• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Characterization of a 30S Ribsomal Subunit Intermediate Found in
Characterization of a 30S Ribsomal Subunit Intermediate Found in

... was the next compound of choice. Not surprisingly, within a year of FDA approval daptomycin resistant strains emerged (Mangili and others 2005). A resolution to this problem now focuses on identifying new targets that inhibit essential bacterial functions (Chu and others 1996). However, this has no ...
dbPSP: a curated database for protein phosphorylation sites in
dbPSP: a curated database for protein phosphorylation sites in

... Received 22 September 2014; Revised 10 March 2015; Accepted 13 March 2015 ...
Effects of macromolecular crowding on protein folding and
Effects of macromolecular crowding on protein folding and

... albumin (ovalbumin) as crowding agents, in order to monitor any effects due to more specific interactions of these proteins with refolding lysozyme. The results are summarized in Figure 2A. It is clear that the addition of all crowding agents at high concentrations prevents correct refolding of redu ...
Allosteric Interactions after 50Years
Allosteric Interactions after 50Years

... shown in Fig. 2 of Changeux's Recollection. 3 These observations were at the heart of the principle of quaternary constraint. 2 It may be generally assumed that in the course of evolution, natural selection led to enzyme efficiencies that were largely maximized. Therefore, in order to introduce regu ...
Src protein–tyrosine kinase structure and regulation
Src protein–tyrosine kinase structure and regulation

... Src is expressed ubiquitously; however, brain, osteoclasts, and platelets express 5–200-fold higher levels of this protein than most other cells [2]. Alternatively spliced forms of Src, which contain 6- or 11-amino acid insertions in the SH3 domain (18- or 33-nucleotide insertions between exons 3 an ...
4. Power: Pathways that make ATP
4. Power: Pathways that make ATP

... are charged when the car is moving. When the car is getting its energy from the electrical system, it is working anaerobically, meaning it is not using O2. The human body is much more complicated than a car, in part because we eat so many kinds of foods that are used as fuel. It is also much more ef ...


... fluorescent protein (GFP) expression is excluded from the hypophysis and instead accumulates in the embryo proper (Fig. 3, D and E, and fig. S2, D and E). Altered PIN1 polarity and DR5rev::GFP misexpression in RPS5AdPID embryos is accompanied by misspecification of the hypophysis, as demonstrated by ...
cerevisiae - Oxford Academic
cerevisiae - Oxford Academic

... at stop codons in eukaryotes or about the natural suppressor tRNAs involved in this process was gleaned from in vitro experiments in rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL) (20). For example, tryptophan, cysteine and arginine were identified at UGA stop codons (21) and some of these results were confirmed ...
Comparative Sequence Analysis of the Genomic Segment 6 of Four
Comparative Sequence Analysis of the Genomic Segment 6 of Four

... pelleting through a cushion of 30~ (w/v) sucrose. The virus pellet was resuspended in buffer containing 20 mMTris-HC1 pH 7.4 and 15 mM-EDTAand incubated at 37 °C for 1 h. Single capsid viral particles produced by this treatment were purified by isopycnic centrifugation in a CsCI gradient. Single-str ...
The DNA Binding Properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51
The DNA Binding Properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51

... In vitro, the most extensively investigated DNA pairing reaction is the three-strand exchange reaction, in which the pairing of circular ssDNA and homologous dsDNA yields nicked circular dsDNA and linear ssDNA. During the formation of a presynaptic complex in the first phase of the reaction, the Rec ...
Termination of translation: interplay of mRNA, rRNAs and release
Termination of translation: interplay of mRNA, rRNAs and release

... and UAG remain as stop codons. Puri®ed, recombinant eRF1 from this organism terminates at animal ribosomes programmed with UAA or UAG, but not with UGA (Kervestin et al., 2001). Since protein synthesis carried out in vivo with these ribosomes is terminated at any one of the canonical stop codons, it ...


... (Bowman-Birk). The Kunitz inhibitors family is usually 18-24kDa heterogeneous proteins consisting of a number of isoinhibitors, with two disulfide linkages and a single trypsin reactive site (defined by an arginine residue) in one of the protein loops. The  BBI are small cysteine-rich proteins in si ...
The origin of biological information and programmed protein synthesis
The origin of biological information and programmed protein synthesis

... such as rRNA, tRNA, and snRNA, and another encodes information for protein synthesis expressed as mRNA. The functional RNA genes are thought to be remnants of an ancient RNA world [1-5] that existed prior to DNA and proteins, and their functions are involved in RNA editing or protein synthesis. The ...
Comparison of the activities of protein disulphide
Comparison of the activities of protein disulphide

... in 50 mM-Tris/HCl buffer, pH 8.6, containing 130 mMdithiothreitol and 10 M-urea. The flask was flushed gently with N29 sealed, and left in the dark for 20-24 h at room temperature (20 °C). The reaction mixture was then acidified to pH 4.0 with acetic acid and separated from the reductant by gel filt ...
Genetic code as a harmonic system
Genetic code as a harmonic system

... highest degree of oxydation (and substitution) in the main aliphatic chain. All three copyings are related to functional groups with a single covalent bond, while the copying of (=CO) group which possesses double bond does not occur. However, it is not „neglected“, since this group is the one throug ...
CP1 Domain in Escherichia coli Leucyl
CP1 Domain in Escherichia coli Leucyl

