Inter-relationships between adaptation and mitigation
... Plantations for charcoal have the greatest carbon benefits, but have high social impacts in the Brazilian context. Plantations also inherently compete with deforestation reduction options for funds. Forest management has been proposed as a global warming response option, but the assignment of any va ...
... Plantations for charcoal have the greatest carbon benefits, but have high social impacts in the Brazilian context. Plantations also inherently compete with deforestation reduction options for funds. Forest management has been proposed as a global warming response option, but the assignment of any va ...
population dynamics and climate change - 12
... drivers of climate change (IPCC,2007). They affect the absorption, scattering and emission of radiation within the atmosphere and at the earth’s surface. The changes are projected to lead to change in climate, mainly temperature and rainfall. Human activities result in emissions of long lived GHGs c ...
... drivers of climate change (IPCC,2007). They affect the absorption, scattering and emission of radiation within the atmosphere and at the earth’s surface. The changes are projected to lead to change in climate, mainly temperature and rainfall. Human activities result in emissions of long lived GHGs c ...
climate change in cincinnati
... the future. What actions and initiatives can Xavier implement to reduce its carbon footprint? Chapter 9 identifies many ways in which an average local citizen can reduce her/his greenhouse gas emissions. Transportation fuels contribute a large part of our emissions, so Chapter 10 looks at the existi ...
... the future. What actions and initiatives can Xavier implement to reduce its carbon footprint? Chapter 9 identifies many ways in which an average local citizen can reduce her/his greenhouse gas emissions. Transportation fuels contribute a large part of our emissions, so Chapter 10 looks at the existi ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES A SUMMARY AND INTERPRETATION
... DICE, PAGE, and FUND all take stylized, reduced-form approaches (see NRC 2009 and Nordhaus 2008). Other IAMs may better reflect the complexity of the science in their modeling frameworks but do not link physical impacts to economic damages. Underlying the three IAMs selected for this exercise are a ...
... DICE, PAGE, and FUND all take stylized, reduced-form approaches (see NRC 2009 and Nordhaus 2008). Other IAMs may better reflect the complexity of the science in their modeling frameworks but do not link physical impacts to economic damages. Underlying the three IAMs selected for this exercise are a ...
Sustainability Plan
... This Sustainability Plan document was prepared for the Town of DeWitt by the Central New York Regional Planning and Development Board (CNY RPDB), a public agency that was established in 1966 by Cayuga, Cortland, Madison, Onondaga, and Oswego Counties under the provisions of Article 12B of the New Yo ...
... This Sustainability Plan document was prepared for the Town of DeWitt by the Central New York Regional Planning and Development Board (CNY RPDB), a public agency that was established in 1966 by Cayuga, Cortland, Madison, Onondaga, and Oswego Counties under the provisions of Article 12B of the New Yo ...
Assessing ``Dangerous Climate Change
... Abstract: We assess climate impacts of global warming using ongoing observations and paleoclimate data. We use Earth’s measured energy imbalance, paleoclimate data, and simple representations of the global carbon cycle and temperature to define emission reductions needed to stabilize climate and avo ...
... Abstract: We assess climate impacts of global warming using ongoing observations and paleoclimate data. We use Earth’s measured energy imbalance, paleoclimate data, and simple representations of the global carbon cycle and temperature to define emission reductions needed to stabilize climate and avo ...
Status of the Copenhagen Climate Change Negotiations CRS Report for Congress
... The negotiations currently are running on two tracks, one under the Kyoto Protocol and the other under the UNFCCC’s “Bali Action Plan” of 2007. The Kyoto Protocol’s first commitment period runs from 2008 to 2012, during which wealthier (“Annex I”) countries agreed to reduce their GHG emissions to an ...
... The negotiations currently are running on two tracks, one under the Kyoto Protocol and the other under the UNFCCC’s “Bali Action Plan” of 2007. The Kyoto Protocol’s first commitment period runs from 2008 to 2012, during which wealthier (“Annex I”) countries agreed to reduce their GHG emissions to an ...
Report on Greenpeace NZ Campaign to Raise
... fauna to flourish, and our human population to grow significantly. However, in more recent years, particular during the last five to ten decades the climate balance has been upset due mainly to industrialisation, which has caused an increase in the amount of the amount of greenhouse gases (mainly ca ...
... fauna to flourish, and our human population to grow significantly. However, in more recent years, particular during the last five to ten decades the climate balance has been upset due mainly to industrialisation, which has caused an increase in the amount of the amount of greenhouse gases (mainly ca ...
