CHAPTER 15 - GLYCOGEN METABOLISM AND
... these stimulatory phosphate groups. Note also that once activated, PP1 removes the phosphate group from glycogen synthase, thereby activating it in a reciprocal fashion. In the absence of hormonal binding, protein kinase (cAPK), phorphorylase kinase and phosphoprotein phosphatase are dephosphorylate ...
... these stimulatory phosphate groups. Note also that once activated, PP1 removes the phosphate group from glycogen synthase, thereby activating it in a reciprocal fashion. In the absence of hormonal binding, protein kinase (cAPK), phorphorylase kinase and phosphoprotein phosphatase are dephosphorylate ...
Mutations lowering the phosphatase activity of HPr kinase
... synthesis and regulation of central metabolic pathways such as glycolysis or the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (StuÈlke and Hillen, 2000; Deutscher et al., 2001). To carry out these functions, P-Ser-HPr interacts with the catabolite control protein A (CcpA) (Deutscher et al., 1995; Jones et al., 19 ...
... synthesis and regulation of central metabolic pathways such as glycolysis or the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (StuÈlke and Hillen, 2000; Deutscher et al., 2001). To carry out these functions, P-Ser-HPr interacts with the catabolite control protein A (CcpA) (Deutscher et al., 1995; Jones et al., 19 ...
Developmental Regulation of Genes Encoding Universal Stress
... single domain in small USP proteins (∼14–15 kDa), as a tandem domain in larger USP proteins (∼30 kDa), or as one or two USP domains together with other functional domains.4,5 Examples of functional domains commonly fused to USP domains include antiporter, voltage channels, amino acid permeases, and ...
... single domain in small USP proteins (∼14–15 kDa), as a tandem domain in larger USP proteins (∼30 kDa), or as one or two USP domains together with other functional domains.4,5 Examples of functional domains commonly fused to USP domains include antiporter, voltage channels, amino acid permeases, and ...
The metabolic basis of Candida albicans
... Fig. 1. Signal transduction pathways and transcriptional regulators that affect the filamentous growth of C. albicans and the effect of farnesol on some of these pathways. In response to filamentous-inducing conditions, GTPases (Gpa2p, Ras1p, and Cdc42p) activate two well-characterized signaling pathw ...
... Fig. 1. Signal transduction pathways and transcriptional regulators that affect the filamentous growth of C. albicans and the effect of farnesol on some of these pathways. In response to filamentous-inducing conditions, GTPases (Gpa2p, Ras1p, and Cdc42p) activate two well-characterized signaling pathw ...
PCNA Protein Expression during Spermatogenesis of the
... used antibodies that recognized different epitopes of eel PCNA (amino acids 100-120, 180-197, and 242-260) and rat recombinant PCNA (amino acids 112-121 and 181-195). All of the antibodies used in this study recognized the same two bands (36- and 32-kDa) in the testis 15 days after hCG injection (da ...
... used antibodies that recognized different epitopes of eel PCNA (amino acids 100-120, 180-197, and 242-260) and rat recombinant PCNA (amino acids 112-121 and 181-195). All of the antibodies used in this study recognized the same two bands (36- and 32-kDa) in the testis 15 days after hCG injection (da ...
Oral free and dipeptide forms of glutamine supplementation
... regulation of the NF-kB pathway itself, the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) [6,7]. On the other hand, MyD88 and IRAK1 play an important role in the NF-kB activation cycle, contributing to the loss of homeostasis. Due ...
... regulation of the NF-kB pathway itself, the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) [6,7]. On the other hand, MyD88 and IRAK1 play an important role in the NF-kB activation cycle, contributing to the loss of homeostasis. Due ...
Loss of p38 MAPK induces pleiotropic mitotic defects and massive
... determined by classification of cells into living and dead cell categories using the criteria defined by Häcker (Häcker, 2000) by scoring a total of 500 cells per sample and time point indicated. Significantly more of the p38-depleted cells (69.0±13.0%) died by 72 hours after transfection compared ...
... determined by classification of cells into living and dead cell categories using the criteria defined by Häcker (Häcker, 2000) by scoring a total of 500 cells per sample and time point indicated. Significantly more of the p38-depleted cells (69.0±13.0%) died by 72 hours after transfection compared ...
Biochemistry 499
... Abnormal phosphorylation has been known as a cause or consequence of many human diseases, such as cancer. This stresses the importance of regulation of the enzymes involved in reversible phosphorylation, especially the protein phosphatases. There are relatively few Ser/Thr phosphatases in the cell a ...
... Abnormal phosphorylation has been known as a cause or consequence of many human diseases, such as cancer. This stresses the importance of regulation of the enzymes involved in reversible phosphorylation, especially the protein phosphatases. There are relatively few Ser/Thr phosphatases in the cell a ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION Energy-Releasing Pathways Anaerobic Definition Energy exchange occurring in the cell cytoplasm that does not use oxygen as the final electron acceptor. Aerobic Definition Energy exchange occurring in the mitochondria using oxygen as the final electron acceptor. ...
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION Energy-Releasing Pathways Anaerobic Definition Energy exchange occurring in the cell cytoplasm that does not use oxygen as the final electron acceptor. Aerobic Definition Energy exchange occurring in the mitochondria using oxygen as the final electron acceptor. ...
ATP regulation in bioproduction
... The enhanced yields of ATP generated by the overexpression of enzymes that catalyze ATP biosynthesis are critical for increasing the ATP supply and the yields of target compounds (Fig. 2). Deletion of the gene encoding non-ATP-generating acetic acid synthetic aldehyde dehydrogenase of Caldicellulosi ...
