- Separation of molecules/macromolecules according to charge • MICROSCOPY- Structural examination of minute molecule/macromolecule/org ...
Engineering Nitrogen Use Efficient Crop Plants
... Another plant enzyme involved in photosynthesis and N storage is PEPc. Rice studies using the native PEPc promoter to over-express the PEPc gene have shown significant increases in PEPc transcript levels; however photosynthetic rates in these plants were limited by phosphate23,24. PEPc seems similar ...
... Another plant enzyme involved in photosynthesis and N storage is PEPc. Rice studies using the native PEPc promoter to over-express the PEPc gene have shown significant increases in PEPc transcript levels; however photosynthetic rates in these plants were limited by phosphate23,24. PEPc seems similar ...
Protein
... • Derived proteins are of two types, primarily derived proteins and secondary derived proteins. Primary derived proteins are derivatives of proteins, in which the size of the protein molecule is not altered materially, while in secondary derived proteins, hydrolysis occurs, as a result the molecules ...
... • Derived proteins are of two types, primarily derived proteins and secondary derived proteins. Primary derived proteins are derivatives of proteins, in which the size of the protein molecule is not altered materially, while in secondary derived proteins, hydrolysis occurs, as a result the molecules ...
Chapter 19 Viruses Multiple-Choice Questions
... IV. treating the sample with proteases that digest all proteins and then determining whether it is still infectious 23) Which treatment could definitively determine whether or not the component is a viroid? A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) first II and then III Answer: A Topic: Concept 19.3 Skill: Applica ...
... IV. treating the sample with proteases that digest all proteins and then determining whether it is still infectious 23) Which treatment could definitively determine whether or not the component is a viroid? A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) first II and then III Answer: A Topic: Concept 19.3 Skill: Applica ...
Functional cross‐kingdom conservation of mammalian and moss
... production of difficult-to-express protein therapeutics (Weber and Fussenegger, 2007). In mammalian cells, the initiation of translation is typically managed by a cap structure which is post-transcriptionally attached to the 5′ end of mRNAs (Kozak, 1989). Alternatively, internal ribosome entry sites ...
... production of difficult-to-express protein therapeutics (Weber and Fussenegger, 2007). In mammalian cells, the initiation of translation is typically managed by a cap structure which is post-transcriptionally attached to the 5′ end of mRNAs (Kozak, 1989). Alternatively, internal ribosome entry sites ...
Synapse Specificity Minireview and Long
... exposure of the peripheral synapses to 5-HT, these results indicate that synapses need not be tagged or active to receive the proteins required for long-term synaptic plasticity. One might argue, however, that the application of 5-HT to sensory neuron somata “short circuits” the normal signaling pat ...
... exposure of the peripheral synapses to 5-HT, these results indicate that synapses need not be tagged or active to receive the proteins required for long-term synaptic plasticity. One might argue, however, that the application of 5-HT to sensory neuron somata “short circuits” the normal signaling pat ...
Journal of Applied Phycology
... signature peptide, ALKF(F,Y)(S,T,A) 2VR, a sequence which has been defined as RecA specific by the program Motifs in the Genetics Computer Group package of programs (Devereux et al., 1984), and the conserved Arg-324 (Arg-325 in Spirulina RecA) in the highly variable C-terminal region (Dunkin & Wood, ...
... signature peptide, ALKF(F,Y)(S,T,A) 2VR, a sequence which has been defined as RecA specific by the program Motifs in the Genetics Computer Group package of programs (Devereux et al., 1984), and the conserved Arg-324 (Arg-325 in Spirulina RecA) in the highly variable C-terminal region (Dunkin & Wood, ...
The sigA gene encoding the major G factor of RNA polymerase from
... probe for a Southern blot prepared with Synechococcus sp. strain PRGOOO chromosomal DNA digests. The strongest hybridization signals corresponded to a 3.3 kb HindIII fragment and a 20 kb EcoRI fragment. The sigA probe was hybridized to a genomic library of Synecbococcus sp. strain PRGOOO DNA fragmen ...
... probe for a Southern blot prepared with Synechococcus sp. strain PRGOOO chromosomal DNA digests. The strongest hybridization signals corresponded to a 3.3 kb HindIII fragment and a 20 kb EcoRI fragment. The sigA probe was hybridized to a genomic library of Synecbococcus sp. strain PRGOOO DNA fragmen ...
Applications of site-specific recombination As can be
... A potentially useful approach to expand the utility of site-specific recombination is to generate recombinases with altered binding (DNA recognition) specificities. That is, change the sequence of the binding elements, and then produce active recombinase variants that have acquired the corresponding ...
... A potentially useful approach to expand the utility of site-specific recombination is to generate recombinases with altered binding (DNA recognition) specificities. That is, change the sequence of the binding elements, and then produce active recombinase variants that have acquired the corresponding ...
The common northern periwinkle, Littorina littorea
... phospholipids (Fig. 1). Several glycolytic enzymes are subject to anoxia-induced phosphorylation that suppresses their activity. These include glycogen phosphorylase (GP), PFK1, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFK-2), and PK (Storey, 1993). Control over GP regulates the availability of the primary fuel, g ...
... phospholipids (Fig. 1). Several glycolytic enzymes are subject to anoxia-induced phosphorylation that suppresses their activity. These include glycogen phosphorylase (GP), PFK1, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFK-2), and PK (Storey, 1993). Control over GP regulates the availability of the primary fuel, g ...
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes, the product is a functional RNA.The process of gene expression is used by all known life - eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and utilized by viruses - to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.Several steps in the gene expression process may be modulated, including the transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Gene regulation gives the cell control over structure and function, and is the basis for cellular differentiation, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism. Gene regulation may also serve as a substrate for evolutionary change, since control of the timing, location, and amount of gene expression can have a profound effect on the functions (actions) of the gene in a cell or in a multicellular organism.In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable trait. The genetic code stored in DNA is ""interpreted"" by gene expression, and the properties of the expression give rise to the organism's phenotype. Such phenotypes are often expressed by the synthesis of proteins that control the organism's shape, or that act as enzymes catalysing specific metabolic pathways characterising the organism.