The Role of US Households in Global Carbon
... of micro-level energy use and carbon emissions by US households. Under this approach, the various energy end uses in households are documented and related carbon emissions are quantified. This includes energy used by HVAC systems, cooking, water heating, appliances, lighting, and other devices such ...
... of micro-level energy use and carbon emissions by US households. Under this approach, the various energy end uses in households are documented and related carbon emissions are quantified. This includes energy used by HVAC systems, cooking, water heating, appliances, lighting, and other devices such ...
Broader perspectives for comparing different greenhouse gases
... greenhouse gases [9–11]. Some analyses have suggested that the GWP concept does not lead to economically optimal greenhouse-gas mitigation strategies [12], and the basis for comparisons between gases has also been dealt with more directly in terms of the economic implications of managing future emis ...
... greenhouse gases [9–11]. Some analyses have suggested that the GWP concept does not lead to economically optimal greenhouse-gas mitigation strategies [12], and the basis for comparisons between gases has also been dealt with more directly in terms of the economic implications of managing future emis ...
The Global Ozone Layer
... The ozone layer and surface ultraviolet (UV) radiation are responding as expected to the ODS reductions achieved under the Montreal Protocol. Global surface UV levels have not increased significantly because the global ozone loss has been limited. If there were no MP, the surface UV levels would ...
... The ozone layer and surface ultraviolet (UV) radiation are responding as expected to the ODS reductions achieved under the Montreal Protocol. Global surface UV levels have not increased significantly because the global ozone loss has been limited. If there were no MP, the surface UV levels would ...
THE PRINCIPLE OF COMMON BUT DIFFERENTIATED
... CBDR under the TRIPS inter alia takes the form of granting extra implementation time to developing countries37 and indefinitely delaying implementation for the least developed countries.38 Developed countries are obliged under the TRIPS to provide incentives to “enterprises and institutions in their ...
... CBDR under the TRIPS inter alia takes the form of granting extra implementation time to developing countries37 and indefinitely delaying implementation for the least developed countries.38 Developed countries are obliged under the TRIPS to provide incentives to “enterprises and institutions in their ...
Construction of abatement cost curves
... industries such as semiconductor manufacture and magnesium production, and the replacement of ODSs (CFCs and HCFCs) with HFCs in various applications like airconditioning, fire fighting, foams, refrigeration, solvents and aerosols. Moreover, the atmospheric lifetimes of PFCs and SF6 are very long, r ...
... industries such as semiconductor manufacture and magnesium production, and the replacement of ODSs (CFCs and HCFCs) with HFCs in various applications like airconditioning, fire fighting, foams, refrigeration, solvents and aerosols. Moreover, the atmospheric lifetimes of PFCs and SF6 are very long, r ...
1 Top-down and Bottom-up Approaches in Climate Change and
... together the major greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters, irrespective of their GDP. The Kyoto Protocol’s stipulation that only Annex I countries reduce their GHG emissions does not reflect today’s or tomorrow’s climate change reality. Major developing countries that are major GHG emitters should also be as ...
... together the major greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters, irrespective of their GDP. The Kyoto Protocol’s stipulation that only Annex I countries reduce their GHG emissions does not reflect today’s or tomorrow’s climate change reality. Major developing countries that are major GHG emitters should also be as ...
The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from
... (see Appendix 1), ideally produced by a single model. Starting from these standardised concentration datasets, forthcoming CMIP5 intercomparisons will allow our understanding of the relationship between emissions and concentrations to be re-defined. This study describes how the IAM emissions were pr ...
... (see Appendix 1), ideally produced by a single model. Starting from these standardised concentration datasets, forthcoming CMIP5 intercomparisons will allow our understanding of the relationship between emissions and concentrations to be re-defined. This study describes how the IAM emissions were pr ...
1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
... 1. The Parties included in Annex I shall, individually or jointly, ensure that their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed their assigned amounts, calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and reduction c ...
... 1. The Parties included in Annex I shall, individually or jointly, ensure that their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed their assigned amounts, calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and reduction c ...
