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variation
variation

... Natural selection acts on EXISTING variation. • Fitness is the measure of survival ability and ability to produce more offspring. • Natural selection can act only on traits that already exist. • Structures take on new functions in addition to their original function. ...
Each objective will be covered in class and you are responsible for
Each objective will be covered in class and you are responsible for

... SB5d. Relate natural selection to changes in organisms. 1. How does Hardy-Weinberg relate to natural selection and evolution? ...
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Evolution - Industrial ISD

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PPEvolution_notes_01_April

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Evolution

... Reproduction (passing from parents to offspring) 3. Lateral Gene Transfer (important for single celled organisms where they swap genes through plasmids) ...
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PracticeExam_Evolution_B

... e. Brazil. 9. Darwin’s idea of “fitness” depends upon the fact that a. the strong always survive, whereas the weak always die. b. some individuals have a better chance to produce more offspring. c. mutations are always harmful. d. acquired characteristics are inherited. e. reproduction of all member ...
PracticeExam_Evolution
PracticeExam_Evolution

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Theory of Natural Selection
Theory of Natural Selection

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howard overhead notes evolutionary biology

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A. Darwinian - WordPress.com
A. Darwinian - WordPress.com

... Structures that have different mature forms, but develop from the same embryonic structure are called _______________ structures. A. Darwinian B. Lamarckian C. homologous D. fossils Because of its similarities to artificial selection, Darwin referred to the “survival of the fittest” as _____________ ...
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8.1 Theory of Evolution

... would become larger and stronger, such as; the giraffe that developed longer necks and tongues to eat leaves higher up in the trees. He theorized that these developments would be passed on to their offspring, calling it Inheritance of acquired characteristics. Also the body parts not used would disa ...
Evolution Notes - Northwest ISD Moodle
Evolution Notes - Northwest ISD Moodle

... structures similar between organisms because they share a common ancestor structures with different mature forms that came from similar tissues ex- limbs of frog and bat 27) What is a vestigial structure? Give an example. structure that no longer has a use but was probably useful to an ancestor ex- ...
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Changes Over Time
Changes Over Time

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... individuals at the end of the 19th century. Their population has since rebounded to over 30,000—but their genes still carry the marks of this bottleneck: they have much less genetic variation than a population of southern elephant seals that was not so intensely hunted. ...
Notes
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... individuals at the end of the 19th century. Their population has since rebounded to over 30,000—but their genes still carry the marks of this bottleneck: they have much less genetic variation than a population of southern elephant seals that was not so intensely hunted. ...
Evolution - Harrison High School
Evolution - Harrison High School

... and Darwin’s brother as an influence ◦ 2. Darwin’s religious beliefs and changes in his belief system ◦ 3. Geological time, Lyell’s work on changes in geological features ◦ 4. Common ancestor ◦ 5. Malthus’ writings about population ...
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How Populations Evolve

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History of Life on Earth

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The Theory of Evolution
The Theory of Evolution

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Name Period Date Chapter 13A Worksheet

... 8. A comparison of recently formed fossil types with types of living organisms shows that a. new organisms arise in areas where similar forms already live. b. modern organisms are very different from extinct forms that inhabit the same area. c. organisms that become extinct do not resemble modern or ...
Genetic drift
Genetic drift

... The five factors that can lead to evolution are gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, natural selection, and 1. sexual selection 2. controlled mating ...
Evolution
Evolution

... • Small differences between parents and offspring can accumulate in successive generations so that descendants become very different from their ancestors. • An adaptation is a variation which assists an organism or species in its survival. •Biological adaptations include changes in structures, beha ...
Evolutionary Theory: Observational Background Charles Lyell (1797
Evolutionary Theory: Observational Background Charles Lyell (1797

... all cells of the organism - and is not organ specific. • The genome carries ancestral (as well as parental) information; expression of one particular trait over another is subject to certain dominance rules. • Variation arises in part through genetic combination and is constrained by the ancestral h ...
ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL SELECTION As a human activity
ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL SELECTION As a human activity

... defined as "a group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can interbreed with one another to produce fertile offspring." The formation of a new species is called speciation. Darwin's theory would account for the evolution of the modern giraffe. The original giraffe population had short ...
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Inclusive fitness

In evolutionary biology inclusive fitness theory is a model for the evolution of social behaviors (traits), first set forward by W. D. Hamilton in 1963 and 1964. Instead of a trait's frequency increase being thought of only via its average effects on an organism's direct reproduction, Hamilton argued that its average effects on indirect reproduction, via identical copies of the trait in other individuals, also need to be taken into account. Hamilton's theory, alongside reciprocal altruism, is considered one of the two primary mechanisms for the evolution of social behaviors in natural species.From the gene's point of view, evolutionary success ultimately depends on leaving behind the maximum number of copies of itself in the population. Until 1964, it was generally believed that genes only achieved this by causing the individual to leave the maximum number of viable direct offspring. However, in 1964 W. D. Hamilton showed mathematically that, because other members of a population may share identical genes, a gene can also increase its evolutionary success by indirectly promoting the reproduction and survival of such individuals. The most obvious category of such individuals is close genetic relatives, and where these are concerned, the application of inclusive fitness theory is often more straightforwardly treated via the narrower kin selection theory.Belding's ground squirrel provides an example. The ground squirrel gives an alarm call to warn its local group of the presence of a predator. By emitting the alarm, it gives its own location away, putting itself in more danger. In the process, however, the squirrel may protect its relatives within the local group (along with the rest of the group). Therefore, if the effect of the trait influencing the alarm call typically protects the other squirrels in the immediate area, it will lead to the passing on of more of copies of the alarm call trait in the next generation than the squirrel could leave by reproducing on its own. In such a case natural selection will increase the trait that influences giving the alarm call, provided that a sufficient fraction of the shared genes include the gene(s) predisposing to the alarm call.Synalpheus regalis, a eusocial shrimp, also is an example of an organism whose social traits meet the inclusive fitness criterion. The larger defenders protect the young juveniles in the colony from outsiders. By ensuring the young's survival, the genes will continue to be passed on to future generations.Inclusive fitness is more generalized than strict kin selection, which requires that the shared genes are identical by descent. Inclusive fitness is not limited to cases where ""kin"" ('close genetic relatives') are involved.
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