IFC`s Definitions and Metrics for Climate
... 3) Energy efficiency: a. Energy efficiency in industry i. Industrial energy efficiency improvements in existing facilities through the installation of more-efficient17 equipment, changes in processes, reduction of heat losses, and greater waste heat recovery18 ii. Installation in existing facilities ...
... 3) Energy efficiency: a. Energy efficiency in industry i. Industrial energy efficiency improvements in existing facilities through the installation of more-efficient17 equipment, changes in processes, reduction of heat losses, and greater waste heat recovery18 ii. Installation in existing facilities ...
Primer on Short-Lived Climate Pollutants
... Montreal Protocol to do this, as have the North American Parties (Mexico, Canada, and the U.S.).11 As of 2013 more than 100 Parties have expressed support.12 Action at national and regional levels, such as the European Union’s regulatory efforts13, also can reduce HFCs, as can voluntary efforts. 14 ...
... Montreal Protocol to do this, as have the North American Parties (Mexico, Canada, and the U.S.).11 As of 2013 more than 100 Parties have expressed support.12 Action at national and regional levels, such as the European Union’s regulatory efforts13, also can reduce HFCs, as can voluntary efforts. 14 ...
... system or a carbon tax . Through greenhouse gas emissions pricing, governments create an incentive for parties to lower their greenhouse gas emissions by placing a cost on them. However, imposing costs on energy-intensive industries in the United States could potentially place them at a disadvantage ...
1 Top-down and Bottom-up Approaches in Climate Change and
... of variable geometry. It examines various fora for implementing a more effective GHG emissions reduction and deals with sectoral agreements. 2. Justifying a Bottom-up Approach The Kyoto Protocol is a highly centralized, top-down agreement12 on climate change, which has proven to be very rigid in the ...
... of variable geometry. It examines various fora for implementing a more effective GHG emissions reduction and deals with sectoral agreements. 2. Justifying a Bottom-up Approach The Kyoto Protocol is a highly centralized, top-down agreement12 on climate change, which has proven to be very rigid in the ...
Aviation`s Contribution to Climate Change
... affect aviation remains to be seen but there are early signs of recovery. The usual pattern is a decline or downturn in demand that often recovers after 2 to 3 years, sometimes so strongly that the growth is put back ‘on track’. For example, after the early 2000s events, recovery in RPK in some subs ...
... affect aviation remains to be seen but there are early signs of recovery. The usual pattern is a decline or downturn in demand that often recovers after 2 to 3 years, sometimes so strongly that the growth is put back ‘on track’. For example, after the early 2000s events, recovery in RPK in some subs ...
canadian pulp and paper association
... Canada's forest sector is a combination of industrial groups including the harvesting and forest management industry, solid-wood industries (e.g. lumber, plywood and panelboard manufacturers) and paper and allied industries (pulp mill newsprint mills and producers of paperboard and fine paper produc ...
... Canada's forest sector is a combination of industrial groups including the harvesting and forest management industry, solid-wood industries (e.g. lumber, plywood and panelboard manufacturers) and paper and allied industries (pulp mill newsprint mills and producers of paperboard and fine paper produc ...
Go Green: Ontario`s Action Plan on Climate Change
... and incentives necessary to ensure their adoption by private industry. Building on these consultations, we will introduce a $15 million program to provide incentives to convert 1,000 of Ontario’s medium-duty commercial vehicles to hybrid electric and other fuel-efficient technologies. Several green ...
... and incentives necessary to ensure their adoption by private industry. Building on these consultations, we will introduce a $15 million program to provide incentives to convert 1,000 of Ontario’s medium-duty commercial vehicles to hybrid electric and other fuel-efficient technologies. Several green ...
Key Developments in CCS- & John Gale General Manager
... absence of regulatory guidelines That it was built at a time of very high labour costs and to cost!! The path taken and considerations taken to choose the capture technology The consideration process that has been laid out to decide on the next project ...
... absence of regulatory guidelines That it was built at a time of very high labour costs and to cost!! The path taken and considerations taken to choose the capture technology The consideration process that has been laid out to decide on the next project ...
PDF
... Agriculture is an important part of New Zealand’s economy, and the sector faces similar challenges as other large producing countries of the world as it strives to maintain or enhance the level of output while keeping its resource use and environmental integrity in check. Agricultural production in ...
