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High-impact Sectors: the Challenge of Reporting on Climate Change
High-impact Sectors: the Challenge of Reporting on Climate Change

... BRIC+SA countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), the majority of which are from the metals and mining, and oil and gas sectors. The study shows that large companies from Brazil, China, India and South Africa report on their climate change policy; that they report on their climate c ...
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

... change mitigation potential of industrial biotechnology ranges between 1 billion and 2.5 billion tCO2e per year by 2030, compared with a scenario in which no industrial biotechnology applications are available.1 This is more than Germany’s total reported emissions in 1990. However, the type of emiss ...
China -- CAIT briefing - BASIC
China -- CAIT briefing - BASIC

... International Sectoral Cooperation • Different “forms” of sectoral cooperation • How important is the sector? [% global GHGs] • Underlying rationale for sectoral cooperation ...
Climate change threatens the fight against poverty
Climate change threatens the fight against poverty

... to the IPCC sea-level rise might be 28-58 cm by 2100. However, the international research institute Met Office Hadley Centre predicts that a irreversible melting of the Greenland ice-cap will occur at a local increase of the temperature of 3°C, which equalize with a global increase of 1,5°C. Met Of ...
Fourth Carbon Budget Review – part 1
Fourth Carbon Budget Review – part 1

... fluctuations and cooling from other natural factors. Similar periods occurred in the 20th Century, and they are consistent with longer-term warming. • Recent assessments of the likely temperature change in response to greenhouse gas concentrations confirm previous ones. In particular, the IPCC prov ...
Getting to Zero - Forum for the Future
Getting to Zero - Forum for the Future

... even be some legal risk to embracing a narrow boundary, with regulatory bodies such as the Advertising Standards Authority in the UK advising against companies making absolute claims of any kind. Embracing a broad boundary poses a number of practical problems however. Measuring emissions up and down ...
Transient Earth system responses to cumulative
Transient Earth system responses to cumulative

... to quantify the global mean surface air temperature (SAT) change associated with a doubling of atmospheric CO2 (e.g. Knutti and Hegerl, 2008). The TCR measures the short-term response (i.e., the temperature increase at the time of doubling atmospheric CO2 in a simulation with 1 % yr−1 increase), whi ...
in ACP.
in ACP.

... The rise in energy consumption by the growing human population and the increasing mobility are associated with emissions of air pollutants in particular by road and air traffic as well as international shipping. These emissions are expected to increase in future, affecting air quality and climate (K ...
Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research The Met. Office
Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research The Met. Office

Alberta Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program
Alberta Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program

... 1.1 Specified Gas Reporting Program Requirements The Alberta Specified Gas Reporting Program requires that all large Alberta facilities emitting 50 kilotonnes (kt) or more of greenhouse gases in carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2 e) units per year - based on the sum of direct emissions of carbon dioxide ...
CDM in Crisis – What is at Stake?
CDM in Crisis – What is at Stake?

... climate change. CDM is playing a role in putting China and India on a lower carbon trajectory. Innovative new technologies have also been developed under the CDM. Cutting edge technologies have been transferred to developing countries. The CDM has led to pioneering coal mine methane capture projects ...
Module: Introduction
Module: Introduction

... The Board of Directors of the Company has overall responsibility for the oversight of risk management at Ford. Day-to-day risk management is the responsibility of management, which has implemented risk management processes to identify, manage and monitor risks that face the Company. The oversight re ...


... knowledge  and  “requires  the  social  scientist  to  grasp  the  subjective  meaning  of  social  action”  (Bryman 2001, p.13). In turn, it does not allow for natural science‐like generalizations but rather for  case‐specific understanding.  1.2.2 | Discourse analysis  Within this ontological fram ...
A Global Response to HFCs through Fair and
A Global Response to HFCs through Fair and

... CBDR-RC ...
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Impact of climate change on tropospheric ozone
Impact of climate change on tropospheric ozone

