States (and Cities) as Actors in Global Climate Regulation: Unitary
... to 1990 levels by 2010 and to 10% below 1990 levels by 2020;17 six western states and two Canadian provinces formed the Western Climate Initiative, calling for reductions in CO2 and other GHG emissions to 15% below 2005 levels in the next 13 years and the creation of market-based mechanism to force ...
... to 1990 levels by 2010 and to 10% below 1990 levels by 2020;17 six western states and two Canadian provinces formed the Western Climate Initiative, calling for reductions in CO2 and other GHG emissions to 15% below 2005 levels in the next 13 years and the creation of market-based mechanism to force ...
Win-win? CDM hydropower projects and their - diss.fu
... respect to (a) their ability to advance the goals of the CDM and (b) their implications for climate justice. The text is structured into three sections. The first section explores the rationale of carbon offsetting and outlines the administrative structure of the CDM as well as the most important re ...
... respect to (a) their ability to advance the goals of the CDM and (b) their implications for climate justice. The text is structured into three sections. The first section explores the rationale of carbon offsetting and outlines the administrative structure of the CDM as well as the most important re ...
Understanding public complacency about climate
... sources are implemented, existing stocks of GHG-generating capital (automobiles, industrial plant and equipment, housing, infrastructure) are only gradually replaced or retrofitted, while noncarbon alternatives are only gradually developed and deployed (Fiddaman 2002). The longest response delays, h ...
... sources are implemented, existing stocks of GHG-generating capital (automobiles, industrial plant and equipment, housing, infrastructure) are only gradually replaced or retrofitted, while noncarbon alternatives are only gradually developed and deployed (Fiddaman 2002). The longest response delays, h ...
PBL rapport 500114012 Meeting the 2 degrees Celsius target
... a large scope to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from power generation. Development of a connecting super grid on a continental scale, combined with a smart grid at local scale, would facilitate penetration of large-scale renewable power production, but also allow for a combination with decentralise ...
... a large scope to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from power generation. Development of a connecting super grid on a continental scale, combined with a smart grid at local scale, would facilitate penetration of large-scale renewable power production, but also allow for a combination with decentralise ...
Master in de rechten
... solution can never be perfect, many good things can happen and will have to happen. ...
... solution can never be perfect, many good things can happen and will have to happen. ...
Low Emissions Diet
... agriculture sector. With its environmental cost factored into the end price, a product such as beef would be considered a luxury, with a substantial reduction in demand and supply. All proceeds from (for example) a carbon tax could be returned to the community through personal income tax reductions ...
... agriculture sector. With its environmental cost factored into the end price, a product such as beef would be considered a luxury, with a substantial reduction in demand and supply. All proceeds from (for example) a carbon tax could be returned to the community through personal income tax reductions ...
Titill greinar
... Iceland is party to the UNFCCC and has commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. According to the Kyoto commitments, net emissions should not exceed 10% increase beyond 1990 levels. In addition, according to provision 14/CP.7 of the Kyoto Protocol, new industrial projects that increase national emission ...
... Iceland is party to the UNFCCC and has commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. According to the Kyoto commitments, net emissions should not exceed 10% increase beyond 1990 levels. In addition, according to provision 14/CP.7 of the Kyoto Protocol, new industrial projects that increase national emission ...
Climate Change and the World Council of Churches
... Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Once the UNFCCC was ratified by a sufficient number of countries, the major annual implementation negotiating sessions began at the Conferences of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COPs). A delegation of the WCC was present at all COPs and at many of them, the WCC acc ...
... Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Once the UNFCCC was ratified by a sufficient number of countries, the major annual implementation negotiating sessions began at the Conferences of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COPs). A delegation of the WCC was present at all COPs and at many of them, the WCC acc ...
Table 2: Effects of including different features on the estimated costs
... warming greater than 2 degrees Celsius (°C) by the end of the century—requires rapid and largescale reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from both developed and major-emitting developing countries (see Box 1). Reducing emissions from tropical forests offers an immediate opportunity to mitiga ...
... warming greater than 2 degrees Celsius (°C) by the end of the century—requires rapid and largescale reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from both developed and major-emitting developing countries (see Box 1). Reducing emissions from tropical forests offers an immediate opportunity to mitiga ...
Environmental federalism - Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service
... that we observe. Setting aside for now the possible social gains from decentralization of authority, policy design will be an exercise in futility without an understanding of the institutional environment and its effect on the flow of information and incentives through layers of authority (Ostrom 20 ...
... that we observe. Setting aside for now the possible social gains from decentralization of authority, policy design will be an exercise in futility without an understanding of the institutional environment and its effect on the flow of information and incentives through layers of authority (Ostrom 20 ...
Independent review of the Climate Change (State Action) Act 2008
... change and contribute to the broader national and international response to those challenges. The Act has legislated the State’s greenhouse gas emissions target, which is for a 60% reduction on 1990 levels by 2050. The latest (2014) greenhouse gas accounts indicate that Tasmania’s emissions have bee ...
... change and contribute to the broader national and international response to those challenges. The Act has legislated the State’s greenhouse gas emissions target, which is for a 60% reduction on 1990 levels by 2050. The latest (2014) greenhouse gas accounts indicate that Tasmania’s emissions have bee ...
Climate phoenix - Grattan Institute
... future emissions reduction targets. If they follow this roadmap, present and future governments will be able to meet their commitments to limit global warming while easing the cost and disruption to Australian households and businesses. The government’s current policies create incentives to reduce e ...
