6.8-6.10 Citric acid cycle and Oxidative phosphorylation
... 6.10 Oxidative phosphorylation • At this point in Cellular Respiration only 4 ATP molecules have been produced – 2 in glycolysis – 2 in the citric acid cycle ...
... 6.10 Oxidative phosphorylation • At this point in Cellular Respiration only 4 ATP molecules have been produced – 2 in glycolysis – 2 in the citric acid cycle ...
New Functions for Parts of the Krebs Cycle in Procyclic
... Metabolic Pathways in the Presence of Glucose (10 mM), Glycerol (13 mM), Proline (5 mM), and Threonine (3 mM)—The incubations performed with [6-14C]glucose demonstrated that acetate and succinate were the main excreted end products of glucose metabolism (Fig. 1A), which is in agreement with previous ...
... Metabolic Pathways in the Presence of Glucose (10 mM), Glycerol (13 mM), Proline (5 mM), and Threonine (3 mM)—The incubations performed with [6-14C]glucose demonstrated that acetate and succinate were the main excreted end products of glucose metabolism (Fig. 1A), which is in agreement with previous ...
Cells and Energy
... Animals eat other organisms for food, but food is not a direct source of energy for cells. Instead, all organisms break down molecules from food to produce ATP. Because it occurs in the presence of oxygen, cellular respiration is known as aerobic respiration. ...
... Animals eat other organisms for food, but food is not a direct source of energy for cells. Instead, all organisms break down molecules from food to produce ATP. Because it occurs in the presence of oxygen, cellular respiration is known as aerobic respiration. ...
Unit One: Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General
... phosphate ions, causing increased transport of these substances into the cell ...
... phosphate ions, causing increased transport of these substances into the cell ...
213 lactate dehydrog..
... A. Introduction: Complete oxidation of glucose occurs in both cytoplasm (glycolysis) and mitochondria (Krebs' cycle) In the presence of O2 pyruvate (the product of glycolysis) passes by special pyruvate transporter into mitochondria which proceeds as follows: 1. Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate ...
... A. Introduction: Complete oxidation of glucose occurs in both cytoplasm (glycolysis) and mitochondria (Krebs' cycle) In the presence of O2 pyruvate (the product of glycolysis) passes by special pyruvate transporter into mitochondria which proceeds as follows: 1. Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate ...
Electron Transport Chain
... • The breakdown of organic molecules is an EXERGONIC reaction • FERMENTATION is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without O2 • AEROBIC respiration uses organic molecules such as Carbohydrates, Fat, Protein, Nucleic Acid and O2 ----- yields ATP • ANAEROBIC respiration uses compounds other ...
... • The breakdown of organic molecules is an EXERGONIC reaction • FERMENTATION is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without O2 • AEROBIC respiration uses organic molecules such as Carbohydrates, Fat, Protein, Nucleic Acid and O2 ----- yields ATP • ANAEROBIC respiration uses compounds other ...
U2-D3-03 – PO and Kreb
... __ , . Since two molecules of acetyl-GoA are formed from one molecule of glucose. the Krebs cycle occurs twice for each molecule of glucose processed (Figure 11). ...
... __ , . Since two molecules of acetyl-GoA are formed from one molecule of glucose. the Krebs cycle occurs twice for each molecule of glucose processed (Figure 11). ...
Liver glucose metabolism in humans
... enters the cell to be metabolized. Glucose 6-phosphate may proceed to several metabolic pathways. During the post-prandial period, most glucose 6-phosphate is used to synthesize glycogen via the formation of glucose 1-phosphate and UDP-glucose. Minor amounts of UDPglucose are used to form UDP-glucur ...
... enters the cell to be metabolized. Glucose 6-phosphate may proceed to several metabolic pathways. During the post-prandial period, most glucose 6-phosphate is used to synthesize glycogen via the formation of glucose 1-phosphate and UDP-glucose. Minor amounts of UDPglucose are used to form UDP-glucur ...
as PDF
... Fig. 2. Glycogenesis 4.2 Glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis) In the proceses of glycogen catabolism or glycogenolysis, glycogen, stored in the liver and muscles, is converted first to glucose-1-phosphate and then into glucose-6-phosphate. (Mayes,1975; Voet &;Voet, 2004b). Three enzymes participate i ...
