FREE Sample Here
... 24. Where do the citric acid cycle reactions occur? a. cytoplasm. b. cytosol. c. inner-mitochondrial membrane. d. outer-mitochondrial membrane. e. mitochondrial matrix. ANS: E ...
... 24. Where do the citric acid cycle reactions occur? a. cytoplasm. b. cytosol. c. inner-mitochondrial membrane. d. outer-mitochondrial membrane. e. mitochondrial matrix. ANS: E ...
Enzyme Inhibition and Bioapplications
... Investigators describe a structural mechanistic action of ROS in the tyrosine phosphatase enzymatic activity to demonstrate how it interacts with their target molecules; the reversible regulation of this enzyme by oxidants and antioxidants; and the major consequences of this tightly controlled mecha ...
... Investigators describe a structural mechanistic action of ROS in the tyrosine phosphatase enzymatic activity to demonstrate how it interacts with their target molecules; the reversible regulation of this enzyme by oxidants and antioxidants; and the major consequences of this tightly controlled mecha ...
Lessons from the Genome Sequence of Neurospora crassa: Tracing
... Generation of sulfide and cysteine .....................................................................................................................49 Homocysteine and methionine metabolism.......................................................................................................49 A ...
... Generation of sulfide and cysteine .....................................................................................................................49 Homocysteine and methionine metabolism.......................................................................................................49 A ...
Exploring the directionality of Escherichia coli formate
... ATP via acetate kinase, the formate produced is initially secreted out of the cell and PFL interacts directly with a formate-specific channel, FocA, in order to achieve this as efficiently as possible (Doberenz et al. 2014). However, under fermentative conditions, the secreted formate cannot be fur ...
... ATP via acetate kinase, the formate produced is initially secreted out of the cell and PFL interacts directly with a formate-specific channel, FocA, in order to achieve this as efficiently as possible (Doberenz et al. 2014). However, under fermentative conditions, the secreted formate cannot be fur ...
Liver glucose metabolism in humans
... glycosylation. A second pathway of glucose 6-phosphate metabolism is the formation of fructose 6phosphate, which may either start the hexosamine pathway to produce UDP-N-acetylglucosamine or follow the glycolytic pathway to generate pyruvate and then acetyl-coA. Acetyl-coA may enter the tricarboxyli ...
... glycosylation. A second pathway of glucose 6-phosphate metabolism is the formation of fructose 6phosphate, which may either start the hexosamine pathway to produce UDP-N-acetylglucosamine or follow the glycolytic pathway to generate pyruvate and then acetyl-coA. Acetyl-coA may enter the tricarboxyli ...
Global transcriptional control by glucose and
... overcome the drastic changes in environment that they encounter during infection. Consequently, the regulation of the virulence genes is an important step of the pathogenicity process. In C. difficile, toxin production increases as cells enter into stationary phase and is modulated in response to dif ...
... overcome the drastic changes in environment that they encounter during infection. Consequently, the regulation of the virulence genes is an important step of the pathogenicity process. In C. difficile, toxin production increases as cells enter into stationary phase and is modulated in response to dif ...
Lecture 33 - University of Arizona
... Glucagon signaling cAMP triggers two types of phosphorylation circuits in muscle cells; one that stimulates glycogen degradation and a second that inhibits glycogen synthesis. ...
... Glucagon signaling cAMP triggers two types of phosphorylation circuits in muscle cells; one that stimulates glycogen degradation and a second that inhibits glycogen synthesis. ...
Glycerol transport and phosphoenolpyruvate
... PTS substrate is present in the growth medium leading to dephosphorylation of the PTS proteins (Deutscher et al., 1993). Recently, His-232 of glycerol kinase from Ent. casseliflavus has been identified as the site of PEPdependent phosphorylation (Charrier et al., 1997). In glycerol kinase of Bacillu ...
... PTS substrate is present in the growth medium leading to dephosphorylation of the PTS proteins (Deutscher et al., 1993). Recently, His-232 of glycerol kinase from Ent. casseliflavus has been identified as the site of PEPdependent phosphorylation (Charrier et al., 1997). In glycerol kinase of Bacillu ...
Cardiac Ionic Currents and Acute Ischemia
... during glycolysis and in the citric acid cycle, transfer their electrons to O2 through the electron transport chain. This provides the energy to build up the chemiosmotic gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP. Oxidative phosphorylation is coupled to the demands of the cell. A feedback is generat ...
