Influence of future anthropogenic emissions on climate, natural
... [Ketefian and Jacobson, 2009]. Nine layers existed below each ocean mixed-layer grid cell in which energy and chemical diffusion from the mixed layer to the deep ocean and ocean chemistry were solved [Jacobson, 2005c]. As such, climate responses accounted for ocean feedbacks. ...
... [Ketefian and Jacobson, 2009]. Nine layers existed below each ocean mixed-layer grid cell in which energy and chemical diffusion from the mixed layer to the deep ocean and ocean chemistry were solved [Jacobson, 2005c]. As such, climate responses accounted for ocean feedbacks. ...
Public Acceptability of Climate Change Mitigation
... suggest a preference for polluter-pays principle over the principle that only rich countries should pay. None the less, their results, however, suggest that the citizens of rich and emissionintensive economies are ready to accept larger shares of the costs. A study of the general public of the Unite ...
... suggest a preference for polluter-pays principle over the principle that only rich countries should pay. None the less, their results, however, suggest that the citizens of rich and emissionintensive economies are ready to accept larger shares of the costs. A study of the general public of the Unite ...
![dr Jacek Batóg[1], dr Barbara Batóg Department of Econometrics](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/002199062_1-760f7128547d087bc0be600bd1fb1ff4-300x300.png)
dr Jacek Batóg[1], dr Barbara Batóg Department of Econometrics
... Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP Convention), the UNFCCC and the EU Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Mechanism. The emissions of acidifying pollutants include nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ammonia (NH3). The emissions of greenhouse gas include all the greenhouse gases cover ...
... Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP Convention), the UNFCCC and the EU Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Mechanism. The emissions of acidifying pollutants include nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ammonia (NH3). The emissions of greenhouse gas include all the greenhouse gases cover ...
Chapter 1 Introduction - Wageningen UR E
... Greenhouse gases (GHGs) The atmospheric gases responsible for causing global warming and climate change. The major GHGs are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N20). Less prevalent --but very powerful -- greenhouse gases are hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and s ...
... Greenhouse gases (GHGs) The atmospheric gases responsible for causing global warming and climate change. The major GHGs are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N20). Less prevalent --but very powerful -- greenhouse gases are hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and s ...
Indonesia puts forest compensation at top of Bali climate meet
... Swathes of peatland are being cleared to make way for pulp and paper plantations, and the booming palm oil industry. But Indonesia is slowly waking up to the hidden cost of releasing the huge stores of carbon kept in peatland, said Daniel Mudiyarso, an expert at Indonesia's Centre for International ...
... Swathes of peatland are being cleared to make way for pulp and paper plantations, and the booming palm oil industry. But Indonesia is slowly waking up to the hidden cost of releasing the huge stores of carbon kept in peatland, said Daniel Mudiyarso, an expert at Indonesia's Centre for International ...
MULTI‐MUNICIPAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
... fuels: petroleum refined into gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, kerosene, heating oil, and other fuels; coal; and natural gas. As fossil fuels are combusted to provide energy, gases are emitted, including carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). These and other gases, especially methane (CH4) an ...
... fuels: petroleum refined into gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, kerosene, heating oil, and other fuels; coal; and natural gas. As fossil fuels are combusted to provide energy, gases are emitted, including carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). These and other gases, especially methane (CH4) an ...
Short-Lived Promise? - Oxford Martin School
... principal greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO2), continue to rise.2 The challenges of securing international agreement, the perceived cost of CO2 emission reductions, and the recognition that even relatively ambitious CO2 measures may take decades to have a substantial impact on rising global tempera ...
... principal greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO2), continue to rise.2 The challenges of securing international agreement, the perceived cost of CO2 emission reductions, and the recognition that even relatively ambitious CO2 measures may take decades to have a substantial impact on rising global tempera ...
