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Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Physiology and Metabolism by
Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Physiology and Metabolism by

... response element. Effects are further modified by specific interactions with cofactors. FABPs may bind and deliver ligands to PPAR␦. A number of possible ligands are depicted, including free fatty acids (FFA), synthetic ligands, and the RXR ligand RA. ...
PAS kinase is required for normal cellular energy
PAS kinase is required for normal cellular energy

... a contributing factor to metabolic syndrome development (5, 6). AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are two well studied and evolutionarily conserved cellular energy and nutrient sensors. AMPK is activated in response to intracellular ATP depletion and acts t ...
Trichomonas vaginalis - Università degli Studi di Sassari
Trichomonas vaginalis - Università degli Studi di Sassari

... infective form, motile stage of protozoa. In this stage T.vaginalis tends to be uniform, i.e. pyriform or pear-like cell. Upon contact in vivo with epithelial cells from the vagina, cervix, urethra, prostate and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, the protozoan can rapidly switch from trophozoite ...
Metabolic regulation via intracellular pH - AJP
Metabolic regulation via intracellular pH - AJP

... only within a single cell type under various physiological conditions, but also between different cell types. For example, based on their calorimetric estimates of pHi in eggs and zygotes of several organisms, the Needhams (160) remarked in 1926, “The constancy of. . . [intracellular] pH values . . ...
Queuosine formation in eukaryotic tRNA occurs via a mitochondria
Queuosine formation in eukaryotic tRNA occurs via a mitochondria

... Eubacteria are unique in their ability to synthesize Q. As part of this biosynthetic process, the eubacterial TGT enzyme inserts the Q-precursor molecule, 7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine (preQ1) into tRNA, which is then converted to Q by two further enzymatic steps at the tRNA level (6). Eukaryotes by ...
Myr 8, A Novel Unconventional Myosin Expressed during Brain
Myr 8, A Novel Unconventional Myosin Expressed during Brain

... cells comprises a prominent feature of mammalian brain development. In the developing neocortex, considerable numbers of neurons exit the cell cycle within the ventricular zone and subsequently initiate an active cell movement along a scaffolding of radial glial cell processes to settle in the corti ...
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SYNAPTONEMAL
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SYNAPTONEMAL

... In almost all eukaryotes analyzed thus far, the chromatin rearrangements of meiotic prophase are accompanied by the assembly and disassembly of nuclear structures that are specific for meiotic prophase nuclei: the synaptonemal complexes or SCs (Moses, 1968). These are flat, zipper-like structures (F ...
Regulation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH
Regulation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH

... formed using rodent skeletal muscle extracts in vitro or isolated skeletal muscle in resting and contracting conditions. Although the regulation appears to be similar in human skeletal muscle at rest, differences have been reported during exercise. Ward et al. (14) were the first to measure total PD ...
Flux analysis in central carbon metabolism in plants
Flux analysis in central carbon metabolism in plants

... powerful method of flux quantification, that is gaining popularity in metabolic engineering. Flux quantification in plants has received very limited attention compared to that in microorganisms and mammalian cells. This is principally because plant biochemistry is more complex, and exhibits extensiv ...
Structure of the Actin-Myosin Complex and Its Implications for
Structure of the Actin-Myosin Complex and Its Implications for

... of the energy released by ATP hydrolysis into directed mechanical force occurs during product release-adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate, P,-rather than during the hydrolysis step itself (3, 4). The contractile cycle deduced from kinetic studies has shown that Mg2`ATP rapidly dissoc ...
Investigating genotype-phenotype relationships in
Investigating genotype-phenotype relationships in

... modulate the expression of several genes or even entire pathways, rendering regulatory genes attractive targets for metabolic engineering. Integration of regulatory information with genomescale models is still in its infancy, partially due to incomplete knowledge and characterization of regulation ...
Specific features of glycogen metabolism in the liver
Specific features of glycogen metabolism in the liver

... amino acids. The phosphorolysis of glycogen is mainly mediated by glucagon and by the orthosympathetic neurotransmitters noradrenaline and ATP. Many glycogenolytic stimuli, e.g. adenosine, nucleotides and NO, also act indirectly, via secretion of eicosanoids from non-parenchymal cells. Effectors oft ...
Supplementary materials - Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
Supplementary materials - Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory

... considered the genes whose log2 ratio of IP/input >1 to be Isw2 targets. We also used a map of putative TF binding sites (motifs) for 65 motifs from the Fraenkel lab website (5). We took the union of binding sites conserved in at least 2 other yeast species and binding sites that match the Harbison ...
Ma et al 2009 - HKUST Institutional Repository
Ma et al 2009 - HKUST Institutional Repository

... epiboly (i.e., ~2.25 – 5.25 hpf), has been described as a stage of “regional specification”, during which several key developmental events take place (Kane and Warga, 2004). Several imaging techniques have been used to visualize the Ca2+ dynamics that occur during this period of zebrafish developmen ...
Engineering of Aromatic Amino Acid Metabolism in
Engineering of Aromatic Amino Acid Metabolism in

... Therefore much emphasis is given on the selection of suitable production organisms and their improvement. Selection of strains with a high yield on the carbon source is never an ending story (45). The classification of production strains falls into three categories: (1) wild type strains having the ...
Glutamine and the bowel
Glutamine and the bowel

... If glutamine does play a physiologic role in the bowel, it is not compellingly related to its intermediary metabolism. ...
article in press
article in press

... medium altered “normal” intracellular GSH in both oocytes and cumulus cells with negative consequences for subsequent developmental capacity. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Oocyte; Bovine embryo; Glutathione (GSH); In vitro maturation; Embryo metabolism ...
Supramolecular Chemistry—Scope and Perspectives Molecules
Supramolecular Chemistry—Scope and Perspectives Molecules

... Mere binding is not recognition, although it is often taken as such. One may say that recognition is binding with a purpose, like receptors are ligands with a purpose. It implies a structurally well-defined pattern of intermolecular interactions. Binding of o to p forms a supermolecule characterized ...
Systematic metabolic analysis of recombinant Pichia pastoris UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA
Systematic metabolic analysis of recombinant Pichia pastoris UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA

... Systems biology gives the opportunity to obtain quantitatively analysis of different physiological levels which allow the in silico representations of the studied pathways. Overall, this field is addressed to the crucial understanding of complex biological networks behaviour. This research project w ...
Application of Synthetic Biology for Biopolymer
Application of Synthetic Biology for Biopolymer

... Poly-3-D-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a type of biodegradable bioplastic that is naturally synthesized and used by specific microorganisms as an energy source and for carbon storage under stressful environmental conditions. However, these microorganisms are not well suited for growth in biomass hydrolys ...
PFK - ePrints USM
PFK - ePrints USM

... phosphofructokinase (PFK) (ATP-PFK; EC 2.7.1.11) enzyme at 5 oC in the complex medium. The cells of the isolate were ovoid in shape and showed asexual reproduction by budding. L.antarcticum produces intracellular PFK activity in the late exponential growth phase (about 32x108 CFU/mL) after 15 days o ...
Anaerobic Respiration Using a Complete Oxidative TCA Cycle
Anaerobic Respiration Using a Complete Oxidative TCA Cycle

... sodium azide, which poisons aerobic respiration; the fumC TCA cycle mutant, however, was unable to swarm on azide. To identify other contributing energy pathways, we screened transposon mutants for loss of swarming on sodium azide and found insertions in the following genes that involved fumarate me ...
Life in the slow lane: molecular mechanisms of estivation
Life in the slow lane: molecular mechanisms of estivation

... The biochemical mechanism(s) used for metabolic suppression in estivation need to be powerful yet easily reversible to allow a quick return to normal metabolism during arousal. Indeed, estivators return to active life with great speed. Spadefoot toads are instantly alert even when they are dug out o ...
Development of prokaryotic cell-free systems for synthetic
Development of prokaryotic cell-free systems for synthetic

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide homeostasis and
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide homeostasis and

... enzyme in the cell that recognizes DNA lesions induced by an excess of ROS. When activated, PARP1 catalyzes the formation of long polymers of ADPR (Parylation) on itself and partner proteins to recruit the machinery of DNA repair enzymes. Mild activation of PARP1 is protective but overactivation can ...
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Biochemical cascade

A biochemical cascade (or a signaling pathway) is a series of chemical reactions which are initiated by a stimulus (first messenger) acting on a receptor that is transduced to the cell interior through second messengers (which amplify the initial signal) and ultimately to effector molecules, resulting in a cell response to the initial stimulus. At each step of the signaling cascade, various controlling factors are involved to regulate cellular actions, responding effectively to cues about their changing internal and external environments.
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