... Fig. 2. Glycogenesis 4.2 Glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis) In the proceses of glycogen catabolism or glycogenolysis, glycogen, stored in the liver and muscles, is converted first to glucose-1-phosphate and then into glucose-6-phosphate. (Mayes,1975; Voet &;Voet, 2004b). Three enzymes participate i ...
6-1
... lactic acid or ethanol or another organic molecule. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... lactic acid or ethanol or another organic molecule. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
Chapter 15 Lecture Notes: Metabolism
... Energy is released from ATP when it is converted to ADP. This energy is used by organisms to drive energy-requiring reactions or physical processes that would otherwise not occur spontaneously. One way that energy can be released from ATP is by reacting it with H2O to form ADP, inorganic phosphate, ...
... Energy is released from ATP when it is converted to ADP. This energy is used by organisms to drive energy-requiring reactions or physical processes that would otherwise not occur spontaneously. One way that energy can be released from ATP is by reacting it with H2O to form ADP, inorganic phosphate, ...
Week 6 Pre-Lecture Slides
... How does the ATP yield of fermentation compared to that of aerobic respiration? In what conditions would the evolution of enzymes and regulation to allow fermentation be advantageous? ...
... How does the ATP yield of fermentation compared to that of aerobic respiration? In what conditions would the evolution of enzymes and regulation to allow fermentation be advantageous? ...
respiration review
... are passed down the 9 components of the ETC, hydrogen ions are pumped across the membrane, from the matrix side into the intermembrane space. As each component of the chain accepts and then donates an electron, it pumps hydrogen protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space. ...
... are passed down the 9 components of the ETC, hydrogen ions are pumped across the membrane, from the matrix side into the intermembrane space. As each component of the chain accepts and then donates an electron, it pumps hydrogen protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space. ...
Unit 4: Cellular Energy Study Guide
... Organisms obtain energy in a process called (21) ___________________________ . This process harvests electrons from carbon compounds, such as (22) _________________________ , and uses that energy to make (23) ___________________________ . ATP is used to provide (24) ___________________________ for c ...
... Organisms obtain energy in a process called (21) ___________________________ . This process harvests electrons from carbon compounds, such as (22) _________________________ , and uses that energy to make (23) ___________________________ . ATP is used to provide (24) ___________________________ for c ...
refresher corner - Heart and Metabolism
... provided by the oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids, its ability to maintain ionic homeostasis during ischemia is finite. Mitochondrial ATP production during ischemia decreases in proportion to the decrease in oxygen supply to the heart. However, the source of energy substrate for any resid ...
... provided by the oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids, its ability to maintain ionic homeostasis during ischemia is finite. Mitochondrial ATP production during ischemia decreases in proportion to the decrease in oxygen supply to the heart. However, the source of energy substrate for any resid ...
Metabolism of erythrocytes
... Red blood cells adopt a sickle shape in a consequence of the forming haemoglobin S fibers The high incidence of sickle-cell disease coincides with a high incidence of malaria Individuals heterozygous in haemoglobin S have a higher resistance to malaria; the malarial parasite spends a portion of its ...
... Red blood cells adopt a sickle shape in a consequence of the forming haemoglobin S fibers The high incidence of sickle-cell disease coincides with a high incidence of malaria Individuals heterozygous in haemoglobin S have a higher resistance to malaria; the malarial parasite spends a portion of its ...
glucose level, haematological parameters and lipid profile in ficus
... which majority of Africa lies is host to about 2/3 of the world’s flora and fauna means that a lot of medicinal plants can be found here for both curative and management of diseases (Sofowora, 1993). Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a common disorder associated with increased morbidity and mortality and ca ...
... which majority of Africa lies is host to about 2/3 of the world’s flora and fauna means that a lot of medicinal plants can be found here for both curative and management of diseases (Sofowora, 1993). Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a common disorder associated with increased morbidity and mortality and ca ...
Cellular Respiration
... • If ATP concentration begins to drop, respiration speeds up; when there is plenty of ATP, respiration slows down • Control of catabolism is based mainly on regulating the activity of enzymes at strategic points in the catabolic pathway ...