... Agriculture is an important part of New Zealand’s economy, and the sector faces similar challenges as other large producing countries of the world as it strives to maintain or enhance the level of output while keeping its resource use and environmental integrity in check. Agricultural production in ...
COSATU Draft Policy Discussion Document on Fracking July 2014
... “The growth in renewable energy merely supplements the use of fossil fuels, which continues to increase at an alarming rate. Fossil fuels are still set to meet more than three–fourths of total energy needs in 2035 assuming current policies are unchanged”. The statement illustrates that the world is ...
... “The growth in renewable energy merely supplements the use of fossil fuels, which continues to increase at an alarming rate. Fossil fuels are still set to meet more than three–fourths of total energy needs in 2035 assuming current policies are unchanged”. The statement illustrates that the world is ...
"Greenhouse warming? What greenhouse warming?" PDF
... The UN’s diagram shows the pattern of zonal mean simulated atmospheric temperature change from 1890 to 1999, in °C per century from six causes – (a) natural radiative forcing from changes in solar activity; (b) natural radiative forcing from changes in volcanic activity; (c) anthropogenic radiative ...
... The UN’s diagram shows the pattern of zonal mean simulated atmospheric temperature change from 1890 to 1999, in °C per century from six causes – (a) natural radiative forcing from changes in solar activity; (b) natural radiative forcing from changes in volcanic activity; (c) anthropogenic radiative ...
Improving the 5th UK carbon budget
... carbon budgets, or accounted for when setting the budgets, to ensure they are aligned with a cost-effective trajectory to our 2050 target. 4. The UK’s long-term goal should be strengthened to reflect the stronger climate objectives in the Paris agreement, and the 5th carbon budget should be adjusted ...
... carbon budgets, or accounted for when setting the budgets, to ensure they are aligned with a cost-effective trajectory to our 2050 target. 4. The UK’s long-term goal should be strengthened to reflect the stronger climate objectives in the Paris agreement, and the 5th carbon budget should be adjusted ...
The Disputed Science of
... floods in Germany during August 2002 were caused by a jet stream in the upper atmosphere moving from its usual location in the north Atlantic and sweeping in a circle that took it across western Europe. No connection with either global warming or increased levels of carbon dioxide can be established ...
... floods in Germany during August 2002 were caused by a jet stream in the upper atmosphere moving from its usual location in the north Atlantic and sweeping in a circle that took it across western Europe. No connection with either global warming or increased levels of carbon dioxide can be established ...
svcrproc
... ergy demand and supply. It was mainly used for GHG emission forecast over next one century. AIM/CGE (Energy) is a general equilibrium model focused on energy sectors to analyze the relationship between emissions and international trade. It was frequently used for the assessment of Kyoto Mechanism su ...
... ergy demand and supply. It was mainly used for GHG emission forecast over next one century. AIM/CGE (Energy) is a general equilibrium model focused on energy sectors to analyze the relationship between emissions and international trade. It was frequently used for the assessment of Kyoto Mechanism su ...
Nonstate Actors in the Climate Arena
... previously committed to restraining global temperatures to no more than a 2 degrees Celsius increase above pre-industrial levels, a level beyond which scientists fear “dangerous” consequences. Since the main greenhouse gas -- carbon dioxide -- persists in the atmosphere for about one hundred years, ...
... previously committed to restraining global temperatures to no more than a 2 degrees Celsius increase above pre-industrial levels, a level beyond which scientists fear “dangerous” consequences. Since the main greenhouse gas -- carbon dioxide -- persists in the atmosphere for about one hundred years, ...
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION MEASURES ON
... society to adapt to climate change and to achieve sustainable development. They have the capacity to develop environmentally friendly technologies that can be transferred to the developing world. Developing countries, on the other hand, have neither the resources nor the socioeconomic infrastructure ...
... society to adapt to climate change and to achieve sustainable development. They have the capacity to develop environmentally friendly technologies that can be transferred to the developing world. Developing countries, on the other hand, have neither the resources nor the socioeconomic infrastructure ...
5 global warming
... Examples of sentences that can be used in this game: Carbon dioxide emission causes an increase in the greenhouse effect ...
... Examples of sentences that can be used in this game: Carbon dioxide emission causes an increase in the greenhouse effect ...
PDF
... of introducing forestry mitigation opportunities on the costs of meeting a 550 ppmv CO2 concentration target. According to this last study, forest activities generates policy cost savings of around 40% that could be used to finance an additional 0.25°C less warming by the end of the century. Both st ...
