Peaking China`s CO2 Emissions: Trends and Mitigation Potential
... are those policies and measures that have not yet been implemented at the time of the base year but have been included in well-established policy proposals.) The third category is the “alternative scenario,” which might not be based on current or planned policies, but instead assumes the adoption of ...
... are those policies and measures that have not yet been implemented at the time of the base year but have been included in well-established policy proposals.) The third category is the “alternative scenario,” which might not be based on current or planned policies, but instead assumes the adoption of ...
The Economics of Climate Change Impacts: A Case Study on
... below those required under the Kyoto Protocol, would be required to avoid many adverse impacts of climate change. For example, the lowest stabilization level analyzed, a carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) concentration level of 350 to 400 parts per million (ppm), would result in global temperatures ...
... below those required under the Kyoto Protocol, would be required to avoid many adverse impacts of climate change. For example, the lowest stabilization level analyzed, a carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) concentration level of 350 to 400 parts per million (ppm), would result in global temperatures ...
Climate-Smart Agriculture Sourcebook MODULE 8: Climate-smart Livestock
... These adverse impacts can be the direct result of increased heat stress and reduced water availability. Indirect impacts can result from the reduced quality and availability of feed and fodder, the emergence of livestock disease and greater competition for resources with other sectors (Thornton, 201 ...
... These adverse impacts can be the direct result of increased heat stress and reduced water availability. Indirect impacts can result from the reduced quality and availability of feed and fodder, the emergence of livestock disease and greater competition for resources with other sectors (Thornton, 201 ...
Document
... blanket, ___2___ the sun’s heat and preventing it ___3___ escaping into space. This results in a rapid rise in Earth’s average temperature, ___4___ leads to the melting of Arctic ice, home to a variety of creatures, and the death of these animals─since they have fewer places ___5___. Sadly, if the s ...
... blanket, ___2___ the sun’s heat and preventing it ___3___ escaping into space. This results in a rapid rise in Earth’s average temperature, ___4___ leads to the melting of Arctic ice, home to a variety of creatures, and the death of these animals─since they have fewer places ___5___. Sadly, if the s ...
IIIS Discussion Paper Rescaling climate justice: sub-national issues and
... climate change projects that, in the long term, climate change could cut global gross domestic product (GDP) each year by between 5% and as much as 20%. The cost of addressing climate change now could be about 1% of GDP by 2050. There are likely to be enormous costs for failing to act early. Climate ...
... climate change projects that, in the long term, climate change could cut global gross domestic product (GDP) each year by between 5% and as much as 20%. The cost of addressing climate change now could be about 1% of GDP by 2050. There are likely to be enormous costs for failing to act early. Climate ...
The carbon jigsaw AccountAncy futures
... 2008 through 2012. The first commitment period (Phase I) ran from 2005 through 2007. The commitment period is further divided into annual ‘compliance years’. The overall cap is implemented by issuing recognised ‘installations’ of an entity with allowances to emit – ‘installation’ being the word give ...
... 2008 through 2012. The first commitment period (Phase I) ran from 2005 through 2007. The commitment period is further divided into annual ‘compliance years’. The overall cap is implemented by issuing recognised ‘installations’ of an entity with allowances to emit – ‘installation’ being the word give ...
Climate Change and Climate Change Policy as Human Sacrifice
... write, “Nature routinely bears the imprint of human influence…. Not only is nature denied autonomous standing and development, but its future becomes dependent upon social direction.”5 Technical developments have made possible previously inconceivable levels of human interference in the ecological o ...
... write, “Nature routinely bears the imprint of human influence…. Not only is nature denied autonomous standing and development, but its future becomes dependent upon social direction.”5 Technical developments have made possible previously inconceivable levels of human interference in the ecological o ...
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs)
... 1. Review related policies/plans and their progress in the NAMA sector. Examine and understand national policies, plan and target elements in the NAMAs based on existing information, and understand the methodology for the NAMA project. 2. Set reference scenarios in the NAMA sector Identify barriers ...
... 1. Review related policies/plans and their progress in the NAMA sector. Examine and understand national policies, plan and target elements in the NAMAs based on existing information, and understand the methodology for the NAMA project. 2. Set reference scenarios in the NAMA sector Identify barriers ...
Climate Change, Yosemite National Park, California
... temperature (Rowe et al. 2015), Belding’s ground squirrel (Urocitellus beldingi) was extirpated from 42% of sites as snow cover decreased (Morelli et al. 2012), and squirrel body size increased as food plant growing season lengthened (Eastman et al. 2012). ...
