A Proposal for the Design of the Successor to the Kyoto Protocol
... of an escape clause and the potential use of trade restrictions. The agreement must be seen as fair to developing nations. These countries will be subject to disciplines that prevent them from undermining the agreement in the short run, and they will be required to accept the principle that they wil ...
... of an escape clause and the potential use of trade restrictions. The agreement must be seen as fair to developing nations. These countries will be subject to disciplines that prevent them from undermining the agreement in the short run, and they will be required to accept the principle that they wil ...
Ontario`s Climate Change Strategy
... gas reduction initiative in North America to date. We are improving the province’s transit network. We have announced a cap and trade program to limit greenhouse gas pollution and fight climate change. These actions, and others, have already taken us a long way down the road. But there is still much ...
... gas reduction initiative in North America to date. We are improving the province’s transit network. We have announced a cap and trade program to limit greenhouse gas pollution and fight climate change. These actions, and others, have already taken us a long way down the road. But there is still much ...
Energy Theme Breakdown - Learning for a Sustainable Future
... social challenges that have a history of not being addressed successfully.56 ...
... social challenges that have a history of not being addressed successfully.56 ...
Project Document for WP (Part 1)
... evolution, the UCC also recalculated the 1990 inventory with the revised methodology. The 1994 Inventory, including its comparison with the 1990 inventory, was published in November 1998. Again, emission factors were largely taken by default leading to larger uncertainty in the Agriculture, Land Use ...
... evolution, the UCC also recalculated the 1990 inventory with the revised methodology. The 1994 Inventory, including its comparison with the 1990 inventory, was published in November 1998. Again, emission factors were largely taken by default leading to larger uncertainty in the Agriculture, Land Use ...
After Paris: Fiscal, Macroeconomic, and Financial Implications of Climate Change
... fossil fuel CO2 emissions (half of which enter the atmosphere where they remain, on average, for about 100 years), the annual flow of which increased from 2 billion (metric) tons in 1900 to 32 billion in 2013. Without mitigation, emissions are projected to approximately triple from current levels by ...
... fossil fuel CO2 emissions (half of which enter the atmosphere where they remain, on average, for about 100 years), the annual flow of which increased from 2 billion (metric) tons in 1900 to 32 billion in 2013. Without mitigation, emissions are projected to approximately triple from current levels by ...
Global Change and Air Quality, In: Technical challenges of multipollutant air quality management,
... standards, though they could affect visibility standards under the Regional Haze Rule (Park et al. 2006). In addition to ozone and PM, recent air quality policy has focused on a large number of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) that can be harmful to human health. The U.S. EPA lists 187 HAPs with atmo ...
... standards, though they could affect visibility standards under the Regional Haze Rule (Park et al. 2006). In addition to ozone and PM, recent air quality policy has focused on a large number of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) that can be harmful to human health. The U.S. EPA lists 187 HAPs with atmo ...
A Proposal for the Design of the Successor to the Kyoto Protocol
... of an escape clause and the potential use of trade restrictions. The agreement must be seen as fair to developing nations. These countries will be subject to disciplines that prevent them from undermining the agreement in the short run, and they will be required to accept the principle that they wil ...
... of an escape clause and the potential use of trade restrictions. The agreement must be seen as fair to developing nations. These countries will be subject to disciplines that prevent them from undermining the agreement in the short run, and they will be required to accept the principle that they wil ...
The Global Warming Time Bomb?
... higher level in the atmosphere where it is colder. The energy radiated to space is thus reduced, causing a temporary planetary energy imbalance, with the Earth absorbing more energy from the sun than it radiates to space. Thus the Earth gradually warms, but it requires about a century to return most ...
... higher level in the atmosphere where it is colder. The energy radiated to space is thus reduced, causing a temporary planetary energy imbalance, with the Earth absorbing more energy from the sun than it radiates to space. Thus the Earth gradually warms, but it requires about a century to return most ...
Url (EN)
... challenge will require pioneering efforts in science, pollution control, land management, and law. Scientists believe that increased atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, contribute to climate change. Human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation add gre ...
... challenge will require pioneering efforts in science, pollution control, land management, and law. Scientists believe that increased atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, contribute to climate change. Human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation add gre ...
Climate Change Performance Index 2017
... proved. The integration of emissions data from deforestation and forest degradation was one of the major steps in this process, made possible due to the data provided by the FAO Global Forest Resource Assessment 2015. Deforestation and forest degradation are another important source of anthropogeni ...
... proved. The integration of emissions data from deforestation and forest degradation was one of the major steps in this process, made possible due to the data provided by the FAO Global Forest Resource Assessment 2015. Deforestation and forest degradation are another important source of anthropogeni ...
CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY CHAPTER I
... activities not covered in Scope 2, outsourced activities, waste disposal and other GHG emissions are mentioned but excluded from the analysis.7,8 Both of the above assumptions, though reasonable, should be examined when comparing the Fairfax County emissions of 11.4 metric tons CO2 equivalent (MTCO2 ...
... activities not covered in Scope 2, outsourced activities, waste disposal and other GHG emissions are mentioned but excluded from the analysis.7,8 Both of the above assumptions, though reasonable, should be examined when comparing the Fairfax County emissions of 11.4 metric tons CO2 equivalent (MTCO2 ...
October 22 2012 Session B Sustainability
... how an emissions-based regulatory approach would address GHGs issue ...
... how an emissions-based regulatory approach would address GHGs issue ...
Energy Policy - Pure
... 1.1 The importance of the climate finance gap Tackling climate change undoubtedly represents an enormous challenge, but at the global scale the economic case for tackling it is compelling. Stern famously estimated that the costs of avoiding climate change could be between 1 and 2% of global GDP, but ...
