Paper - IIOA!
... In order to design a mitigation scenario, it is required to identify the economic sectors or industries, which directly or indirectly generate GHG emissions, becoming therefore the sectors that call for special attention, that is, the key sectors. The effective costs of mitigation measures depend, o ...
... In order to design a mitigation scenario, it is required to identify the economic sectors or industries, which directly or indirectly generate GHG emissions, becoming therefore the sectors that call for special attention, that is, the key sectors. The effective costs of mitigation measures depend, o ...
All Countries Need to Take Major Steps on Climate Change: Global
... South Koreans are divided (48% major to 45% modest), as are Egyptians (43% to 43%), and Russians (44% modest to 43% major). Indians favour major steps over modest ones by 37 percent to 26 percent. Only 12 percent say no steps are necessary, though large numbers do not answer (26%). Not surprisingly, ...
... South Koreans are divided (48% major to 45% modest), as are Egyptians (43% to 43%), and Russians (44% modest to 43% major). Indians favour major steps over modest ones by 37 percent to 26 percent. Only 12 percent say no steps are necessary, though large numbers do not answer (26%). Not surprisingly, ...
full text
... of 0.02 W m−2 , with a 90% range of −0.27 to 0.23 W m−2 ). H gives rise to a median estimate of 0.22 W m−2 (range of 0.05 to 0.40 W m−2 ), whereas RC gives rise to a median estimate of 0.25 W m−2 (range of −0.06 to 0.47 W m−2 ). J falls toward the high end of estimates, corresponding to 0.37 W m−2 . ...
... of 0.02 W m−2 , with a 90% range of −0.27 to 0.23 W m−2 ). H gives rise to a median estimate of 0.22 W m−2 (range of 0.05 to 0.40 W m−2 ), whereas RC gives rise to a median estimate of 0.25 W m−2 (range of −0.06 to 0.47 W m−2 ). J falls toward the high end of estimates, corresponding to 0.37 W m−2 . ...
A fair climate deal in Paris means adequate finance to deliver INDCs
... proposed individual efforts and plans — above and beyond their current activities — to achieving their collective objective of stabilising greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system.i Importantly, the INDCs allow ...
... proposed individual efforts and plans — above and beyond their current activities — to achieving their collective objective of stabilising greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system.i Importantly, the INDCs allow ...
Climate Change and Australia`s Tree Clearing Crisis
... South Wales and Queensland, states and territories do not report on their clearing rates and associated emissions — and in New South Wales and Queensland, these reports are sometimes released several years too late to provide up-to-date information on trends. Given the issues associated with the Aus ...
... South Wales and Queensland, states and territories do not report on their clearing rates and associated emissions — and in New South Wales and Queensland, these reports are sometimes released several years too late to provide up-to-date information on trends. Given the issues associated with the Aus ...
EnErgy EfficiEncy and grEEnhousE gas Emissions
... the CO2 fixation is only short to medium-term and is usually not considered as a credit. Assuming that most farmers in the developed countries operate at an intensity represented by the ‘economic optimum N rate’, which is equivalent to recommended ‘good agricultural practice’, and considering the cu ...
... the CO2 fixation is only short to medium-term and is usually not considered as a credit. Assuming that most farmers in the developed countries operate at an intensity represented by the ‘economic optimum N rate’, which is equivalent to recommended ‘good agricultural practice’, and considering the cu ...
Climate Leadership report to minister executive summary
... The Government of Alberta has stated that it intends to develop and implement a climate change strategy that will bring our province into a new era of responsible energy development, build a greener and more prosperous economy, and protect the health and quality of life of all Albertans. Alberta is ...
... The Government of Alberta has stated that it intends to develop and implement a climate change strategy that will bring our province into a new era of responsible energy development, build a greener and more prosperous economy, and protect the health and quality of life of all Albertans. Alberta is ...
The influence of constrained fossil fuel emissions scenarios on
... Given the dominance of model uncertainty in long-term precipitation uncertainty (Hawkins and Sutton, 2011) in most studies of projected climate change impacts on water resources, the influence of the emissions scenario (or scenario uncertainty) is not the focus of the investigation. Rather, these st ...
