China’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Policies CRS Report for Congress
... essential to maintain the planet at habitable temperatures. There is less agreement on how much warming would result from the higher atmospheric GHG concentrations expected if emissions from fossil fuel use, deforestation, and some agricultural and industrial processes continue. Scientific concerns ...
... essential to maintain the planet at habitable temperatures. There is less agreement on how much warming would result from the higher atmospheric GHG concentrations expected if emissions from fossil fuel use, deforestation, and some agricultural and industrial processes continue. Scientific concerns ...
SAP Highlevel presentation
... Radiative forcing by future HFC emissions can be ~25% of that of CO2 future emissions (scenarios from SRES). Future HFC emissions can significantly hinder achieving the 450 ppm stabilization target. ...
... Radiative forcing by future HFC emissions can be ~25% of that of CO2 future emissions (scenarios from SRES). Future HFC emissions can significantly hinder achieving the 450 ppm stabilization target. ...
Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon
... the major sources of soot emissions, but now developing nations in the tropics and East Asia are the major source regions18,19 (Fig. 1). Historical BC emissions are available for fossil fuel combustion and biofuel cooking18,19. Past emissions of BC from biomass burning are very uncertain19, although ...
... the major sources of soot emissions, but now developing nations in the tropics and East Asia are the major source regions18,19 (Fig. 1). Historical BC emissions are available for fossil fuel combustion and biofuel cooking18,19. Past emissions of BC from biomass burning are very uncertain19, although ...
Comment by: Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger
... the federal regulations incorporating the SCC into cost/benefit analysis apply to rules regulating domestic activities (including this one), reporting only the global impact—the knowledge (in all areas, i.e., economics, social, environmental, etc.) of which is far less constrained than potential U.S ...
... the federal regulations incorporating the SCC into cost/benefit analysis apply to rules regulating domestic activities (including this one), reporting only the global impact—the knowledge (in all areas, i.e., economics, social, environmental, etc.) of which is far less constrained than potential U.S ...
Understanding the Data
... energy is used in London, but it does have a lot of influence. The control over energy use in London rests primarily with our citizens, visitors, employers and employees. Individual and collective action with respect of sustainable energy use, energy management, and energy conservation is the key to ...
... energy is used in London, but it does have a lot of influence. The control over energy use in London rests primarily with our citizens, visitors, employers and employees. Individual and collective action with respect of sustainable energy use, energy management, and energy conservation is the key to ...
Research priorities in land use and land
... components that drive that evolution – human decisionmaking and intrinsic natural variability alike. Although these drivers may be of very different origin, both must be understood to improve our understanding of both why the Earth’s system behaves as it does now, and what impact future decisions ab ...
... components that drive that evolution – human decisionmaking and intrinsic natural variability alike. Although these drivers may be of very different origin, both must be understood to improve our understanding of both why the Earth’s system behaves as it does now, and what impact future decisions ab ...
Mitigating Climate Change Through Food and Land Use
... or carbon sinks on the planet. Over a relatively short timescale of less than thousands of years, the carbon cycle is a biological and physical process whereby carbon moves among the vegetation, soil, and animals on land; the atmosphere; and the organisms and water in the oceans. (See Figure.) Over ...
... or carbon sinks on the planet. Over a relatively short timescale of less than thousands of years, the carbon cycle is a biological and physical process whereby carbon moves among the vegetation, soil, and animals on land; the atmosphere; and the organisms and water in the oceans. (See Figure.) Over ...
Cutting the Knot
... Given this, it is unsettling that the current concentration of CO2 (~380 ppm) together with other well-mixed greenhouse-gases already amounts to about 460 ppm of CO2equivalent. Thankfully, the effective concentration is somewhat lower, roughly 360 to 400 ppm CO2-equivalent, because of the negative r ...
... Given this, it is unsettling that the current concentration of CO2 (~380 ppm) together with other well-mixed greenhouse-gases already amounts to about 460 ppm of CO2equivalent. Thankfully, the effective concentration is somewhat lower, roughly 360 to 400 ppm CO2-equivalent, because of the negative r ...
Carbon Price Forecasts - Parliamentary Commissioner for the
... The issues are related to some extent, as the level of ambition is likely to reflect the level of international concern about the issue which, in turn, is likely to be reflected in the extent of international agreement and cooperation. The scenarios chosen for analysis, and as recommended by PCE, re ...
... The issues are related to some extent, as the level of ambition is likely to reflect the level of international concern about the issue which, in turn, is likely to be reflected in the extent of international agreement and cooperation. The scenarios chosen for analysis, and as recommended by PCE, re ...
Global Warming Begins at Home
... • concern that economic progress will be impeded by action on climate change. However, it should be noted that there are many individuals, groups, businesses, and governments that are not resistant and have taken action. In particular, many U.S. states and city mayors (see www.ci.seattle.wa.us/mayor ...