PDF
... (Quiggin, 2008). For example, the extent and effect of the increase in GHG concentration on temperature is very uncertain. IPCC’s central estimates of emissions suggest a doubling of current CO2 concentrations by the mid-21st century, leading to projected warming of more than 1 degree Celsius to nea ...
... (Quiggin, 2008). For example, the extent and effect of the increase in GHG concentration on temperature is very uncertain. IPCC’s central estimates of emissions suggest a doubling of current CO2 concentrations by the mid-21st century, leading to projected warming of more than 1 degree Celsius to nea ...
PDF - 15.64MB - RTCC - Responding to Climate Change
... climate is concerned – the two domains are not unconnected – we need to guarantee fulfilment of the commitment given in Copenhagen in 2009 to raise every year over the period to 2020, as a priority for the benefit of the poorest and most vulnerable countries, 100 billion dollars in public and privat ...
... climate is concerned – the two domains are not unconnected – we need to guarantee fulfilment of the commitment given in Copenhagen in 2009 to raise every year over the period to 2020, as a priority for the benefit of the poorest and most vulnerable countries, 100 billion dollars in public and privat ...
Parliament of Victoria
... and analysis of the scientific research on climate change yet undertaken.2 The IPCC concluded that the warming of the planet’s surface is unequivocal, and it identified human activity as the principal driver of contemporary global warming. The IPCC has found that since 1750 human activities have led ...
... and analysis of the scientific research on climate change yet undertaken.2 The IPCC concluded that the warming of the planet’s surface is unequivocal, and it identified human activity as the principal driver of contemporary global warming. The IPCC has found that since 1750 human activities have led ...
Global collapse—Fact or fiction? Futures
... estimates of what land area would be needed to satisfy current human consumption in a sustainable manner, compared to the land area available, for example in [18]. The grim result of these efforts are summarized in Fig. 5 which shows that humanity already uses the equivalent of 25% more land than is ...
... estimates of what land area would be needed to satisfy current human consumption in a sustainable manner, compared to the land area available, for example in [18]. The grim result of these efforts are summarized in Fig. 5 which shows that humanity already uses the equivalent of 25% more land than is ...
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Economics Working Paper Series
... DICE, PAGE, and FUND all take stylized, reduced-form approaches (see NRC 2009 and Nordhaus 2008). Other IAMs may better reflect the complexity of the science in their modeling frameworks but do not link physical impacts to economic damages. Underlying the three IAMs selected for this exercise are a ...
... DICE, PAGE, and FUND all take stylized, reduced-form approaches (see NRC 2009 and Nordhaus 2008). Other IAMs may better reflect the complexity of the science in their modeling frameworks but do not link physical impacts to economic damages. Underlying the three IAMs selected for this exercise are a ...
Up in smoke? Latin America and the Caribbean
... communicate across the world in fractions of a second, eradicate many diseases, and extend peoples’ life expectancies. We have also achieved important gains in political, economic, social, cultural, and environmental rights. And yet, never before have the life forms that share this extraordinary pla ...
... communicate across the world in fractions of a second, eradicate many diseases, and extend peoples’ life expectancies. We have also achieved important gains in political, economic, social, cultural, and environmental rights. And yet, never before have the life forms that share this extraordinary pla ...
Climate Change: Current Issues and Policy Tools
... assortment of policy instruments is available; studies suggest that a combination could be most effective in achieving various climate policy objectives. Current policy attention has focused on “cap and trade” strategies to reduce GHG emissions, with additional policy tools aimed at promoting the te ...
... assortment of policy instruments is available; studies suggest that a combination could be most effective in achieving various climate policy objectives. Current policy attention has focused on “cap and trade” strategies to reduce GHG emissions, with additional policy tools aimed at promoting the te ...
Technical Description of Climate Change Research Programme (CCRP) Call for Fellowships
... developed and developing countries. Climate change will impact on developed and developing countries and requires a global response. However, developing countries, particularly Least Developed Countries, have limited capacity to respond to these challenges. Advanced developing countries, having rapi ...
... developed and developing countries. Climate change will impact on developed and developing countries and requires a global response. However, developing countries, particularly Least Developed Countries, have limited capacity to respond to these challenges. Advanced developing countries, having rapi ...
Up in smoke? Latin America and the Caribbean
... communicate across the world in fractions of a second, eradicate many diseases, and extend peoples’ life expectancies. We have also achieved important gains in political, economic, social, cultural, and environmental rights. And yet, never before have the life forms that share this extraordinary pla ...