... The baseline run A covers the years 1996–2000 using emissions for year 2000 and is used to verify the model performance against observations. Run B uses 2100 emissions to assess changes of tropospheric composition only due to changes in these anthropogenic emissions. Run C calculates future changes ...
Mitigating climate change through reductions in greenhouse gas emissions: the science and economics of future paths for global annual emissions (1 MB) (opens in new window)
Mitigating climate change through reductions in greenhouse gas emissions: the science and economics of future paths for global annual emissions (1 MB) (opens in new window)

... Executive Summary ...
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF THE GREEN CLIMATE FUND*
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF THE GREEN CLIMATE FUND*

... The Green Climate Fund (GCF) has been one of the core issues of the world climate summits under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in recent years. However, the GCF has not progressed smoothly, and currently there are no satisfactory schemes for raising and distributi ...
Mitigating climate change through reductions in greenhouse gas
Mitigating climate change through reductions in greenhouse gas

... Executive Summary ...
The greenhouse effect and climate change : a
The greenhouse effect and climate change : a

... discussion by the New Zealand Climate Change Programme, July 2001 Principal conclusions of IPCC Working Group I relating to climate change Extreme weather and climate events: estimates of confidence in observed and projected changes Summary of the SRES emission scenario storyline groupings, IPCC 200 ...
Working Group on Carbon Pricing Mechanisms
Working Group on Carbon Pricing Mechanisms

... low-carbon technologies, fostering new niche industries, start-ups and job creation, and creating new economic growth engines. In short, carbon pricing has the potential for encouraging companies to rethink their procedures and, if needed, reinvent themselves in the immediate and in the long term. ...
Exploring comparable post-2012 reduction efforts for Annex I
Exploring comparable post-2012 reduction efforts for Annex I

... EU Heads of State and Government agreed in March 2007 that the EU will reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to 30% below 1990 levels by 2020 within a global and comprehensive post-2012 climate agreement. This commitment is provided that other developed countries commit to comparable reductions. Withi ...
international conventions, agencies, agreements and programmes
international conventions, agencies, agreements and programmes

... reduce poverty and defeat hunger, especially in developing countries while the latter sets standards for transporting commodities between countries by sea. UNDP, UNEP, MICCA and UN-REDD are programmes under the UN directly or of the UN agency FAO. UNDP and UNEP were established more than 40 years ag ...
HCFC Phase out
HCFC Phase out

... counties is low in comparison to developed countries, but this is rapidly changing. For example, in China this is sector accounts for about 10 per cent of total electricity consumption, compared to about 30 per cent in developed countries. However, the use of air conditioners by urban residents has ...
IPCC SPECIAL REPORT EMISSIONS SCENARIOS
IPCC SPECIAL REPORT EMISSIONS SCENARIOS

... Report do not include additional climate initiatives, which means that no scenarios are included that explicitly assume implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) or the emissions targets of the Kyoto Protocol. However, GHG emissions are directly affected by ...
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Kyoto Protocol



The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty, which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits State Parties to reduce greenhouse gases emissions, based on the premise that (a) global warming exists and (b) man-made CO2 emissions have caused it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December, 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. There are currently 192 Parties (Canada withdrew effective December 2012) to the Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol implemented the objective of the UNFCCC to fight global warming by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to ""a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system"" (Art. 2). The Protocol is based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities: it puts the obligation to reduce current emissions on developed countries on the basis that they are historically responsible for the current levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.The Protocol’s first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012. A second commitment period was agreed on in 2012, known as the Doha Amendment to the protocol, in which 37 countries have binding targets: Australia, the European Union (and its 28 member states), Belarus, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, and Ukraine. Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine have stated that they may withdraw from the Protocol or not put into legal force the Amendment with second round targets. Japan, New Zealand and Russia have participated in Kyoto's first-round but have not taken on new targets in the second commitment period. Other developed countries without second-round targets are Canada (which withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol in 2012) and the United States (which has not ratified the Protocol). As of July 2015, 36 states have accepted the Doha Amendment, while entry into force requires the acceptances of 144 states.Negotiations were held in Lima in 2014 to agree on a post-Kyoto legal framework that would obligate all major polluters to pay for CO2 emissions. China, India, and the United States have all signaled that they will not ratify any treaty that will commit them legally to reduce CO2 emissions.
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