... The enhanced yields of ATP generated by the overexpression of enzymes that catalyze ATP biosynthesis are critical for increasing the ATP supply and the yields of target compounds (Fig. 2). Deletion of the gene encoding non-ATP-generating acetic acid synthetic aldehyde dehydrogenase of Caldicellulosi ...
Glycogen Metabolism
... • Glycogenin is an enzyme that catalyzes attachment of a glucose molecule to one of its own tyrosine residues. • Glycogenin is a dimer, and evidence indicates that the 2 copies of the enzyme glucosylate one another. ...
... • Glycogenin is an enzyme that catalyzes attachment of a glucose molecule to one of its own tyrosine residues. • Glycogenin is a dimer, and evidence indicates that the 2 copies of the enzyme glucosylate one another. ...
Biology - Kenyon College
... of Pfl, including YfiD (29, 50), which is induced aerobically at low pH (9). The effects of exogenous formate on protein expression, and the relationship between formate and acetate stress, remain unclear. Some pyruvate is also converted directly to acetate and CO2 by an oxidative enzyme, PoxB (16). ...
... of Pfl, including YfiD (29, 50), which is induced aerobically at low pH (9). The effects of exogenous formate on protein expression, and the relationship between formate and acetate stress, remain unclear. Some pyruvate is also converted directly to acetate and CO2 by an oxidative enzyme, PoxB (16). ...
Carbon and electron flow in Clostridium butyricum
... Petitdemange e t d. , 1976) that the reduced electron carrier ferredoxin (fd) plays a pivotal role in electron distribution in the cell in that it can either transfer electrons via hydrogenase to generate hydrogen o r transfer electrons to the pyridine nucleotides via the appropriate fd oxidoreducta ...
... Petitdemange e t d. , 1976) that the reduced electron carrier ferredoxin (fd) plays a pivotal role in electron distribution in the cell in that it can either transfer electrons via hydrogenase to generate hydrogen o r transfer electrons to the pyridine nucleotides via the appropriate fd oxidoreducta ...
Dynamic modification of the ETS transcription factor PEA3 by
... little is known about how acetylation and sumoylation might cooperate to either repress or activate transcription. SUMO is a small polypeptide which is structurally related to ubiquitin, and is conjugated to substrates through a pathway composed of proteins, which show structural and functional homo ...
... little is known about how acetylation and sumoylation might cooperate to either repress or activate transcription. SUMO is a small polypeptide which is structurally related to ubiquitin, and is conjugated to substrates through a pathway composed of proteins, which show structural and functional homo ...
Arpp19 and Cdc6, two major regulators of the meiotic division
... always made herself available to help and support me even when nothing seemed to be working. She was the best supervisor I could hope for (and surely a better “supervisor” than a “ping pong player ...
... always made herself available to help and support me even when nothing seemed to be working. She was the best supervisor I could hope for (and surely a better “supervisor” than a “ping pong player ...
Carbon Flow of Heliobacteria Is Related More to Clostridia than to
... ACL have been annotated in the genome (5), and no enzymatic activities of CS or ACL have been detected for H. modesticaldum (4). Moreover, when the anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacterium D. vulgaris Hildenborough (DvH) was grown with a 1:1 molar ratio of [2-13C]acetate and nonlabeled lactate, signific ...
... ACL have been annotated in the genome (5), and no enzymatic activities of CS or ACL have been detected for H. modesticaldum (4). Moreover, when the anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacterium D. vulgaris Hildenborough (DvH) was grown with a 1:1 molar ratio of [2-13C]acetate and nonlabeled lactate, signific ...
Proteomic analyses of Oryza sativa mature pollen reveal novel
... to be involved in hydration, cohesion and cell recognition of pollen-stigma [2–4]. The importance of tip-focused intracellular Ca21 and tip plasma membrane-localized Rop1 GTPase in polar establishment of pollen tubes and tube growth is well understood [5, 6], but little biochemical and molecular gen ...
... to be involved in hydration, cohesion and cell recognition of pollen-stigma [2–4]. The importance of tip-focused intracellular Ca21 and tip plasma membrane-localized Rop1 GTPase in polar establishment of pollen tubes and tube growth is well understood [5, 6], but little biochemical and molecular gen ...
Carbohydrate Storage and Synthesis in Liver and Muscle: Glycogen
... Carbohydrate Metabolism Signal Transduction Regulation Mechanism 1. Glucagon binds hepatic membrane receptor: activates cascade reactions. 2. G‐protein‐GDP in resting state: releases GDP, ‐ subunit binds GTP. 3. G‐protein‐GTP: conformation change, releases ‐ ...
... Carbohydrate Metabolism Signal Transduction Regulation Mechanism 1. Glucagon binds hepatic membrane receptor: activates cascade reactions. 2. G‐protein‐GDP in resting state: releases GDP, ‐ subunit binds GTP. 3. G‐protein‐GTP: conformation change, releases ‐ ...
Cloning of adiponectin receptors that mediate antidiabetic metabolic
... cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP and intracellular calcium levels (Supplementary Fig. 2c, d). In contrast, expression of AdipoR1 enhanced increases in PPAR-a ligand activity by both globular and full-length adiponectin (Supplementary Fig. 2e). Expression of AdipoR1 or AdipoR2 in C2C12 myocytes (Supplementary ...
... cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP and intracellular calcium levels (Supplementary Fig. 2c, d). In contrast, expression of AdipoR1 enhanced increases in PPAR-a ligand activity by both globular and full-length adiponectin (Supplementary Fig. 2e). Expression of AdipoR1 or AdipoR2 in C2C12 myocytes (Supplementary ...