Initial national communication on climate change: St. Vincent and
... Minister of Health and the Environment, St. Vincent and the Grenadines St. Vincent and the Grenadines acceded to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change on September 5th 1996. This was not by accident. We in St. Vincent and the Grenadines are painfully aware of the consequences of ...
... Minister of Health and the Environment, St. Vincent and the Grenadines St. Vincent and the Grenadines acceded to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change on September 5th 1996. This was not by accident. We in St. Vincent and the Grenadines are painfully aware of the consequences of ...
Tracking pan-Canadian climate progress and
... 2016 is set to be a decisive year for climate policies in Canada. Building on a rush of climate policy commitments leading up to the Paris climate conference and strong growth in clean energy investments, Canada is now navigating uncharted territory. For the first time ever, Canadian political leade ...
... 2016 is set to be a decisive year for climate policies in Canada. Building on a rush of climate policy commitments leading up to the Paris climate conference and strong growth in clean energy investments, Canada is now navigating uncharted territory. For the first time ever, Canadian political leade ...
Environmental Realpolitik - Digital Repository @ Maurer Law
... progress after the Rio Earth Summit in developing the Framework Convention on Climate Change. He argues that, beyond the scientific uncertainties about climate change and its economic impacts, agreement on the legal structure of a comprehensive regime has been hampered by institutionalfactors. These ...
... progress after the Rio Earth Summit in developing the Framework Convention on Climate Change. He argues that, beyond the scientific uncertainties about climate change and its economic impacts, agreement on the legal structure of a comprehensive regime has been hampered by institutionalfactors. These ...
Saint Kitts and Nevis
... St. Kitts and Nevis proposes to reduce its GHG emissions by focusing on electricity generation and the transport sector. Under its proposed mitigation actions it is intended that the policies and measures would increase the use of renewable energy sources by 50%, taking into consideration that this ...
... St. Kitts and Nevis proposes to reduce its GHG emissions by focusing on electricity generation and the transport sector. Under its proposed mitigation actions it is intended that the policies and measures would increase the use of renewable energy sources by 50%, taking into consideration that this ...
Chapter 3 – The cost-effective path to 2050
... by at least 80% on 1990 levels, covering all sectors including the UK share of international aviation and international shipping (IAS)5. This implies a level of per capita emissions in 2050, which if replicated globally, would be consistent with a path to limiting global temperature increase to arou ...
... by at least 80% on 1990 levels, covering all sectors including the UK share of international aviation and international shipping (IAS)5. This implies a level of per capita emissions in 2050, which if replicated globally, would be consistent with a path to limiting global temperature increase to arou ...
In Defense of Emissions Egalitarianism?
... (benefits from) all other global commons and public goods are distributed. We have serious doubts regarding the practicality of such a proposal. Anyway, these concerns are structurally similar to our discussion of (P3), and we will conclude that (P3) is false. That is to say, for the sake of the arg ...
... (benefits from) all other global commons and public goods are distributed. We have serious doubts regarding the practicality of such a proposal. Anyway, these concerns are structurally similar to our discussion of (P3), and we will conclude that (P3) is false. That is to say, for the sake of the arg ...
Climate Change and Tax Policy - Digital Commons @ Boston
... In 1997, world leaders assembled in Kyoto, Japan to address climate change. Led by the United Nations, these world leaders created the Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC. The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement specifically designed to reduce the total GHG emissions of both developed countries an ...
... In 1997, world leaders assembled in Kyoto, Japan to address climate change. Led by the United Nations, these world leaders created the Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC. The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement specifically designed to reduce the total GHG emissions of both developed countries an ...
Do international factors influence the passage of climate change
... Increasing numbers of countries are passing climate change legislation. Practically all major emitters of greenhouse gases have in place laws to control emissions, conserve energy or promote cleaner forms of energy production, while vulnerable countries are taking steps to prepare for the impacts of ...
... Increasing numbers of countries are passing climate change legislation. Practically all major emitters of greenhouse gases have in place laws to control emissions, conserve energy or promote cleaner forms of energy production, while vulnerable countries are taking steps to prepare for the impacts of ...