... • If ATP concentration begins to drop, respiration speeds up; when there is plenty of ATP, respiration slows down • Control of catabolism is based mainly on regulating the activity of enzymes at strategic points in the catabolic pathway ...
Chapter 9 Cell Respiration
... • If ATP concentration begins to drop, respiration speeds up; when there is plenty of ATP, respiration slows down • Control of catabolism is based mainly on regulating the activity of enzymes at strategic points in the catabolic pathway ...
... • If ATP concentration begins to drop, respiration speeds up; when there is plenty of ATP, respiration slows down • Control of catabolism is based mainly on regulating the activity of enzymes at strategic points in the catabolic pathway ...
Chapter 9
... • If ATP concentration begins to drop, respiration speeds up; when there is plenty of ATP, respiration slows down • Control of catabolism is based mainly on regulating the activity of enzymes at strategic points in the catabolic pathway ...
... • If ATP concentration begins to drop, respiration speeds up; when there is plenty of ATP, respiration slows down • Control of catabolism is based mainly on regulating the activity of enzymes at strategic points in the catabolic pathway ...
Here is a practice Test
... enzymes that catalyze reactions in which groups of elements are removed to form a double bond or are added to an existing double bond c. enzymes that catalyze reactions in which the cleavage of bonds is accomplished by adding water d. enzymes that catalyze the transfer of elements from one molecule ...
... enzymes that catalyze reactions in which groups of elements are removed to form a double bond or are added to an existing double bond c. enzymes that catalyze reactions in which the cleavage of bonds is accomplished by adding water d. enzymes that catalyze the transfer of elements from one molecule ...
Regeneration of NAD+ Lactic Acid Fermentation
... Pyruvate Dehydrogenase, con’t. • Note the role of lipoic acid as a swinging arm that can move to bind to three different active sites. It cycles through three chemical forms. • The overall reaction is irreversible. • The enzyme is found inside the mitochondria. Therefore pyruvate must cross the mito ...
... Pyruvate Dehydrogenase, con’t. • Note the role of lipoic acid as a swinging arm that can move to bind to three different active sites. It cycles through three chemical forms. • The overall reaction is irreversible. • The enzyme is found inside the mitochondria. Therefore pyruvate must cross the mito ...
March 1972 EFFECTS OF VOLATILE FA`M`Y ACIDS, KETONE
... iipolysis by insulin in human fat cells. This effect of insulin could only be demonstrated when the rate of the basal Iipolysis was high. It remains possible, however, that the lack of an effect of insulin is caused by an insensitivity of the tissue, as mentioned for chickens by Langslow and Hales [ ...
... iipolysis by insulin in human fat cells. This effect of insulin could only be demonstrated when the rate of the basal Iipolysis was high. It remains possible, however, that the lack of an effect of insulin is caused by an insensitivity of the tissue, as mentioned for chickens by Langslow and Hales [ ...
A decrease in cellular energy status stimulates PERK
... mediated by a series of steps initiated by the metabolism of glucose, which results in an increase in the cellular ATP/ADP ratio. This increase in the ATP/ADP ratio causes the closure of ATPsensitive potassium channels, leading to membrane depolaization and the subsequent opening of L-type voltage-g ...
... mediated by a series of steps initiated by the metabolism of glucose, which results in an increase in the cellular ATP/ADP ratio. This increase in the ATP/ADP ratio causes the closure of ATPsensitive potassium channels, leading to membrane depolaization and the subsequent opening of L-type voltage-g ...
Glucose
Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. The name ""glucose"" (/ˈɡluːkoʊs/) comes from the Greek word γλευκος, meaning ""sweet wine, must"". The suffix ""-ose"" is a chemical classifier, denoting a carbohydrate. It is also known as dextrose or grape sugar. With 6 carbon atoms, it is classed as a hexose, a sub-category of monosaccharides. α-D-glucose is one of the 16 aldose stereoisomers. The D-isomer (D-glucose) occurs widely in nature, but the L-isomer (L-glucose) does not. Glucose is made during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight. The reverse of the photosynthesis reaction, which releases this energy, is a very important source of power for cellular respiration. Glucose is stored as a polymer, in plants as starch and in animals as glycogen.