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Generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line
Generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line

... performed immunofluorescence staining for the pluripotency transcription factors OCT4 and SOX2, as well as for the hESC surface markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4 and TRA-1-81, which were all expressed in the PDX1 C18R iPSC line (Fig. 2A). To further demonstrate pluripotency of the selected iPSC line we injecte ...
Cell Growth Chapter 10 PPT
Cell Growth Chapter 10 PPT

... By late prophase, centrioles migrate toward opposite ends of the cell. ...
PDF
PDF

... 2006). Arabidopsis forms simple leaves in which the leaf blade is undivided, whereas C. hirsuta produces dissected leaves in which the blade is divided into leaflets (Fig. 2). In both species, the leaves develop from similar primordia produced on the flanks of the SAM. However, the morphology of the ...
Unit 1 content check list
Unit 1 content check list

... Describe how many proteins can come from one gene Describe how post-translational modification can increase the number of forms of proteins Describe how amino acid code is folded into a protein ...
Cell-line authentication demystified
Cell-line authentication demystified

... Methods because the cells they studied were contaminated with other cells 1 . It was not the first case2,3, nor is it likely to be the last. Eterovic helped colleagues clarify that the widely used KU7 line, derived from bladder cancer cells, is in fact the HeLa cell line4. The contamination occurred ...
Insights into Chromatin Structure and Dynamics in Plants
Insights into Chromatin Structure and Dynamics in Plants

... histones containing two copies of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) forming the most fundamental unit of chromatin²the nucleosome [1]. Core histones have been structurally conserved through evolution and have evolved to accomplish two conflicting and yet vital tasks: on one hand t ...
MATTERS OF SEX
MATTERS OF SEX

...  Active X chromosome behaves like euchromatin, with active genes that are transcribed  Inactive X chromosome behaves like heterochromatin ...
Chromatin meets the cell cycle
Chromatin meets the cell cycle

... is often associated with cell differentiation (De Veylder et al., 2011; Fox and Duronio, 2013), suggesting that this particular type of cell cycle may be concomitant with the deposition of epigenetic marks required for the specification of cell identity. The molecular bases of epigenetics have been ...
Gene Section IGF2R (insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor) in Oncology and Haematology
Gene Section IGF2R (insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor) in Oncology and Haematology

... manifests parentally imprinted maternal transcription in the absence of imprinted differential methylation. M6P/IGF2R, thus, is remarkably divergent across animal species with respect to both biochemical and epigenetic properties. Within the imprinted family of genes, M6P/IGF2R manifests a distincti ...
O9.2 Metabolic targets in renal cell cancer
O9.2 Metabolic targets in renal cell cancer

... -overall response rate was 65% (all PR) -Median PFS was 24.2 months -some with durable response for >3 years ...
hBUB1 defects in leukemia and lymphoma cells
hBUB1 defects in leukemia and lymphoma cells

... appearance of abnormal chromosome numbers (aneuploidy) and the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at many genetic loci (Lengauer et al., 1998). Chromosomal aneuploidy is the result of the improper distribution of two chromatids of a chromosome to daughter cells during mitosis. Normally the process is unde ...
1 DNA replication origin function is promoted by H3K4 di
1 DNA replication origin function is promoted by H3K4 di

... surrounding origins plays an essential role in controlling origin activity. For instance, the positioning of nucleosomes near origins can either stimulate or inhibit origin function (Simpson 1990; Crampton et al. 2008; Berbenetz et al. 2010; Eaton et al. 2010). The major protein components of chrom ...
Center for Experimantal Medicine [166
Center for Experimantal Medicine [166

... using an episomal shRNA expression vector inhibited proliferation of embryonic stem cells. Exogenously expressed Bysl tagged with a fluorescent protein was concentrated in the nucleolus with a diffuse nucleoplasmic distribution. Furthermore, loss of Bysl function using RNAi or dominant negative muta ...
Title PPAR interprets a chromatin signature of - DR-NTU
Title PPAR interprets a chromatin signature of - DR-NTU

... Epigenetic post-transcriptional modifications of histone tails are thought to help in coordinating gene expression during development. An epigenetic signature is set in pluripotent cells and interpreted later at the onset of differentiation. In pluripotent cells, epigenetic marks normally associated ...
reproductive cell fate transition in plants - Development
reproductive cell fate transition in plants - Development

... The life cycle of flowering plants is marked by several post-embryonic developmental transitions during which novel cell fates are established. Notably, the reproductive lineages are first formed during flower development. The differentiation of spore mother cells, which are destined for meiosis, ma ...
Dharmacon Solutions for Studying Gene Function
Dharmacon Solutions for Studying Gene Function

... We have a number of online tools for checking specificity of CRISPR target sequences, analyzing primers, identifying microRNA seed matches and performing other useful calculations. ...
Epigenetic Regulation of Higher Order Chromatin
Epigenetic Regulation of Higher Order Chromatin

... the different epigenetic marks. In other words, is there a universal code that would associate certain epigenetic marks or a certain combination of marks with specific nuclear function, such as repression or activation of transcription? The slowly emerging picture from genome wide mapping studies in ...
Gel Electrophoresis!
Gel Electrophoresis!