... Given the dominance of model uncertainty in long-term precipitation uncertainty (Hawkins and Sutton, 2011) in most studies of projected climate change impacts on water resources, the influence of the emissions scenario (or scenario uncertainty) is not the focus of the investigation. Rather, these st ...
Smith-SDC-Edinburgh-October-2008-final
... Convention on Climate Change - since 1992) • COP (Conference of Parties) • Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC (2008-2012) – only developed countries – significant not ratification by e.g. US, Australia • Bali Roadmap (what will come after 2012) – will include developing countries as well as (hopefully) no ...
... Convention on Climate Change - since 1992) • COP (Conference of Parties) • Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC (2008-2012) – only developed countries – significant not ratification by e.g. US, Australia • Bali Roadmap (what will come after 2012) – will include developing countries as well as (hopefully) no ...
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
... Although this suggests that theoretically the production factors capital and labor can be substituted indefinitely, these processes do have economic limits as a result of declining marginal productivities. The objective of the AEM is to describe the processes of economic development over time (e.g., ...
... Although this suggests that theoretically the production factors capital and labor can be substituted indefinitely, these processes do have economic limits as a result of declining marginal productivities. The objective of the AEM is to describe the processes of economic development over time (e.g., ...
Chapter 4
... simply signifies the participants’ agreement that the text of the treaty is acceptable in principle. * * * Because it does not create binding obligations for any State, a treaty can be adopted at an international conference with less than full consensus. [Article 9 of the Vienna Convention, for exam ...
... simply signifies the participants’ agreement that the text of the treaty is acceptable in principle. * * * Because it does not create binding obligations for any State, a treaty can be adopted at an international conference with less than full consensus. [Article 9 of the Vienna Convention, for exam ...
Subglobal Regulation of the Global Commons: The Case of Climate
... inherently global problems demand concerted worldwide action"); Sean T. Fox, Responding to Climate Change: The Case for Unilateral Trade Measures to Protect the Global Atmosphere, 84 GEO. L. J. 2499, 2503, 2507-08 (1996) (using the "tragedy of the commons" analogy to criticize unilateral country mea ...
... inherently global problems demand concerted worldwide action"); Sean T. Fox, Responding to Climate Change: The Case for Unilateral Trade Measures to Protect the Global Atmosphere, 84 GEO. L. J. 2499, 2503, 2507-08 (1996) (using the "tragedy of the commons" analogy to criticize unilateral country mea ...
What does the Paris Agreement mean for climate policy in the
... In order to be compatible with the long-term goals of the Paris Agreement, while at the same time taking into account rich countries’ responsibility to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions faster than the world average, the Netherlands needs to embark on a pathway that ensures that all energy- and ...
... In order to be compatible with the long-term goals of the Paris Agreement, while at the same time taking into account rich countries’ responsibility to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions faster than the world average, the Netherlands needs to embark on a pathway that ensures that all energy- and ...
Fighting Climate Change: Human Solidarity in a Divided World
... to reduce emissions and take other steps at mitigation so that the irreversible changes already underway are not further amplified over the next few decades. If mitigation does not start in earnest right now, the cost of adaptation twenty or thirty years from now will become prohibitive for the poor ...
... to reduce emissions and take other steps at mitigation so that the irreversible changes already underway are not further amplified over the next few decades. If mitigation does not start in earnest right now, the cost of adaptation twenty or thirty years from now will become prohibitive for the poor ...
2. Low Carbon Cities – The National Context
... to go up several notches at this time resulting in comments that South Africa “punches above its weight” in the climate change negotiations. By 2005, based on evidence from the 3rd IPCC Assessment Report and new emerging science, it was increasingly clear that the measures agreed to in the UNFCCC an ...
... to go up several notches at this time resulting in comments that South Africa “punches above its weight” in the climate change negotiations. By 2005, based on evidence from the 3rd IPCC Assessment Report and new emerging science, it was increasingly clear that the measures agreed to in the UNFCCC an ...