... of introducing forestry mitigation opportunities on the costs of meeting a 550 ppmv CO2 concentration target. According to this last study, forest activities generates policy cost savings of around 40% that could be used to finance an additional 0.25°C less warming by the end of the century. Both st ...
Report
... accounted for 19% of the world’s 2008 carbon emissions. The U.S. ranks second after China, which accounted for 23% of global 2008 carbon emissions. China has 1.3 billion people, or 19% of the world’s population. Although China has 5 times as many people as the United States, the U.S. emits nearly th ...
... accounted for 19% of the world’s 2008 carbon emissions. The U.S. ranks second after China, which accounted for 23% of global 2008 carbon emissions. China has 1.3 billion people, or 19% of the world’s population. Although China has 5 times as many people as the United States, the U.S. emits nearly th ...
The UK Climate Change Act 2008
... economics of climate change demonstrated that the costs of inaction would be far greater than the costs of action to mitigate climate change.1 In 2007, the intergovernmental panel on climate change’s (IPCC) fourth assessment report (AR4) concluded that warming of the climate system is unequivocal an ...
... economics of climate change demonstrated that the costs of inaction would be far greater than the costs of action to mitigate climate change.1 In 2007, the intergovernmental panel on climate change’s (IPCC) fourth assessment report (AR4) concluded that warming of the climate system is unequivocal an ...
Debating Climate Change David Weisbach
... unanimous in their conclusion that the developed countries should take the lead in bearing the costs of climate change, while the less developed countries should be allowed to increase emissions for the foreseeable future.”1 These philosophers are mistaken. This policy recommendation a bad one, but ...
... unanimous in their conclusion that the developed countries should take the lead in bearing the costs of climate change, while the less developed countries should be allowed to increase emissions for the foreseeable future.”1 These philosophers are mistaken. This policy recommendation a bad one, but ...
The science of climate change - Australian Academy of Science
... to respond to the consequences of future climate change.’ It is incumbent on society to consider these choices. I wish to thank all the members of the Working Group and Oversight Committee (whose names are listed on the back cover) for their painstaking work in the preparation of this update. I also ...
... to respond to the consequences of future climate change.’ It is incumbent on society to consider these choices. I wish to thank all the members of the Working Group and Oversight Committee (whose names are listed on the back cover) for their painstaking work in the preparation of this update. I also ...
Combating Global Climate Change - University of Michigan Law
... into the United States. A carbon tax would enable the market to account for the societal costs of carbon dioxide emissions and thereby promote emission reductions, just like a cap and trade system. A carbon tax would be easier to implement and enforce, however, and simpler to adjust if the resulting ...
... into the United States. A carbon tax would enable the market to account for the societal costs of carbon dioxide emissions and thereby promote emission reductions, just like a cap and trade system. A carbon tax would be easier to implement and enforce, however, and simpler to adjust if the resulting ...
Climate change mitigation
Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change. Climate change mitigation generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Mitigation may also be achieved by increasing the capacity of carbon sinks, e.g., through reforestation. Mitigation policies can substantially reduce the risks associated with human-induced global warming.""Mitigation is a public good; climate change is a case of ‘the tragedy of the commons’""Effective climate change mitigation will not be achieved if each agent (individual, institution or country) acts independently in its own selfish interest, (See International Cooperation and Emissions Trading) suggesting the need for collective action. Some adaptation actions, on the other hand, have characteristics of a private good as benefits of actions may accrue more directly to the individuals, regions, or countries that undertake them, at least in the short term. Nevertheless, financing such adaptive activities remains an issue, particularly for poor individuals and countries.""Examples of mitigation include switching to low-carbon energy sources, such as renewable and nuclear energy, and expanding forests and other ""sinks"" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Energy efficiency may also play a role, for example, through improving the insulation of buildings. Another approach to climate change mitigation is climate engineering.Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of GHGs at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference of the climate system. Scientific analysis can provide information on the impacts of climate change, but deciding which impacts are dangerous requires value judgments.In 2010, Parties to the UNFCCC agreed that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. This may be revised with a target of limiting global warming to below 1.5 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. The current trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions does not appear to be consistent with limiting global warming to below 1.5 or 2 °C, relative to pre-industrial levels. Other mitigation policies have been proposed, some of which are more stringent or modest than the 2 °C limit.