... future emissions reduction targets. If they follow this roadmap, present and future governments will be able to meet their commitments to limit global warming while easing the cost and disruption to Australian households and businesses. The government’s current policies create incentives to reduce e ...
Tokyo - IETA
... Excess credits: 22 When a covered facility reduces emissions by more than its compliance obligation, it can apply for credit issuance within a given period after the emissions are determined. In this instance, the facility can sell its excess credits amounting up to one-half of its base year emissio ...
... Excess credits: 22 When a covered facility reduces emissions by more than its compliance obligation, it can apply for credit issuance within a given period after the emissions are determined. In this instance, the facility can sell its excess credits amounting up to one-half of its base year emissio ...
Turning Up the Heat - Environmental Investigation Agency
... While good progress has been made to address both ozone depletion and climate change, these two issues have generally been treated as separate problems with separate solutions. This has resulted in outdated and uncoordinated policy responses. Of particular importance, and the focus of this report, i ...
... While good progress has been made to address both ozone depletion and climate change, these two issues have generally been treated as separate problems with separate solutions. This has resulted in outdated and uncoordinated policy responses. Of particular importance, and the focus of this report, i ...
Feeding nine billion in a low emissions economy: Challenging, but
... 1. Agriculture is a very large emitter of greenhouse gases, more than quarter of all emissions when land conversion to farming is included. The share of emissions rises still further if those from the rest of the food system are included. 2. Developing countries are responsible for three‐quarter ...
... 1. Agriculture is a very large emitter of greenhouse gases, more than quarter of all emissions when land conversion to farming is included. The share of emissions rises still further if those from the rest of the food system are included. 2. Developing countries are responsible for three‐quarter ...
T M Climate Negotiations After the Copenhagen Overview of Emissions Targets
... Greenhouse gas emissions reduction pledges submitted to the UNFCCC as part of the Copenhagen Accord process are insufficient to limit temperature increase to 2°C relative to pre-industrial global mean temperatures. Only a few reports have analyzed the emissions reductions goals expressed by various ...
... Greenhouse gas emissions reduction pledges submitted to the UNFCCC as part of the Copenhagen Accord process are insufficient to limit temperature increase to 2°C relative to pre-industrial global mean temperatures. Only a few reports have analyzed the emissions reductions goals expressed by various ...
Working Paper 177 - Grodecka & Kuralbayeva (opens in new window)
... Growth Institute. It has nine research programmes: 1. Adaptation and development 2. Carbon trading and finance 3. Ecosystems, resources and the natural environment 4. Energy, technology and trade 5. Future generations and social justice 6. Growth and the economy 7. International environmental negoti ...
... Growth Institute. It has nine research programmes: 1. Adaptation and development 2. Carbon trading and finance 3. Ecosystems, resources and the natural environment 4. Energy, technology and trade 5. Future generations and social justice 6. Growth and the economy 7. International environmental negoti ...
SoE 08 Part 4.1 Atmos - Commissioner for Environmental
... • Victoria has warmed by 0.6°C since the 1950s; a faster rate of warming than the Australian average and the last ten years have been hotter than average in Victoria, with 2007 being the hottest year on record. • Since 1990, changes to both global temperature and sea level have tracked at the upper ...
... • Victoria has warmed by 0.6°C since the 1950s; a faster rate of warming than the Australian average and the last ten years have been hotter than average in Victoria, with 2007 being the hottest year on record. • Since 1990, changes to both global temperature and sea level have tracked at the upper ...
![[City/Town/County] of [Jurisdiction]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/009873853_1-d2fc2e5a50e57e7f497f2a8b0bd99ac1-300x300.png)
[City/Town/County] of [Jurisdiction]
... government participants are firmly committed to building on existing efforts to reduce the emissions that cause global warming. Regional governments and nations across the world can only manage what they measure. The first step in managing greenhouse gas emissions, therefore, is to establish an inve ...
... government participants are firmly committed to building on existing efforts to reduce the emissions that cause global warming. Regional governments and nations across the world can only manage what they measure. The first step in managing greenhouse gas emissions, therefore, is to establish an inve ...
Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty, which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits State Parties to reduce greenhouse gases emissions, based on the premise that (a) global warming exists and (b) man-made CO2 emissions have caused it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December, 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. There are currently 192 Parties (Canada withdrew effective December 2012) to the Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol implemented the objective of the UNFCCC to fight global warming by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to ""a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system"" (Art. 2). The Protocol is based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities: it puts the obligation to reduce current emissions on developed countries on the basis that they are historically responsible for the current levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.The Protocol’s first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012. A second commitment period was agreed on in 2012, known as the Doha Amendment to the protocol, in which 37 countries have binding targets: Australia, the European Union (and its 28 member states), Belarus, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, and Ukraine. Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine have stated that they may withdraw from the Protocol or not put into legal force the Amendment with second round targets. Japan, New Zealand and Russia have participated in Kyoto's first-round but have not taken on new targets in the second commitment period. Other developed countries without second-round targets are Canada (which withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol in 2012) and the United States (which has not ratified the Protocol). As of July 2015, 36 states have accepted the Doha Amendment, while entry into force requires the acceptances of 144 states.Negotiations were held in Lima in 2014 to agree on a post-Kyoto legal framework that would obligate all major polluters to pay for CO2 emissions. China, India, and the United States have all signaled that they will not ratify any treaty that will commit them legally to reduce CO2 emissions.