Border Tax Adjustments and Developing Countries
... European Court of Justice declared the plan valid, ruling against the U.S. carriers contesting the legislation.35 Under the concept set by the Kyoto Protocol, it is precluded to use any methods to combat climate change outside of the United Nation’s scheme. The imposition of a global tax based on th ...
... European Court of Justice declared the plan valid, ruling against the U.S. carriers contesting the legislation.35 Under the concept set by the Kyoto Protocol, it is precluded to use any methods to combat climate change outside of the United Nation’s scheme. The imposition of a global tax based on th ...
Climate Change Policy Jason Shogren and Michael Toman •
... its own right. The many uncertainties are characterized in Chapter 8 of the same report.) A recent report by the National Research Council (NRC 2000) found that evidence for a human contribution is rising. At the same time, however, the report found that scientists were becoming less confident in cu ...
... its own right. The many uncertainties are characterized in Chapter 8 of the same report.) A recent report by the National Research Council (NRC 2000) found that evidence for a human contribution is rising. At the same time, however, the report found that scientists were becoming less confident in cu ...
Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, and the World Trade
... domestic and imported goods. For example, consider a situation where EU producers of plastic containers are able to adopt production methods that are less energy intensive. While such technology may initially result in higher costs for domestic producers, the costs will presumably decrease in the fu ...
... domestic and imported goods. For example, consider a situation where EU producers of plastic containers are able to adopt production methods that are less energy intensive. While such technology may initially result in higher costs for domestic producers, the costs will presumably decrease in the fu ...
Capturing all abatement potential currently modeled can reduce
... adopting low-carbon development strategies by the end of 2011” ...
... adopting low-carbon development strategies by the end of 2011” ...
Moving Forward in the Climate Negotiations
... world’s climate and there are other constituencies affected by climate change that literally cannot be present in such negotiations, such as future generations. Global climate policy must necessarily be negotiated by political representatives, who must “make present” the concerns and interests of th ...
... world’s climate and there are other constituencies affected by climate change that literally cannot be present in such negotiations, such as future generations. Global climate policy must necessarily be negotiated by political representatives, who must “make present” the concerns and interests of th ...
Tropical Forest, Deforestation and Climate Change - Heinrich
... deforestation and degradation (REDD), responsible for 20% of the current global GHG emissions, was finally included into the climate change negotiations. Even Brazil, reluctant to the inclusion of REDD under UNFCCC, presented a proposal5,6 in COP 12 and than further elaborated in COP 13 “to provide ...
... deforestation and degradation (REDD), responsible for 20% of the current global GHG emissions, was finally included into the climate change negotiations. Even Brazil, reluctant to the inclusion of REDD under UNFCCC, presented a proposal5,6 in COP 12 and than further elaborated in COP 13 “to provide ...
Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty, which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits State Parties to reduce greenhouse gases emissions, based on the premise that (a) global warming exists and (b) man-made CO2 emissions have caused it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December, 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. There are currently 192 Parties (Canada withdrew effective December 2012) to the Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol implemented the objective of the UNFCCC to fight global warming by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to ""a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system"" (Art. 2). The Protocol is based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities: it puts the obligation to reduce current emissions on developed countries on the basis that they are historically responsible for the current levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.The Protocol’s first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012. A second commitment period was agreed on in 2012, known as the Doha Amendment to the protocol, in which 37 countries have binding targets: Australia, the European Union (and its 28 member states), Belarus, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, and Ukraine. Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine have stated that they may withdraw from the Protocol or not put into legal force the Amendment with second round targets. Japan, New Zealand and Russia have participated in Kyoto's first-round but have not taken on new targets in the second commitment period. Other developed countries without second-round targets are Canada (which withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol in 2012) and the United States (which has not ratified the Protocol). As of July 2015, 36 states have accepted the Doha Amendment, while entry into force requires the acceptances of 144 states.Negotiations were held in Lima in 2014 to agree on a post-Kyoto legal framework that would obligate all major polluters to pay for CO2 emissions. China, India, and the United States have all signaled that they will not ratify any treaty that will commit them legally to reduce CO2 emissions.