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Chapter 10: Biotechnology
Chapter 10: Biotechnology

... person’s DNA are unique sequences sprinkled throughout our genome known as short tandem repeats. • Short tandem repeats are many copies of the same short DNA sequence (2 to 10 base pairs long), positioned one right after the other along the length of a chromosome. ...
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... The mRNA is enzymatically digested, and a second DNA strand complementary to the first is synthesized by DNA polymerase.  This double-stranded DNA, called complementary DNA (cDNA), is modified by the addition of restriction sites at each end.  Finally, the cDNA is inserted into vector DNA.  A cDN ...
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... form and is then activated during S phase, in a manner that requires both Cdc7 and CDK activities. The formation of an active helicase is associated with the recruitment of additional factors, such as Cdc45 and the four subunits of the GINS complex, which is also dependent on Cdc7 kinase activity. T ...
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... transcribed into cDNA using virus-specific oligonucleotide primers Several different gene targets have been used for amplification including the matrix, HA, and NS protein genes ...
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... Step one, denaturation of DNA strands – occurs at 94oC for 1 min. Heating the strands to this temperature allows for the breaking of the hydrogen bonds which stabilize the complementary base pairs. As a result, the two DNA strands separate. Step two, Annealing of forward and reverse primers to corre ...
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Replisome



The replisome is a complex molecular machine that carries out replication of DNA. The replisome first unwinds double stranded DNA into two single strands. For each of the resulting single strands, a new complementary sequence of DNA is synthesized. The net result is formation of two new double stranded DNA sequences that are exact copies of the original double stranded DNA sequence.In terms of structure, the replisome is composed of two replicative polymerase complexes, one of which synthesizes the leading strand, while the other synthesizes the lagging strand. The replisome is composed of a number of proteins including helicase, RFC, PCNA, gyrase/topoisomerase, SSB/RPA, primase, DNA polymerase I, RNAse H, and ligase.
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