Climate Change Negotiations, India`s submissions to the United
... among all developed country Parties. This can be ensured only through negotiations. Hence, though the commitments or actions of a developed country may, in the first instance, be nationally formulated, they must be finalized on the basis of UNFCCC negotiations, in order to ensure comparability of ef ...
... among all developed country Parties. This can be ensured only through negotiations. Hence, though the commitments or actions of a developed country may, in the first instance, be nationally formulated, they must be finalized on the basis of UNFCCC negotiations, in order to ensure comparability of ef ...
Climate and Development Economics: Balancing Science, Politics
... accelerate climate change, which in turn could block further development, locking the world into existing patterns of inequality as the natural environment deteriorates. The solution to this paradox is far from obvious. What analytical tools are needed to chart a path that leads toward sustainable, ...
... accelerate climate change, which in turn could block further development, locking the world into existing patterns of inequality as the natural environment deteriorates. The solution to this paradox is far from obvious. What analytical tools are needed to chart a path that leads toward sustainable, ...
of babies and bathwater: why the clean air act`s cooperative
... Carbon dioxide emissions seem particularly well suited to a cap-and-trade approach. As Victor Flatt and Carol Rose, among others, have noted, CO2 emissions are extraordinarily fungible, in time as well as in space. Carbon dioxide trades, by themselves, do not threaten to create hazardous pollution h ...
... Carbon dioxide emissions seem particularly well suited to a cap-and-trade approach. As Victor Flatt and Carol Rose, among others, have noted, CO2 emissions are extraordinarily fungible, in time as well as in space. Carbon dioxide trades, by themselves, do not threaten to create hazardous pollution h ...
The role of HFCs in mitigating 21st century climate change
... Because of their catalytic destruction of stratospheric ozone, production and consumption of CFCs, HCFCs and other ODSs are being phased out under the Montreal Protocol (Andersen and Sarma, 2002; Andersen et al., 2007). With the phase-out of CFCs under the Montreal Protocol completed in 1996 in deve ...
... Because of their catalytic destruction of stratospheric ozone, production and consumption of CFCs, HCFCs and other ODSs are being phased out under the Montreal Protocol (Andersen and Sarma, 2002; Andersen et al., 2007). With the phase-out of CFCs under the Montreal Protocol completed in 1996 in deve ...
Multi-gas abatement analysis of the Marrakesh Accords Paul. L
... RIVM (the Netherlands) and ETH (Switzerland) 10 ...
... RIVM (the Netherlands) and ETH (Switzerland) 10 ...
Post-2012 Climate Change Negotiation Simulation
... POST-2012 CLIMATE CHANGE NEGOTIATION SIMULATION by Craig Hart The Energy + Environment Foundation Version 1.0 January 11, 2009 © Craig Hart 2009 ...
... POST-2012 CLIMATE CHANGE NEGOTIATION SIMULATION by Craig Hart The Energy + Environment Foundation Version 1.0 January 11, 2009 © Craig Hart 2009 ...
CEQ Draft Guidance on Consideration of the
... – Provided that climate change was a “reasonably foreseeable” impact of emitting greenhouse gases – “Federal agencies must determine whether and to what extent their actions affect greenhouse gases. Further, federal agencies must consider whether the actions they take, e.g., the planning and design ...
... – Provided that climate change was a “reasonably foreseeable” impact of emitting greenhouse gases – “Federal agencies must determine whether and to what extent their actions affect greenhouse gases. Further, federal agencies must consider whether the actions they take, e.g., the planning and design ...
DETR - Climate Change
... planning and stimulating innovative responses. The policies that can deliver this reduction are part of the Government’s wider drive for a better quality of life, as well as economic and environmental modernisation. 10 The climate change programme builds on the solid foundation of action that has be ...
... planning and stimulating innovative responses. The policies that can deliver this reduction are part of the Government’s wider drive for a better quality of life, as well as economic and environmental modernisation. 10 The climate change programme builds on the solid foundation of action that has be ...
PDF
... Indonesia and Brazil are special cases in that their emissions profile is dominated by carbon from deforestation and other land-based sources. These have been broadly stagnant over recent years, and in some cases might fall even without specific climate policy interventions, resulting in only small ...