... temperature (Rowe et al. 2015), Belding’s ground squirrel (Urocitellus beldingi) was extirpated from 42% of sites as snow cover decreased (Morelli et al. 2012), and squirrel body size increased as food plant growing season lengthened (Eastman et al. 2012). ...
Energy and the Protection of the Atmosphere
... change. Human activities have increased the atmospheric concentration of many naturally occurring gases and have also added new ones. Anthropogenic sources of chlorofluorocarbons are adding to the greenhouse effect and are gradually destroying the ozone layer. Taken together, these human activities ...
... change. Human activities have increased the atmospheric concentration of many naturally occurring gases and have also added new ones. Anthropogenic sources of chlorofluorocarbons are adding to the greenhouse effect and are gradually destroying the ozone layer. Taken together, these human activities ...
... political concerns around the world. Furthermore, in 2009, the international community will gather in Copenhagen, Denmark, to negotiate a new agreement for dealing with global climate change, and the outcome of those negotiations is by no means clear. This growing global alarm, high degree of uncert ...
National Arrangements
... This training material is suitable for persons with beginner to intermediate level knowledge of national GHG inventory development. After having read this Presentation, in combination with the related documentation, the reader should: have an overview of how important national arrangements are ...
... This training material is suitable for persons with beginner to intermediate level knowledge of national GHG inventory development. After having read this Presentation, in combination with the related documentation, the reader should: have an overview of how important national arrangements are ...
slides - Harvard Kennedy School
... • Most countries (>80) responded to the Copenhagen Accord in 2010 by submitting plans for reducing emissions. • By the time of Cancun, 21 countries had associated themselves with specific quantitative targets • counting the EU27 as one • and including 7 big non-Annex-I countries. ...
... • Most countries (>80) responded to the Copenhagen Accord in 2010 by submitting plans for reducing emissions. • By the time of Cancun, 21 countries had associated themselves with specific quantitative targets • counting the EU27 as one • and including 7 big non-Annex-I countries. ...
international public opinion, perception, and understanding of global
... (Leiserowitz, Kates, & Parris, 2005; Brechin, 2003). Public opinion is critical because it is a key component of the socio-political context within which policy makers operate. Public opinion can fundamentally compel or constrain political, economic and social action to address particular risks. For ...
... (Leiserowitz, Kates, & Parris, 2005; Brechin, 2003). Public opinion is critical because it is a key component of the socio-political context within which policy makers operate. Public opinion can fundamentally compel or constrain political, economic and social action to address particular risks. For ...
Climate counseling – new governance in Swedish agriculture
... unresponsive to both economic incentives and legislation, such capacity might be crucial for the outcome of policy (e.g., Gouldson et al., 2008). An example of policy instruments that could meet this description is the provision of advice and information (Steurer, 2011; Taylor et al., 2012). Those ...
... unresponsive to both economic incentives and legislation, such capacity might be crucial for the outcome of policy (e.g., Gouldson et al., 2008). An example of policy instruments that could meet this description is the provision of advice and information (Steurer, 2011; Taylor et al., 2012). Those ...
k8647e
... Food security Although projections of climate change impacts on agriculture and food production vary across different emission scenarios, general consensus has been reached that while certain areas within specific sectors may gain benefits, food production in most of the region will be negatively af ...
... Food security Although projections of climate change impacts on agriculture and food production vary across different emission scenarios, general consensus has been reached that while certain areas within specific sectors may gain benefits, food production in most of the region will be negatively af ...
600 words - School of Psychology
... environmental problems at an abstract or general level tends not to be translated into personallyrelevant cognitions or motivating attitudes (Lorenzoni et al., 2007). Furthermore, neither energy consumption (including embodied energy and potential future energy savings) nor environmental impact are ...
... environmental problems at an abstract or general level tends not to be translated into personallyrelevant cognitions or motivating attitudes (Lorenzoni et al., 2007). Furthermore, neither energy consumption (including embodied energy and potential future energy savings) nor environmental impact are ...
Adaptation and Mitigation Reponses to Climate Change
... or flooding, or more gradual risks like sea-level rise, i.e., actions that reduce the impacts of climate risks. Mitigation of climate risk, in contrast, refers to actions taken to reduce the likelihood as well as likely magnitude of global increases in temperature and extreme weather events, by indi ...
... or flooding, or more gradual risks like sea-level rise, i.e., actions that reduce the impacts of climate risks. Mitigation of climate risk, in contrast, refers to actions taken to reduce the likelihood as well as likely magnitude of global increases in temperature and extreme weather events, by indi ...