... 1.1 The importance of the climate finance gap Tackling climate change undoubtedly represents an enormous challenge, but at the global scale the economic case for tackling it is compelling. Stern famously estimated that the costs of avoiding climate change could be between 1 and 2% of global GDP, but ...
Romania - CEE Bankwatch Network
... The status quo scenario is the one in which the current targets are maintained (the 20-20-20 targets) and the trading emissions system is maintained. The green scenario doubles at least one target, the EU level GHG emissions target to 40% less than the 1990 level and includes climate mitigation act ...
... The status quo scenario is the one in which the current targets are maintained (the 20-20-20 targets) and the trading emissions system is maintained. The green scenario doubles at least one target, the EU level GHG emissions target to 40% less than the 1990 level and includes climate mitigation act ...
Short-Lived Promise? - Oxford Martin School
... principal greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO2), continue to rise.2 The challenges of securing international agreement, the perceived cost of CO2 emission reductions, and the recognition that even relatively ambitious CO2 measures may take decades to have a substantial impact on rising global tempera ...
... principal greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO2), continue to rise.2 The challenges of securing international agreement, the perceived cost of CO2 emission reductions, and the recognition that even relatively ambitious CO2 measures may take decades to have a substantial impact on rising global tempera ...
Document
... of the last century is ‘very likely’ due to the observed increase of the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that have their origin in human activities.18 In the last three decades, anthropogenic warming has ‘likely’ had a discernible influence on observed global changes in physical ...
... of the last century is ‘very likely’ due to the observed increase of the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that have their origin in human activities.18 In the last three decades, anthropogenic warming has ‘likely’ had a discernible influence on observed global changes in physical ...
climate change analysis - University of York File Library
... need to undertake climate studies in order to come up with mitigation options. In view of Tanzania’s vulnerability to climate variations, the policy provides that an assessment of impacts of climate change and climate variations will be undertaken. In particular, studies to be undertaken in the furt ...
... need to undertake climate studies in order to come up with mitigation options. In view of Tanzania’s vulnerability to climate variations, the policy provides that an assessment of impacts of climate change and climate variations will be undertaken. In particular, studies to be undertaken in the furt ...
For fuels used directly
... oil-producing regions; 4% of US oil so produced—mostly using CO2 from natural reservoirs piped up to 800 km, but Weyburn (Canada) uses 1.5 million tonnes/y of CO2 piped 300 km from North Dakota coal gasification plant ENHANCED COAL BED METHANE RECOVERY: 1 commercial project in San Juan Basin (US) AC ...
... oil-producing regions; 4% of US oil so produced—mostly using CO2 from natural reservoirs piped up to 800 km, but Weyburn (Canada) uses 1.5 million tonnes/y of CO2 piped 300 km from North Dakota coal gasification plant ENHANCED COAL BED METHANE RECOVERY: 1 commercial project in San Juan Basin (US) AC ...
PDF
... Consider first the situation where the state program is more stringent than the national program in that it requires reductions from sources within the state that are greater than would be achieved under the national program alone. In this case, emissions sources must surrender both state and feder ...
... Consider first the situation where the state program is more stringent than the national program in that it requires reductions from sources within the state that are greater than would be achieved under the national program alone. In this case, emissions sources must surrender both state and feder ...
Ecological Development and Global Climate Change: A Cross
... University, B-258 Clark Building, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1784, USA. E-mail: sammy. [email protected] ...
... University, B-258 Clark Building, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1784, USA. E-mail: sammy. [email protected] ...
PDF
... subsequently turns to the environmental Kuznets curve and the inappropriate use of the relationship. For example, it is stressed that reducing the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions in relation to GDP does not necessarily reduce total greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, even if they are reduce ...
... subsequently turns to the environmental Kuznets curve and the inappropriate use of the relationship. For example, it is stressed that reducing the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions in relation to GDP does not necessarily reduce total greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, even if they are reduce ...
Properly designed emissions trading schemes do work!: Working
... by the University of Leeds and the London School of Economics and Political Science in 2008 to advance public and private action on climate change through innovative, rigorous research. The Centre is funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council and has five inter-linked research programmes: ...
... by the University of Leeds and the London School of Economics and Political Science in 2008 to advance public and private action on climate change through innovative, rigorous research. The Centre is funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council and has five inter-linked research programmes: ...
Climate change mitigation
Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change. Climate change mitigation generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Mitigation may also be achieved by increasing the capacity of carbon sinks, e.g., through reforestation. Mitigation policies can substantially reduce the risks associated with human-induced global warming.""Mitigation is a public good; climate change is a case of ‘the tragedy of the commons’""Effective climate change mitigation will not be achieved if each agent (individual, institution or country) acts independently in its own selfish interest, (See International Cooperation and Emissions Trading) suggesting the need for collective action. Some adaptation actions, on the other hand, have characteristics of a private good as benefits of actions may accrue more directly to the individuals, regions, or countries that undertake them, at least in the short term. Nevertheless, financing such adaptive activities remains an issue, particularly for poor individuals and countries.""Examples of mitigation include switching to low-carbon energy sources, such as renewable and nuclear energy, and expanding forests and other ""sinks"" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Energy efficiency may also play a role, for example, through improving the insulation of buildings. Another approach to climate change mitigation is climate engineering.Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of GHGs at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference of the climate system. Scientific analysis can provide information on the impacts of climate change, but deciding which impacts are dangerous requires value judgments.In 2010, Parties to the UNFCCC agreed that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. This may be revised with a target of limiting global warming to below 1.5 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. The current trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions does not appear to be consistent with limiting global warming to below 1.5 or 2 °C, relative to pre-industrial levels. Other mitigation policies have been proposed, some of which are more stringent or modest than the 2 °C limit.