... 2. Infect patient’s bone marrow/stem cells in lab 3. Inject recombinant stem cells into patient’s bone marrow. – Still in its trial stages, but holds promise for treating various genetic disorders – Many setbacks including patient deaths due to severe immune response to viral vectors ...
Epigenetics - Institute for Cancer Genetics
Epigenetics - Institute for Cancer Genetics

... transcription, mRNA degradation, splicing, transport and translation (21). The main function of siRNAs and miRNAs is posttranscriptional regulation. They pair with homologous mRNAs and may cause translational repression or more generally degradation (21). In addition, both types of small RNA molecul ...
Al Maha Academy For Girls
Al Maha Academy For Girls

... pluripotency and totipotency and discuss the way in which society uses scientific knowledge to make decisions about the use of stem cells in medical therapies (e.g. regulatory authorities relating to human embryo research, ability of stem cells to develop into specialised tissues, potential sources ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... performed at 37°C O/N. Thereafter, the slides were washed for 2 minutes in 0.43 SSC (Life Technologies) with 0.3% Igepal-CA630 (Sigma-Aldrich), 1 minute in 23 SSC with 0.1% Igepal-CA630, and 5 minutes in 23 SSC. For chromogranin A (CHGA) staining, FISH was performed first, followed by immunostaining ...
Retinoic acid-mediated activation of HNF-3a
Retinoic acid-mediated activation of HNF-3a

... node, notochord floor plate, and gut. The expression of HNF-3a, on the other hand, is restricted to definitive endoderm, gut, and the floorplate of the midbrain. Although expression of the HNF-3a and HNF-3/3 genes is restricted to liver and lung in the adult, they may also play a more extensive role ...
Reciprocal Translocation
Reciprocal Translocation

... A heterozygote for a normal chromosome and an inversion will form an inversion loop during meiosis. The number of recombinant products is reduced in inversion heterozygotes by: 1) elimination of crossing over products within the inversion loop, and 2) inhibition of pairing between homologues in the ...
Regulation of chromatin by histone modifications
Regulation of chromatin by histone modifications

... activation of PARP-1 leads to elevated levels of core histone acetylation [39]. Moreover, PARP-1-mediated ribosylation of the H3K4me3 demethylase KDM5B inhibits the demethylase and excludes it from chromatin, while simultaneously excluding H1, thereby making target promoters more accessible [40]. Hi ...
[2] Kee HJ*, Eom GH*, Joung H et al., Activation of histone
[2] Kee HJ*, Eom GH*, Joung H et al., Activation of histone

... associated with those of process [1, 2]. Recently, we have demonstrated that the acetylation of HDAC2 K75 could induce S394 phosphorylation [3]; however, specific mechanism for intermodifications regulation in the single protein largely remains unclear. Objective: We aimed to delineate the regulatio ...
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Epigenetics in stem-cell differentiation

Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewing and differentiating to the desired fate depending on its position within the body. Stem cell homeostasis is maintained through epigenetic mechanisms that are highly dynamic in regulating the chromatin structure as well as specific gene transcription programs. Epigenetics has been used to refer to changes in gene expression, which are heritable through modifications not affecting the DNA sequence.The mammalian epigenome undergoes global remodeling during early stem cell development that requires commitment of cells to be restricted to the desired lineage. There has been multiple evidence suggesting that the maintenance of the lineage commitment of stem cells are controlled by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation of ATP-dependent remolding of chromatin structure. Based on the histone code hypothesis, distinct covalent histone modifications can lead to functionally distinct chromatin structures that influence the fate of the cell.This regulation of chromatin through epigenetic modifications is a molecular mechanism that will determine whether the cell will continue to differentiate into the desired fate. A research study performed by Lee et al. examined the effects of epigenetic modifications on the chromatin structure and the modulation of these epigenetic markers during stem cell differentiation through in vitro differentiation of murine embryonic stem (ES) cells.
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