... • concern that economic progress will be impeded by action on climate change. However, it should be noted that there are many individuals, groups, businesses, and governments that are not resistant and have taken action. In particular, many U.S. states and city mayors (see www.ci.seattle.wa.us/mayor ...
Emerging Markets for Carbon Stored by Northwest Forests
... conservation (avoiding deforestation), planting trees, and managing existing forests to enhance carbon storage (for example, by extending rotations). Ocean sequestration, and sequestering carbon in marine environments such as kelp forests, is another potential strategy (Parker, 2004) which has treme ...
... conservation (avoiding deforestation), planting trees, and managing existing forests to enhance carbon storage (for example, by extending rotations). Ocean sequestration, and sequestering carbon in marine environments such as kelp forests, is another potential strategy (Parker, 2004) which has treme ...
FCCC Framework Convention on Climate Change United Nations
... (accounting for 86 per cent) of GHG emissions (for all Parties that provided projections by sector). Emissions from the energy sector are projected to decrease by 2.2 per cent, from 14.2 thousand Tg CO2 eq in 1990 to 13.9 thousand Tg CO2 eq in 2010. This decrease is significant in comparison with th ...
... (accounting for 86 per cent) of GHG emissions (for all Parties that provided projections by sector). Emissions from the energy sector are projected to decrease by 2.2 per cent, from 14.2 thousand Tg CO2 eq in 1990 to 13.9 thousand Tg CO2 eq in 2010. This decrease is significant in comparison with th ...
Cutting the Knot
... Given this, it is unsettling that the current concentration of CO 2 (~380 ppm) together with other well-mixed greenhouse-gases already amounts to about 460 ppm of CO2equivalent. Thankfully, the effective concentration is somewhat lower, roughly 360 to 400 ppm CO2-equivalent, because of the negative ...
... Given this, it is unsettling that the current concentration of CO 2 (~380 ppm) together with other well-mixed greenhouse-gases already amounts to about 460 ppm of CO2equivalent. Thankfully, the effective concentration is somewhat lower, roughly 360 to 400 ppm CO2-equivalent, because of the negative ...
The United Kingdom (UK) Climate Policy
... The UK has significant, but declining, oil and gas reserves, though 60% of the country’s energy needs are still met with domestic supply. 22 The UK’s electricity grid remains quite carbon-intensive, with coal still accounting for a large share of generation (23%). 23 Natural gas makes up the largest ...
... The UK has significant, but declining, oil and gas reserves, though 60% of the country’s energy needs are still met with domestic supply. 22 The UK’s electricity grid remains quite carbon-intensive, with coal still accounting for a large share of generation (23%). 23 Natural gas makes up the largest ...
SoE 08 Part 3.1 PCW Energy - Commissioner for Environmental
... In 2006, Victoria was responsible for about one fifth of Australia’s emissions and about 85% of greenhouse gas emissions generated in Victoria were produced by energy generation and use1 (see Figure E1). Sixty-nine percent of emissions came from the stationary energy sector, primarily from electrici ...
... In 2006, Victoria was responsible for about one fifth of Australia’s emissions and about 85% of greenhouse gas emissions generated in Victoria were produced by energy generation and use1 (see Figure E1). Sixty-nine percent of emissions came from the stationary energy sector, primarily from electrici ...
A Climate Chronology - University of Maine
... carbon dioxide (CO2) would do to global temperature.” A 2015 Carbon Brief poll of leading IPCC scientists found this paper most often chosen as the “most influential climate change paper of all time.”11 1970 - President Nixon establishes the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the National Env ...
... carbon dioxide (CO2) would do to global temperature.” A 2015 Carbon Brief poll of leading IPCC scientists found this paper most often chosen as the “most influential climate change paper of all time.”11 1970 - President Nixon establishes the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the National Env ...
The scientific and international context for the fifth
... Under the Climate Change Act (2008) the Committee is required to advise the Government, by the end of 2015, on the level of the UK’s fifth carbon budget. The budget will set the limit on the amount of greenhouse gases that can be emitted by the UK between 2028 and 2032. The fifth budget marks the ha ...
... Under the Climate Change Act (2008) the Committee is required to advise the Government, by the end of 2015, on the level of the UK’s fifth carbon budget. The budget will set the limit on the amount of greenhouse gases that can be emitted by the UK between 2028 and 2032. The fifth budget marks the ha ...
1 January 6, 2016 Subject to revision The George Washington
... Key questions: What are the issues involved in choosing a discount rate when evaluating long-term benefits and costs? What are useful approaches to decision-making under uncertainty and to evaluating the risk of catastrophic change? Debate topics: (1) In evaluating possible mitigation policies, shou ...