... On the basis of their conserved amino acid sequences and crystal structures, aaRSs are divided into two major classes, class I and II, each with characteristic sequences and structural motifs that form the substrate binding sites and catalytic sites (12-15). The 10 class I enzymes share HIGH and KMS ...
AMINO ACID SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN INTERLEUKIN 1
AMINO ACID SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN INTERLEUKIN 1

... The term interleukin 1 (IL-1) encompasses macrophage-derived polypeptide factors in man, mouse, and other animals, which stimulate murine thymocyte proliferation (1-3), and in addition activate various target cells involved in chronic inflammation (4-10). The IL-1 produced by the murine macrophage l ...
The tyrosine regulated DAHP synthase and the biosynthetic
The tyrosine regulated DAHP synthase and the biosynthetic

... 3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthases (EC 2.5.1.54) catalyze the initial reaction of the aromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathway. Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and erythrose-4-phosphate (E4P) are condensed to DAHP. There are two DAHP synthases in baker´s yeast Saccharomyces cerev ...
Substrate Specificity and Mechanism from the Structure of
Substrate Specificity and Mechanism from the Structure of

... the first to be solved for any member of this family and reveals a novel nucleotide binding fold and a less common, syn conformation of the glycosidic bond of the ADP in the active site.20 However, determination of the structure of another GHMP kinase family member, mevalonate kinase,16 in complex w ...
Structure and properties of the outer membranes of Brucella abortus
Structure and properties of the outer membranes of Brucella abortus

... encode porin proteins with a high degree (> 85%) of homology [16]. Interestingly, only Omp2b is expressed in laboratory grown B. abortus [25] but, although its expression in Brucella has not been observed, Omp2a increases the permeability to maltodextrins when cloned in E. coli [25]. As judged by de ...
Determination of Binding Sites of Cadherin Peptides on the EC1
Determination of Binding Sites of Cadherin Peptides on the EC1

... the binding activity of the N-terminus of E-cadherin. At low protein concentration, intramolecular binding of tryptophan-2 (W2) side-chain into the W2 pocket on the same molecule was detected via chemical shift changes. However, at high protein concentration, the X-ray structure indicates that two m ...
An investigation of the zinc binding characteristics of the RING finger
An investigation of the zinc binding characteristics of the RING finger

... to be a promising target for immunotherapy against the disease (Yoshitake et al., 2004). In addition to its interaction with p53 and pRb, RBBP6 is also known to be involved in a variety of functions including regulation of cell cycle control, apoptosis and pre-mRNA splicing (Simons et al., 1997; Wit ...
Soybean Meal – An Exceptional Protein Source
Soybean Meal – An Exceptional Protein Source

... Soybean meal, obviously, comes from soybeans, a crop that has a very interesting background. The soybean is thought to have originated in China as many as 5,000 or more years ago. In 1804, sailors first brought soybeans from China to the United States as inexpensive ballast for their ships. The soyb ...
Profile TildeCRF: a new tool for protein homology detection
Profile TildeCRF: a new tool for protein homology detection

... It has been over 150 years since the outstanding scientific discoveries that laid the foundations for modern biology and genetics. Charles Darwin described the mechanism of natural selection, whereby individuals that are best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, pas ...
Protein Interaction Technical Handbook
Protein Interaction Technical Handbook

... The natural affinity of binding partners for each other is at the core of in vitro methods widely adopted for both interaction discovery and confirmation. In vitro methods span a broad range of techniques. At one end of the range are those methods that can be performed at the bench with basic labora ...
< 1 ... 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 ... 656 >

Protein



Proteins (/ˈproʊˌtiːnz/ or /ˈproʊti.ɨnz/) are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within living organisms, including catalyzing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific three-dimensional structure that determines its activity.A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than about 20-30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides, or sometimes oligopeptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residues in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene, which is encoded in the genetic code. In general, the genetic code specifies 20 standard amino acids; however, in certain organisms the genetic code can include selenocysteine and—in certain archaea—pyrrolysine. Shortly after or even during synthesis, the residues in a protein are often chemically modified by posttranslational modification, which alters the physical and chemical properties, folding, stability, activity, and ultimately, the function of the proteins. Sometimes proteins have non-peptide groups attached, which can be called prosthetic groups or cofactors. Proteins can also work together to achieve a particular function, and they often associate to form stable protein complexes.Once formed, proteins only exist for a certain period of time and are then degraded and recycled by the cell's machinery through the process of protein turnover. A protein's lifespan is measured in terms of its half-life and covers a wide range. They can exist for minutes or years with an average lifespan of 1–2 days in mammalian cells. Abnormal and or misfolded proteins are degraded more rapidly either due to being targeted for destruction or due to being unstable.Like other biological macromolecules such as polysaccharides and nucleic acids, proteins are essential parts of organisms and participate in virtually every process within cells. Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions and are vital to metabolism. Proteins also have structural or mechanical functions, such as actin and myosin in muscle and the proteins in the cytoskeleton, which form a system of scaffolding that maintains cell shape. Other proteins are important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, and the cell cycle. Proteins are also necessary in animals' diets, since animals cannot synthesize all the amino acids they need and must obtain essential amino acids from food. Through the process of digestion, animals break down ingested protein into free amino acids that are then used in metabolism.Proteins may be purified from other cellular components using a variety of techniques such as ultracentrifugation, precipitation, electrophoresis, and chromatography; the advent of genetic engineering has made possible a number of methods to facilitate purification. Methods commonly used to study protein structure and function include immunohistochemistry, site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report