... during glycolysis and in the citric acid cycle, transfer their electrons to O2 through the electron transport chain. This provides the energy to build up the chemiosmotic gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP. Oxidative phosphorylation is coupled to the demands of the cell. A feedback is generat ...
Investigating the Role of ADP-forming Acetyl-CoA
... Acetate assimilation as an alternative carbon source may occur under certain conditions such as when glucose is diminished (1). Acetate is typically activated to form acetyl-CoA, a central metabolic intermediate positioned at the junction of several pathways. The high-energy thioester bond between t ...
... Acetate assimilation as an alternative carbon source may occur under certain conditions such as when glucose is diminished (1). Acetate is typically activated to form acetyl-CoA, a central metabolic intermediate positioned at the junction of several pathways. The high-energy thioester bond between t ...
METABOLIC CUES AND REGULATORY PROTEINS
... phases: a non-infectious, replicative form required for intracellular growth and an infectious, transmissive form that enhances survival in the extracellular milieu. In this thesis, I identify metabolites that cue L. pneumophila differentiation and analyze several proteins that enable the bacterium ...
... phases: a non-infectious, replicative form required for intracellular growth and an infectious, transmissive form that enhances survival in the extracellular milieu. In this thesis, I identify metabolites that cue L. pneumophila differentiation and analyze several proteins that enable the bacterium ...
Hormone sensitive lipase: structure, function and
... Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) is the key enzyme in the regulation of lipid stores. It is the rate limiting enzyme in the degradation of triacylglycerol (TAG) to diacylglycerol (DAG) and free fatty acids (FFA). In addition, it has hydrolyzing activity against cholesterol esters. In this sight it is ...
... Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) is the key enzyme in the regulation of lipid stores. It is the rate limiting enzyme in the degradation of triacylglycerol (TAG) to diacylglycerol (DAG) and free fatty acids (FFA). In addition, it has hydrolyzing activity against cholesterol esters. In this sight it is ...
A new simple fluorimetric method to assay cytosolic ATP content
... seedlings (Petrussa et al. 2001; Chiandussi et al. 2002; Casolo et al. 2003; Petrussa et al. 2004), soybean cell cultures (Casolo et al. 2005), embryogenic cultures of Picea abies (L.) Karst., Abies cephalonica Loud (Petrussa et al. 2008a), Abies alba Mill. (Petrussa et al. 2009), and Arum spadix an ...
... seedlings (Petrussa et al. 2001; Chiandussi et al. 2002; Casolo et al. 2003; Petrussa et al. 2004), soybean cell cultures (Casolo et al. 2005), embryogenic cultures of Picea abies (L.) Karst., Abies cephalonica Loud (Petrussa et al. 2008a), Abies alba Mill. (Petrussa et al. 2009), and Arum spadix an ...
Müller Cells in the Healthy Retina
... bundle(s) in between them; examples for this can be seen in the left carp Müller cell and the cow and dog Müller cells in Fig. 2.2 (cf. also Figs. 2.4 and 2.5). In a similar manner, the inner processes may “bypass” large blood vessels. Eventually, the inner stem process (or its branches) form(s) mor ...
... bundle(s) in between them; examples for this can be seen in the left carp Müller cell and the cow and dog Müller cells in Fig. 2.2 (cf. also Figs. 2.4 and 2.5). In a similar manner, the inner processes may “bypass” large blood vessels. Eventually, the inner stem process (or its branches) form(s) mor ...
Calreticulin, a multi-process calcium
... synthesis, folding and post-translational modification. The ER is also involved in cellular signalling and organelle–organelle communication, including ER stress-dependent activation of transcriptional processes, Ca2+ signalling and communication to the plasma membrane Ca2+ channels and ERAD (ER-ass ...
... synthesis, folding and post-translational modification. The ER is also involved in cellular signalling and organelle–organelle communication, including ER stress-dependent activation of transcriptional processes, Ca2+ signalling and communication to the plasma membrane Ca2+ channels and ERAD (ER-ass ...
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum for the -threonine
... pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. Its demand has been growing steadily. The most remarkable use of L-threonine is as a feed additive, as recent studies have acknowledged L-threonine as the second limiting amino acid in swine feeds after L-lysine and the third limiting amino acid in poultry fe ...
... pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. Its demand has been growing steadily. The most remarkable use of L-threonine is as a feed additive, as recent studies have acknowledged L-threonine as the second limiting amino acid in swine feeds after L-lysine and the third limiting amino acid in poultry fe ...
Amino Acid Catabolism: C
... Histidine is first converted to glutamate. The last step in this pathway involves the cofactor tetrahydrofolate. Tetrahydrofolate (THF), which has a pteridine ring, is a reduced form of the B vitamin folate. Within a cell, THF has an attached chain of several glutamate residues, linked to one anothe ...
... Histidine is first converted to glutamate. The last step in this pathway involves the cofactor tetrahydrofolate. Tetrahydrofolate (THF), which has a pteridine ring, is a reduced form of the B vitamin folate. Within a cell, THF has an attached chain of several glutamate residues, linked to one anothe ...
Amino Acid Catabolism: C
... Histidine is first converted to glutamate. The last step in this pathway involves the cofactor tetrahydrofolate. Tetrahydrofolate (THF), which has a pteridine ring, is a reduced form of the B vitamin folate. Within a cell, THF has an attached chain of several glutamate residues, linked to one anothe ...
... Histidine is first converted to glutamate. The last step in this pathway involves the cofactor tetrahydrofolate. Tetrahydrofolate (THF), which has a pteridine ring, is a reduced form of the B vitamin folate. Within a cell, THF has an attached chain of several glutamate residues, linked to one anothe ...
Functional genomics analysis of the effects of co- decarboxylase/ornithine decarboxylase
... Polyamines are ubiquitous components of all living cells and their depletion usually causes growth arrest or cytostasis, a strategy employed for treatment of West-African trypanosomiasis. In the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, polyamine biosynthesis is regulated by the uniquely bifunctional ...
... Polyamines are ubiquitous components of all living cells and their depletion usually causes growth arrest or cytostasis, a strategy employed for treatment of West-African trypanosomiasis. In the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, polyamine biosynthesis is regulated by the uniquely bifunctional ...
Identification and characterization of novel interaction
... C-terminal domain of the α subunit of the RNA polymerase C-terminal domain of the α subunit of the RNA polymerase Adenosindiphosphate Ampicillin Adenosinmomophosphate Ammoniumperoxodisulfate Adenosintriphosphate Bacillus base pair bovine serum albumin casamino acids cyclic Adenosinmomophosphate Cata ...
... C-terminal domain of the α subunit of the RNA polymerase C-terminal domain of the α subunit of the RNA polymerase Adenosindiphosphate Ampicillin Adenosinmomophosphate Ammoniumperoxodisulfate Adenosintriphosphate Bacillus base pair bovine serum albumin casamino acids cyclic Adenosinmomophosphate Cata ...
Fine Tuning of Sympathetic Transmitter Release via Ionotropic and
... terminal may be released from either the very same nerve ending or from a different axon terminal. In the first situation, the receptor involved is a presynaptic autoreceptor, whereas in the second situation, the receptor is called a presynaptic heteroreceptor. Although the functions of presynaptic ...
... terminal may be released from either the very same nerve ending or from a different axon terminal. In the first situation, the receptor involved is a presynaptic autoreceptor, whereas in the second situation, the receptor is called a presynaptic heteroreceptor. Although the functions of presynaptic ...
Characterization of the regulatory function of the 46
... Arabidopsis Rubisco activase was recently shown to be regulated by redox changes in the larger (46-kDa) isoform specifically mediated by thioredoxin-f [Zhang and Portis (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 9438–9443]. Reduction greatly increases the activity of the 46-kDa isoform and the native protein ...
... Arabidopsis Rubisco activase was recently shown to be regulated by redox changes in the larger (46-kDa) isoform specifically mediated by thioredoxin-f [Zhang and Portis (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 9438–9443]. Reduction greatly increases the activity of the 46-kDa isoform and the native protein ...
Osmo- and thermo-adaptation in hyperthermophilic Archaea
... belong to genera that are placed near the root of the Tree of Life, in short phylogenetic branches within the domains Bacteria or Archaea. Although hyperthermophiles have been isolated from a variety of hot environments, most species originate from marine geothermal areas, hence they are slightly ha ...
... belong to genera that are placed near the root of the Tree of Life, in short phylogenetic branches within the domains Bacteria or Archaea. Although hyperthermophiles have been isolated from a variety of hot environments, most species originate from marine geothermal areas, hence they are slightly ha ...