... Key questions: What are the issues involved in choosing a discount rate when evaluating long-term benefits and costs? What are useful approaches to decision-making under uncertainty and to evaluating the risk of catastrophic change? Debate topics: (1) In evaluating possible mitigation policies, shou ...
July 2016 - American Bar Association
... Mitigation In order to attain the mitigation goals set forth in Article 2, the Parties agreed to submit “nationally determined contributions” (NDCs) and agreed that their efforts will “represent a progression over time.” Paris Agreement art. 3. Thus, while the Agreement legally binds Parties to set ...
... Mitigation In order to attain the mitigation goals set forth in Article 2, the Parties agreed to submit “nationally determined contributions” (NDCs) and agreed that their efforts will “represent a progression over time.” Paris Agreement art. 3. Thus, while the Agreement legally binds Parties to set ...
International Climate Technology Strategies The Harvard Project on International Climate Agreements
... this range, the cost of GHG mitigation through 2050 is trillions or tens of trillions of dollars of discounted GDP, or an annualized cost in the tens to hundreds of billions per year (Newell forthcoming). Longer-term total costs through 2100 are approximately double this amount. While these estimate ...
... this range, the cost of GHG mitigation through 2050 is trillions or tens of trillions of dollars of discounted GDP, or an annualized cost in the tens to hundreds of billions per year (Newell forthcoming). Longer-term total costs through 2100 are approximately double this amount. While these estimate ...
Full list of `Environment` briefings - European Parliament
... fuels by the transportation industry. According to general circulation models, the warming trend, in a doubling CO2 emissions scenario, has been estimated to be around 3 ± 1.5 °C, with regional temperature increases at mid- to high-latitudes, possibly exceeding 10 °C. The pace of climate change, how ...
... fuels by the transportation industry. According to general circulation models, the warming trend, in a doubling CO2 emissions scenario, has been estimated to be around 3 ± 1.5 °C, with regional temperature increases at mid- to high-latitudes, possibly exceeding 10 °C. The pace of climate change, how ...
Climate ethics and population policy
... study concluded that ‘reduced population growth could make a significant contribution to global emissions reductions.’ It continued: Several analyses have estimated how much emissions would have to be reduced by 2050 to meet long-term policy goals such as avoiding warming of more than 2◦ C or preven ...
... study concluded that ‘reduced population growth could make a significant contribution to global emissions reductions.’ It continued: Several analyses have estimated how much emissions would have to be reduced by 2050 to meet long-term policy goals such as avoiding warming of more than 2◦ C or preven ...
DOC - Climate Change Authority
... Future levels of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere will depend largely on the effectiveness of policies to reduce emissions, and on changes in population and technology. The precise temperature response to future greenhouse gas concentrations is also uncertain; climate models project f ...
... Future levels of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere will depend largely on the effectiveness of policies to reduce emissions, and on changes in population and technology. The precise temperature response to future greenhouse gas concentrations is also uncertain; climate models project f ...
Frequently asked questions about fossil fuels
... lobbying against the mineral resources rent tax. Fossil fuel corporations are not going to shift away from exploiting their asset base without significant public pressure. For more information about the amount of money that fossil fuel corporations have put into stalling progress on climate change p ...
... lobbying against the mineral resources rent tax. Fossil fuel corporations are not going to shift away from exploiting their asset base without significant public pressure. For more information about the amount of money that fossil fuel corporations have put into stalling progress on climate change p ...
Climate change mitigation
Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change. Climate change mitigation generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Mitigation may also be achieved by increasing the capacity of carbon sinks, e.g., through reforestation. Mitigation policies can substantially reduce the risks associated with human-induced global warming.""Mitigation is a public good; climate change is a case of ‘the tragedy of the commons’""Effective climate change mitigation will not be achieved if each agent (individual, institution or country) acts independently in its own selfish interest, (See International Cooperation and Emissions Trading) suggesting the need for collective action. Some adaptation actions, on the other hand, have characteristics of a private good as benefits of actions may accrue more directly to the individuals, regions, or countries that undertake them, at least in the short term. Nevertheless, financing such adaptive activities remains an issue, particularly for poor individuals and countries.""Examples of mitigation include switching to low-carbon energy sources, such as renewable and nuclear energy, and expanding forests and other ""sinks"" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Energy efficiency may also play a role, for example, through improving the insulation of buildings. Another approach to climate change mitigation is climate engineering.Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of GHGs at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference of the climate system. Scientific analysis can provide information on the impacts of climate change, but deciding which impacts are dangerous requires value judgments.In 2010, Parties to the UNFCCC agreed that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. This may be revised with a target of limiting global warming to below 1.5 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. The current trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions does not appear to be consistent with limiting global warming to below 1.5 or 2 °C, relative to pre-industrial levels. Other mitigation policies have been proposed, some of which are more stringent or modest than the 2 °C limit.