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Unit 4 Mitosis, Meiosis and cell regulation
Unit 4 Mitosis, Meiosis and cell regulation

... Be able to relate what stem cells are and the differences between the types of cloning and the types of stem cells Be able to explain the lac operon and trp operon and their overall goal. Be able to explain the three post-transcriptional modifications of eukaryotic cells. Be able to explain the two ...
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... 3. Embryonic stem cell-mediated gene transfer Gene transfer by microinjection is the predominant method used to produce transgenic farm animals. Since the insertion of DNA results in a random process, transgenic animals are mated to ensure that their offspring acquire the desired transgene. However, ...
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... How can a four "letter" code provide information that determines many, many different traits? ...
epigenetics
epigenetics

... study of these reactions and the factors that influence them SLIDE 1 Epigenetic inheritance is the transmission of information from (1) a cell or (2) multicellular organism to its descendants (another cell or organism) without that information being encoded in the nucleotide sequence of the gene. Ep ...
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... • Nucleus removed from a human egg cell • Nucleus from a patient's cell put into the egg cell • Egg cell stimulated to develop into an embryo • Stem cells taken from the embryo ...
MIT Department of Biology 7.013: Introductory Biology - Spring 2005
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... progenitor, the haemangioblast. Upon haematopoietic commitment, the haemangioblast generates blood precursors through populations of endothelial cells with haemogenic properties, but what regulates the generation of haemogenic endothelium? Here (p. 1587), Valerie Kouskoff and colleagues use mouse em ...
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... progenitor, the haemangioblast. Upon haematopoietic commitment, the haemangioblast generates blood precursors through populations of endothelial cells with haemogenic properties, but what regulates the generation of haemogenic endothelium? Here (p. 1587), Valerie Kouskoff and colleagues use mouse em ...
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Metabolic interplay in the stem cell niche of the small intestine

... The small intestinal epithelium self-renews every 4–5 days. Intestinal stem cells (Lgr5+CBCs crypt based columnar cells) sustain this renewal and reside between terminally differentiated Paneth cells (PCs) at the bottom of the intestinal crypt. The ability to grow in vitro small intestinal organoids ...
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Cells Intro

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Epigenetics in stem-cell differentiation

Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewing and differentiating to the desired fate depending on its position within the body. Stem cell homeostasis is maintained through epigenetic mechanisms that are highly dynamic in regulating the chromatin structure as well as specific gene transcription programs. Epigenetics has been used to refer to changes in gene expression, which are heritable through modifications not affecting the DNA sequence.The mammalian epigenome undergoes global remodeling during early stem cell development that requires commitment of cells to be restricted to the desired lineage. There has been multiple evidence suggesting that the maintenance of the lineage commitment of stem cells are controlled by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation of ATP-dependent remolding of chromatin structure. Based on the histone code hypothesis, distinct covalent histone modifications can lead to functionally distinct chromatin structures that influence the fate of the cell.This regulation of chromatin through epigenetic modifications is a molecular mechanism that will determine whether the cell will continue to differentiate into the desired fate. A research study performed by Lee et al. examined the effects of epigenetic modifications on the chromatin structure and the modulation of these epigenetic markers during stem cell differentiation through in vitro differentiation of murine embryonic stem (ES) cells.
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