... communicate across the world in fractions of a second, eradicate many diseases, and extend peoples’ life expectancies. We have also achieved important gains in political, economic, social, cultural, and environmental rights. And yet, never before have the life forms that share this extraordinary pla ...
Depletion of fossil fuels and anthropogenic climate change—A review
... methodology that aims to explore alternative futures (SRES, 2000). The emission scenarios are neither predictions nor forecasts, even though they are commonly used as such. In addition, no probabilities or likelihoods are assigned to any of scenarios since and all of them are considered equally plau ...
... methodology that aims to explore alternative futures (SRES, 2000). The emission scenarios are neither predictions nor forecasts, even though they are commonly used as such. In addition, no probabilities or likelihoods are assigned to any of scenarios since and all of them are considered equally plau ...
Paths beyond Paris
... Over twenty years have passed since governments within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) began to discuss the impending climate crisis. Year after year, we witness the talks moving further away from identifying the root causes of climate change while the increasing i ...
... Over twenty years have passed since governments within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) began to discuss the impending climate crisis. Year after year, we witness the talks moving further away from identifying the root causes of climate change while the increasing i ...
paths beyond paris
... Over twenty years have passed since governments within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) began to discuss the impending climate crisis. Year after year, we witness the talks moving further away from identifying the root causes of climate change while the increasing i ...
... Over twenty years have passed since governments within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) began to discuss the impending climate crisis. Year after year, we witness the talks moving further away from identifying the root causes of climate change while the increasing i ...
South Korea`s 2030 Carbon Mitigation Target and the INDC
... Target is not only a regression from former sustainable economic growth goals, but also continuing an older industrial development-centred mentality. Under the 2030 Mitigation Target, high emissions manufacturing industries will have more time to maintain their present or even higher levels of emiss ...
... Target is not only a regression from former sustainable economic growth goals, but also continuing an older industrial development-centred mentality. Under the 2030 Mitigation Target, high emissions manufacturing industries will have more time to maintain their present or even higher levels of emiss ...
Stepping Stone or Stumbling Block
... industry that can be forged to pass domestic legislation may not extend to stricter international legislation that creates newly divergent interests. The general lesson is that we should not conclude that all national climate change legislative proposals are worth substantial political investment. B ...
... industry that can be forged to pass domestic legislation may not extend to stricter international legislation that creates newly divergent interests. The general lesson is that we should not conclude that all national climate change legislative proposals are worth substantial political investment. B ...
Global and Mediterranean climate change: a short summary
... depending on the implementation of policies for the reduction of GHGs emissions. The observed changes, and those expected for the future, impact many sectors. As an example, it has been suggested that climate change (CC) impacts on health may be viewed as a form of involuntary exposure, which is alr ...
... depending on the implementation of policies for the reduction of GHGs emissions. The observed changes, and those expected for the future, impact many sectors. As an example, it has been suggested that climate change (CC) impacts on health may be viewed as a form of involuntary exposure, which is alr ...
Climate change mitigation
Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change. Climate change mitigation generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Mitigation may also be achieved by increasing the capacity of carbon sinks, e.g., through reforestation. Mitigation policies can substantially reduce the risks associated with human-induced global warming.""Mitigation is a public good; climate change is a case of ‘the tragedy of the commons’""Effective climate change mitigation will not be achieved if each agent (individual, institution or country) acts independently in its own selfish interest, (See International Cooperation and Emissions Trading) suggesting the need for collective action. Some adaptation actions, on the other hand, have characteristics of a private good as benefits of actions may accrue more directly to the individuals, regions, or countries that undertake them, at least in the short term. Nevertheless, financing such adaptive activities remains an issue, particularly for poor individuals and countries.""Examples of mitigation include switching to low-carbon energy sources, such as renewable and nuclear energy, and expanding forests and other ""sinks"" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Energy efficiency may also play a role, for example, through improving the insulation of buildings. Another approach to climate change mitigation is climate engineering.Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of GHGs at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference of the climate system. Scientific analysis can provide information on the impacts of climate change, but deciding which impacts are dangerous requires value judgments.In 2010, Parties to the UNFCCC agreed that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. This may be revised with a target of limiting global warming to below 1.5 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. The current trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions does not appear to be consistent with limiting global warming to below 1.5 or 2 °C, relative to pre-industrial levels. Other mitigation policies have been proposed, some of which are more stringent or modest than the 2 °C limit.