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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis

... Transcription controlled by DNA-binding proteins called transcription factors Bind to a promoter adjacent to a gene ...
Generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line
Generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line

... performed immunofluorescence staining for the pluripotency transcription factors OCT4 and SOX2, as well as for the hESC surface markers SSEA-3, SSEA-4 and TRA-1-81, which were all expressed in the PDX1 P33T iPSC line (Fig. 2A). To further demonstrate pluripotency of the selected iPSC line we injecte ...
Proposed Syllabus for M. Sc. Biotechnology
Proposed Syllabus for M. Sc. Biotechnology

... will be of 45-minute duration during which the presentation will be followed by questions session by the audience comprising of faculty and students. Every student shall be required to submit the topic of his/her seminar in consultation with the Head of the Department/Faculty members well in advance ...
AMP v. Myriad – Brief History
AMP v. Myriad – Brief History

... 1. A replicating in vitro cell culture of pluripotent human embryonic stem cells derived from a pre-implantation embryo, wherein the stem cells (i) will proliferate in an in vitro culture for over one year in an undifferentiated state without the application of exogenous leukemia inhibitory factor, ...
Single Cell DNA Damage/Repair Assay Using HaloChip
Single Cell DNA Damage/Repair Assay Using HaloChip

... PVA and silicon (image not shown). The patterned areas are modified with APTES to have amine terminated positively charged groups that can attract cells through electrostatic attractions.22 MG-63 cells are seeded on the patterned substrate at an area density of 100−3000 cells/mm2 depending on the pa ...
Cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells: From laboratory
Cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells: From laboratory

... 2000, Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor's team demonstrated contracting structures containing CMs could be produced by spontaneous differentiation of hESCs via three-dimensional embryoid bodies [21]. Subsequent research has shown that CMs derived from both hESC and hiPSC display many of the structural and func ...
Identifying Factors that Control Mechanoreceptor Neuron
Identifying Factors that Control Mechanoreceptor Neuron

... mutant via EMS mutagenesis (4A1). This mutant has displayed a consistent, morphological mutant phenotype in every successive generation, indicating that it is a truebreeding mutant. The 4A1 mutant phenotype, which involves irregularly wavy TRN morphology (along the ALM and PLM processes), suggests t ...
Dangerous Ideas and Forbidden Knowledge, Spring 2005 Lab 3
Dangerous Ideas and Forbidden Knowledge, Spring 2005 Lab 3

... In lab today, we will be working with DNA from two hypothetical parents. These parents would like to test their DNA, and their child’s DNA, for the Sickle Cell gene. There are a variety of ways such a test could be conducted, including through the use of a Southern Blot. To conduct a Southern Blot, ...
Lab 3 In Search of the Sickle Cell GeneSp08
Lab 3 In Search of the Sickle Cell GeneSp08

... In lab today, we will be working with DNA from two hypothetical parents. These parents would like to test their DNA, and their child’s DNA, for the Sickle Cell gene. There are a variety of ways such a test could be conducted, including through the use of a Southern Blot. To conduct a Southern Blot, ...
Cells 9 (Reading)
Cells 9 (Reading)

... is in the genes, it is also true to state that it is in the proteins as well. Proteins form your body’s structure and perform nearly all the work involved in being alive. So you see; it is how proteins are put together that determines whether you have fast long muscles or more powerful stout muscles ...
Gene Therapy
Gene Therapy

... DNA/PEI polyplexes were encapsulated inside MMP-degradable PEG hydrogels through mixing the polyplexes with prepolymer solution. Fluorescently labeled polyplexes were loaded inside the hydrogel and imaged by confocal microscope. At higher concentration of polyplexes (50 g/100 L), aggregation was ob ...
An artifact in studies of gene regulation using β
An artifact in studies of gene regulation using β

... strain of Escherichia coli H2331 (DlacU169) [4]. The modified strain, termed E. coli H2331 PfurAF–lacZ, weakly produced b-gal as determined by colony color (white vs. blue) on agar plates containing X-gal [5] and by the Miller assay (70 Miller units) [6], suggesting that PfurAF exhibited weak transcr ...
Cell Division: Turning cell cycle entry on its head | eLife
Cell Division: Turning cell cycle entry on its head | eLife

... regulation of Rb activity. (A) The cell cycle involves the following phases: the S-phase, during which DNA is duplicated, and the M-phase (or mitosis), during which chromosome segregation and cell division happen. A gap or G1-phase precedes the S-phase, and the G2-phase happens before the M-phase. C ...
Regulation of Gene Action
Regulation of Gene Action

... and off in different cells. (There are other mechanisms as well but this is our focus.) E.g. globin genes are expressed only in erythroblasts and are turned off in muscle cells. Myosin genes are on in muscle cells but off in erythrocytes. Progression through the cell cycle also requires turning diff ...
What Do You Mean, “Epigenetic”?
What Do You Mean, “Epigenetic”?