Report
... that this change is being caused by human activity. Global temperature readings reveal that Earth’s surface temperature has risen by 0.6°C during the 20th Century and is projected to continue to increase by an additional 1.4°C to 5.8°C above 1990 levels by 2100. There is some uncertainty associated ...
... that this change is being caused by human activity. Global temperature readings reveal that Earth’s surface temperature has risen by 0.6°C during the 20th Century and is projected to continue to increase by an additional 1.4°C to 5.8°C above 1990 levels by 2100. There is some uncertainty associated ...
The Climate Beta
... that “those states in which the global temperature increase is particularly high are also ones in which we are on average richer in the future.” That is, suppose that the only source of uncertainty is exogenous emissions-neutral technological progress, which determines economic growth. In this conte ...
... that “those states in which the global temperature increase is particularly high are also ones in which we are on average richer in the future.” That is, suppose that the only source of uncertainty is exogenous emissions-neutral technological progress, which determines economic growth. In this conte ...
A Tale of Two Provinces: Imposing Greenhouse
... Although one might assume that given the drastic effects of the global economic conditions on the oil and gas sector, which in turn are having a significant impact on the Province’s economic and employment picture in the near term, the focus on environmental issues would yield to economic drivers. H ...
... Although one might assume that given the drastic effects of the global economic conditions on the oil and gas sector, which in turn are having a significant impact on the Province’s economic and employment picture in the near term, the focus on environmental issues would yield to economic drivers. H ...
Endogenous growth, convexity of damages and climate risk: how Nordhaus framework supports deep cuts in carbon emissions
... meeting of (22) Heads of State to discuss climate change was held in the Netherlands, and various other major international summits that year also put it on the agenda. Most OECD countries already had their first climate-change targets by 1990 (Gupta, 2010), for instance the European Community, as i ...
... meeting of (22) Heads of State to discuss climate change was held in the Netherlands, and various other major international summits that year also put it on the agenda. Most OECD countries already had their first climate-change targets by 1990 (Gupta, 2010), for instance the European Community, as i ...
Section 733(b) (page 185) - American Public Power Association
... Fossil fuel-fired generating units must submit allowances for all CO2 emissions, except emissions from petroleum-based or coal-based liquid fuels, natural gas liquid, renewable biomass, or petroleum coke. (Petroleum and coal-based liquids are covered at the upstream source.) Thus, both coal-fired an ...
... Fossil fuel-fired generating units must submit allowances for all CO2 emissions, except emissions from petroleum-based or coal-based liquid fuels, natural gas liquid, renewable biomass, or petroleum coke. (Petroleum and coal-based liquids are covered at the upstream source.) Thus, both coal-fired an ...
element 8 | energy and climate change
... The greenhouse gas emissions inventory shows that in 2005, Richmond’s industries, businesses and residents generated over 5.8 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), the internationally recognized measure of greenhouse gas emissions (see Figure 8.1: Citywide Greenhouse Gas Emissions ...
... The greenhouse gas emissions inventory shows that in 2005, Richmond’s industries, businesses and residents generated over 5.8 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), the internationally recognized measure of greenhouse gas emissions (see Figure 8.1: Citywide Greenhouse Gas Emissions ...
Climate change mitigation
Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change. Climate change mitigation generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Mitigation may also be achieved by increasing the capacity of carbon sinks, e.g., through reforestation. Mitigation policies can substantially reduce the risks associated with human-induced global warming.""Mitigation is a public good; climate change is a case of ‘the tragedy of the commons’""Effective climate change mitigation will not be achieved if each agent (individual, institution or country) acts independently in its own selfish interest, (See International Cooperation and Emissions Trading) suggesting the need for collective action. Some adaptation actions, on the other hand, have characteristics of a private good as benefits of actions may accrue more directly to the individuals, regions, or countries that undertake them, at least in the short term. Nevertheless, financing such adaptive activities remains an issue, particularly for poor individuals and countries.""Examples of mitigation include switching to low-carbon energy sources, such as renewable and nuclear energy, and expanding forests and other ""sinks"" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Energy efficiency may also play a role, for example, through improving the insulation of buildings. Another approach to climate change mitigation is climate engineering.Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of GHGs at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference of the climate system. Scientific analysis can provide information on the impacts of climate change, but deciding which impacts are dangerous requires value judgments.In 2010, Parties to the UNFCCC agreed that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. This may be revised with a target of limiting global warming to below 1.5 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. The current trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions does not appear to be consistent with limiting global warming to below 1.5 or 2 °C, relative to pre-industrial levels. Other mitigation policies have been proposed, some of which are more stringent or modest than the 2 °C limit.