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Evolution Notes
Evolution Notes

... Main Idea: How have species changed over time? (long periods of time) [It is important to realize that evolution is a theory based on scientific evidence that may conflict with some religious beliefs] ...
CH15 PowerPoint
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... Charles Lyell - Wrote Principles of Geology in which he made key advances in stratigraphy, sedimentology, and paleontology. Began idea of “faunal succession and organic extinctions”. Lyell is considered to be the “Father of modern Geology.” On this founding document of modern geology, Lyell had arg ...
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... Use the chart above to answer the following questions. Which two organisms are most closely related to each other? How do you know? Explain. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ...
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... b. Explain the history of life in terms of biodiversity, ancestry, and the rates of evolution. c. Explain how fossil and biochemical evidence support the theory. d. Relate natural selection to changes in organisms. e. Recognize the role of evolution to biological resistance (pesticide and antibiotic ...
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Punctuated equilibrium



Punctuated equilibrium (also called punctuated equilibria) is a theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that once species appear in the fossil record they will become stable, showing little net evolutionary change for most of their geological history. This state is called stasis. When significant evolutionary change occurs, the theory proposes that it is generally restricted to rare and geologically rapid events of branching speciation called cladogenesis. Cladogenesis is the process by which a species splits into two distinct species, rather than one species gradually transforming into another. Punctuated equilibrium is commonly contrasted against phyletic gradualism, the belief that evolution generally occurs uniformly and by the steady and gradual transformation of whole lineages (called anagenesis). In this view, evolution is seen as generally smooth and continuous.In 1972, paleontologists Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould published a landmark paper developing their theory and called it punctuated equilibria. Their paper built upon Ernst Mayr's model of geographic speciation, I. Michael Lerner's theories of developmental and genetic homeostasis, as well as their own empirical research. Eldredge and Gould proposed that the degree of gradualism commonly attributed to Charles Darwin is virtually nonexistent in the fossil record, and that stasis dominates the history of most fossil species.
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