... Indonesia and Brazil are special cases in that their emissions profile is dominated by carbon from deforestation and other land-based sources. These have been broadly stagnant over recent years, and in some cases might fall even without specific climate policy interventions, resulting in only small ...
progress toward a consensus on carbon emissions from tropical
... a “best estimate” as well as an uncertainty range for carbon emissions occurring within each block. Harris et al. estimated average committed emissions over a single five-year time interval (2000–2005) for which remote sensing observations on gross forest cover loss were available. Because Harris et ...
... a “best estimate” as well as an uncertainty range for carbon emissions occurring within each block. Harris et al. estimated average committed emissions over a single five-year time interval (2000–2005) for which remote sensing observations on gross forest cover loss were available. Because Harris et ...
Dubuque, Iowa Greenhouse Gas Inventory
... Economic Prosperity, and Social & Cultural Vibrancy. As part of its vision for a sustainable future, the City has partnered with ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability. As an ICLEI member, the City of Dubuque is committed to achieving ICLEI's Five Milestones for Climate Protection: 1. Conduct ba ...
... Economic Prosperity, and Social & Cultural Vibrancy. As part of its vision for a sustainable future, the City has partnered with ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability. As an ICLEI member, the City of Dubuque is committed to achieving ICLEI's Five Milestones for Climate Protection: 1. Conduct ba ...
countryside council for wales
... warming periods in the Earth’s history but slump slides of sediments or other sudden impacts are thought to be the likely cause rather than any gradual effect of warming temperatures. Nevertheless, recent modelling suggests that a warming of seafloor waters of 3C would result in the release of 85% ...
... warming periods in the Earth’s history but slump slides of sediments or other sudden impacts are thought to be the likely cause rather than any gradual effect of warming temperatures. Nevertheless, recent modelling suggests that a warming of seafloor waters of 3C would result in the release of 85% ...
ASELSAN 2014 CDP Report
... emissions for the Macunköy facility, due to the uncertainties related with the activity data and previously used emission factors, we have decided to take 2013 as the base year for Scope 1-2 and 3 GHG emissions. As 2013 is selected as the base year, all the emission reduction targets are set accordi ...
... emissions for the Macunköy facility, due to the uncertainties related with the activity data and previously used emission factors, we have decided to take 2013 as the base year for Scope 1-2 and 3 GHG emissions. As 2013 is selected as the base year, all the emission reduction targets are set accordi ...
Chapter 6 Non-CO climate effects of aviation
... • Global Warming Potential (GWP): Global Warming Potential (GWP) is designed as an emissions equivalence metric. It measures the total RF accumulated over a given time horizon arising from a unit emission of forcing agent, relative to that of CO2. A time horizon of 100 years is used for the internat ...
... • Global Warming Potential (GWP): Global Warming Potential (GWP) is designed as an emissions equivalence metric. It measures the total RF accumulated over a given time horizon arising from a unit emission of forcing agent, relative to that of CO2. A time horizon of 100 years is used for the internat ...
Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty, which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits State Parties to reduce greenhouse gases emissions, based on the premise that (a) global warming exists and (b) man-made CO2 emissions have caused it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December, 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. There are currently 192 Parties (Canada withdrew effective December 2012) to the Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol implemented the objective of the UNFCCC to fight global warming by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to ""a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system"" (Art. 2). The Protocol is based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities: it puts the obligation to reduce current emissions on developed countries on the basis that they are historically responsible for the current levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.The Protocol’s first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012. A second commitment period was agreed on in 2012, known as the Doha Amendment to the protocol, in which 37 countries have binding targets: Australia, the European Union (and its 28 member states), Belarus, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, and Ukraine. Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine have stated that they may withdraw from the Protocol or not put into legal force the Amendment with second round targets. Japan, New Zealand and Russia have participated in Kyoto's first-round but have not taken on new targets in the second commitment period. Other developed countries without second-round targets are Canada (which withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol in 2012) and the United States (which has not ratified the Protocol). As of July 2015, 36 states have accepted the Doha Amendment, while entry into force requires the acceptances of 144 states.Negotiations were held in Lima in 2014 to agree on a post-Kyoto legal framework that would obligate all major polluters to pay for CO2 emissions. China, India, and the United States have all signaled that they will not ratify any treaty that will commit them legally to reduce CO2 emissions.