The Case for a Carbon Tax in Canada
... Yet some hope can perhaps be derived from other similar public goods problems, albeit on a much smaller scale. Elinor Ostrom received the 2009 Nobel Prize in Economics for her work in examining the emergence of self-government institutions in similar prisoners dilemma-type environments.16 For examp ...
... Yet some hope can perhaps be derived from other similar public goods problems, albeit on a much smaller scale. Elinor Ostrom received the 2009 Nobel Prize in Economics for her work in examining the emergence of self-government institutions in similar prisoners dilemma-type environments.16 For examp ...
National Greenhouse Accounts (NGA) Factors
... The National Greenhouse Accounts (NGA) Factors has been prepared by the Department of Climate Change and replaces the AGO Factors & Methods Workbook. Unless otherwise stated, the emission factors listed in this document have been taken from the Technical Guidelines for the Estimation of Greenhouse E ...
... The National Greenhouse Accounts (NGA) Factors has been prepared by the Department of Climate Change and replaces the AGO Factors & Methods Workbook. Unless otherwise stated, the emission factors listed in this document have been taken from the Technical Guidelines for the Estimation of Greenhouse E ...
23-9-E
... dioxide cools the stratosphere, while some other GHGs (e.g., methane and nitrous oxide) directly impact stratospheric ozone levels. ODSs not only destroy stratospheric ozone but also can be potent GHGs. Furthermore, some HFCs currently used as chemical substitutes for some ODSs, are potent GHGs as w ...
... dioxide cools the stratosphere, while some other GHGs (e.g., methane and nitrous oxide) directly impact stratospheric ozone levels. ODSs not only destroy stratospheric ozone but also can be potent GHGs. Furthermore, some HFCs currently used as chemical substitutes for some ODSs, are potent GHGs as w ...
The Effects of Global Change upon United States Air Quality
... due to projected increase in global emissions in Asiaof ozone precursors, particularly from ...
... due to projected increase in global emissions in Asiaof ozone precursors, particularly from ...
Chinese and Russian policies on climate change
... with national economic performance than with reducing national GHGs emissions. For the most part, industrial standards aimed at reducing GHGs emissions are much more costly than standards that are not designed to attain this goal. Therefore, the overall national economic benefits involved with redu ...
... with national economic performance than with reducing national GHGs emissions. For the most part, industrial standards aimed at reducing GHGs emissions are much more costly than standards that are not designed to attain this goal. Therefore, the overall national economic benefits involved with redu ...
Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty, which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits State Parties to reduce greenhouse gases emissions, based on the premise that (a) global warming exists and (b) man-made CO2 emissions have caused it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December, 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. There are currently 192 Parties (Canada withdrew effective December 2012) to the Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol implemented the objective of the UNFCCC to fight global warming by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to ""a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system"" (Art. 2). The Protocol is based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities: it puts the obligation to reduce current emissions on developed countries on the basis that they are historically responsible for the current levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.The Protocol’s first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012. A second commitment period was agreed on in 2012, known as the Doha Amendment to the protocol, in which 37 countries have binding targets: Australia, the European Union (and its 28 member states), Belarus, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, and Ukraine. Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine have stated that they may withdraw from the Protocol or not put into legal force the Amendment with second round targets. Japan, New Zealand and Russia have participated in Kyoto's first-round but have not taken on new targets in the second commitment period. Other developed countries without second-round targets are Canada (which withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol in 2012) and the United States (which has not ratified the Protocol). As of July 2015, 36 states have accepted the Doha Amendment, while entry into force requires the acceptances of 144 states.Negotiations were held in Lima in 2014 to agree on a post-Kyoto legal framework that would obligate all major polluters to pay for CO2 emissions. China, India, and the United States have all signaled that they will not ratify any treaty that will commit them legally to reduce CO2 emissions.