... 2010). Those in the field of genetics concerned with DNA methylation, chromatin activity states, chromosomal imprinting, centromere function, etc., predominantly use Holliday’s notion of epigenetics. They are interested in how expression patterns persist across different cells (mitosis) and generatio ...
Drosophila Set1 is the major histone H3 lysine 4 trimethyltransferase
Drosophila Set1 is the major histone H3 lysine 4 trimethyltransferase

... knockdown (KD) studies demonstrated that dSet1 is responsible for bulk H3K4 di- and trimethylation, while the KD of Trx or Trr had less pronounced effects on H3K4me2/3. dSet1 co-localizes with H3K4me3 and transcribing Pol II on polytene chromosome, and the loss of the dSet1-complex subunit, dCfp1, d ...
B-Cell Gene Rearrangement
B-Cell Gene Rearrangement

... Genomic DNA is extracted from blood, lymph node, bone marrow, or other tissue types (formalin-fixed or fresh) and the rearranged immunoglobulin heavy (and/or light) chain genes are amplified by PCR using a multiplex primer method based on the BIOMED-2 strategy (1,2). Precise fragment sizing of the a ...
Chapter 6: Extranuclear Inheritance, Imprinting, and Maternal Effect
Chapter 6: Extranuclear Inheritance, Imprinting, and Maternal Effect

... 2. In mouse, the gene Igf2 encodes a protein _________ called insulin-like growth factor 2. 3. The Igf2 gene is imprinted such that only the _________ allele is transcribed in somatic cells. 4. For most imprinted genes, _________ causes an inhibition of gene expression. 5. In humans, PWS and AS are ...
FROM MOLECULAR PATTERNS TO MORPHOGENESIS THE LESSONS FROM DROSOPHILA
FROM MOLECULAR PATTERNS TO MORPHOGENESIS THE LESSONS FROM DROSOPHILA

... embryos from hatching to the larval stage, and only about 2. 5% caused visible alterations in the external morphology of the embryo. These 580 mutations could be assigned by complementation tests to one of 139 different genes. The relative smallness of this final number was an important result, sinc ...
CpG methylation analysis from targeted
CpG methylation analysis from targeted

... RainDance Technologies (RDT) has extended the capabilities of the RDT 1000 to target genomic regions of bisulfite converted DNA. This approach used in conjunction with highthroughput sequencing enables researchers to measure the methylation status of targeted regions of the genome with complete sequ ...
Structure of promoter
Structure of promoter

... • Occurs on Cytosine in 5’ position • inhibits transcription if methylated region is close to a promoter, which is the case for CpG islands. • CpG island associated with HCG are often hypomthylated =>more expressed . It is often associted with House-keeping gene. •Whereas, in promoter with lower CpG ...
Cloning - huffgenes
Cloning - huffgenes

... males. It also happens randomly, meaning that not every cell turns off the same X chromosome. As a result, Rainbow developed as a mosaic of cells that had one or the other coat color gene inactivated - some patches of cells specified black, other patches specified orange, and still others specified ...
Alkaline Phosphatase - Lake Forest College
Alkaline Phosphatase - Lake Forest College

... phosphatase activity. Alkaline phosphatase activity is controlled by zinc levels because of zinc’s catalytic effect upon binding to the enzyme. Streptomyces Griseus was identified as a model organism based on a BLAST and Zinc 1 binding sites located at nucleotides 326, 330, and 412 were targeted as ...
Regulation of DNA Replication during the Yeast Cell Cycle.
Regulation of DNA Replication during the Yeast Cell Cycle.

... ways: a-factor treatment (resulting in G1 arrest; Pringle and Hartwell 1981); hydroxyurea treatment (resulting in arrest during S phase; Slater 1973); nocodazole treatment (resulting in arrest at mitosis; Huffaker et al. 1988); and 37~ (resulting in the cdc46 arrest). The chromosomes were separated ...
Supplementary Information (doc 116K)
Supplementary Information (doc 116K)

... deletion series generated from the 5’ region of the Jdp2 gene (Supplementary Figure S7B). We detected WT and mutated Jdp2 alleles by Southern blotting and PCR-based genotyping. The genotype study also demonstrated that the F2 offspring produced by mating heterozygous males and females conformed to M ...
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Epigenetics in stem-cell differentiation

Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewing and differentiating to the desired fate depending on its position within the body. Stem cell homeostasis is maintained through epigenetic mechanisms that are highly dynamic in regulating the chromatin structure as well as specific gene transcription programs. Epigenetics has been used to refer to changes in gene expression, which are heritable through modifications not affecting the DNA sequence.The mammalian epigenome undergoes global remodeling during early stem cell development that requires commitment of cells to be restricted to the desired lineage. There has been multiple evidence suggesting that the maintenance of the lineage commitment of stem cells are controlled by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation of ATP-dependent remolding of chromatin structure. Based on the histone code hypothesis, distinct covalent histone modifications can lead to functionally distinct chromatin structures that influence the fate of the cell.This regulation of chromatin through epigenetic modifications is a molecular mechanism that will determine whether the cell will continue to differentiate into the desired fate. A research study performed by Lee et al. examined the effects of epigenetic modifications on the chromatin structure and the modulation of these epigenetic markers during stem cell differentiation through in vitro differentiation of murine embryonic stem (ES) cells.
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