Slayer of Lactobacillus helveticus ATCC 12046
... revealed a three-layered structure of the cell wall. The outermost component was identilied as a layer of a nonglycosylated 52 kDa protein. Freeze-etched preparations of intact cells have now demonstrated that this protein layer is an oblique surface layer (Slayer)lattice (a = 4.5 nm,6 = 9.6 nm,y = ...
... revealed a three-layered structure of the cell wall. The outermost component was identilied as a layer of a nonglycosylated 52 kDa protein. Freeze-etched preparations of intact cells have now demonstrated that this protein layer is an oblique surface layer (Slayer)lattice (a = 4.5 nm,6 = 9.6 nm,y = ...
PDF
... transcription factors FoxJ1a and Rfx2. By contrast, a second 3-OST family member, 3-OST-6, does not regulate cilia length, but regulates cilia motility via kinesin motor molecule (Kif3b) expression and cilia arm dynein assembly. Thus, two 3-OST family members cellautonomously control LR patterning t ...
... transcription factors FoxJ1a and Rfx2. By contrast, a second 3-OST family member, 3-OST-6, does not regulate cilia length, but regulates cilia motility via kinesin motor molecule (Kif3b) expression and cilia arm dynein assembly. Thus, two 3-OST family members cellautonomously control LR patterning t ...
Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Test Practice Book
... Each new edition of a Subject Test is developed by a committee of examiners composed of professors in the subject who are on undergraduate and graduate faculties in different types of institutions and in different regions of the United States and Canada. In selecting members for each committee, the ...
... Each new edition of a Subject Test is developed by a committee of examiners composed of professors in the subject who are on undergraduate and graduate faculties in different types of institutions and in different regions of the United States and Canada. In selecting members for each committee, the ...
Oxypred: Prediction and Classification of Oxygen-Binding
... Moreover, these proteins have also been reported to be present in many prokaryotes and protozoans (2 ). The occurrence of oxygen-binding proteins in all kingdoms of organisms, though not in all organisms, shows their biological importance. Extensive studies on oxygen-binding proteins have categorize ...
... Moreover, these proteins have also been reported to be present in many prokaryotes and protozoans (2 ). The occurrence of oxygen-binding proteins in all kingdoms of organisms, though not in all organisms, shows their biological importance. Extensive studies on oxygen-binding proteins have categorize ...
Gene Deletion Screen for Cardiomyopathy in Adult Drosophila
... Objective: Despite these findings, and the wealth of tools that are available to the fly community, forward genetic screens for adult heart phenotypes have been rarely performed because of the difficulty in accurately measuring cardiac function in adult Drosophila. Methods and Results: Using optical ...
... Objective: Despite these findings, and the wealth of tools that are available to the fly community, forward genetic screens for adult heart phenotypes have been rarely performed because of the difficulty in accurately measuring cardiac function in adult Drosophila. Methods and Results: Using optical ...
Essential Cell Biology (3rd ed.)
... two regions of a polypeptide chain together tightly. The stability of each folded shape will therefore be affected by the combined strength of large numbers of noncovalent bonds (figure 4–4). A fourth weak force, hydrophobic interaction, also plays a central role in determining the shape of a protei ...
... two regions of a polypeptide chain together tightly. The stability of each folded shape will therefore be affected by the combined strength of large numbers of noncovalent bonds (figure 4–4). A fourth weak force, hydrophobic interaction, also plays a central role in determining the shape of a protei ...
Full-Text PDF
... Ca2+ threshold for contraction, thus causing Ca2+ desensitization. The mechanism of Ca2+ desensitization has been suggested to involve the direct activation of MLCP by PKG (and/or PKA). Later studies identified the major sites phosphorylated on MYPT1 by PKA and PKG [97] and found that phosphorylatio ...
... Ca2+ threshold for contraction, thus causing Ca2+ desensitization. The mechanism of Ca2+ desensitization has been suggested to involve the direct activation of MLCP by PKG (and/or PKA). Later studies identified the major sites phosphorylated on MYPT1 by PKA and PKG [97] and found that phosphorylatio ...
Identification and Developmental Expression of a Novel Low
... is detectable within the cement gland, within many neuronal cell bodies and axon tracts within the developing nervous system, and within all cellular layers of the developing retina. The availability of these two distinct neuron-specific intermediate filament proteins, with different temporal and sp ...
... is detectable within the cement gland, within many neuronal cell bodies and axon tracts within the developing nervous system, and within all cellular layers of the developing retina. The availability of these two distinct neuron-specific intermediate filament proteins, with different temporal and sp ...
Cold Shock Proteins
... (12). In Escherichia coli, there are no physiological changes between 20ºC and 37ºC. However, at extreme temperatures below 20ºC and above 40ºC, some physiological changes are seen (28). The cold shock response of this bacteria was first reported in 1987 (12). When a culture of Escherichia coli ML30 ...
... (12). In Escherichia coli, there are no physiological changes between 20ºC and 37ºC. However, at extreme temperatures below 20ºC and above 40ºC, some physiological changes are seen (28). The cold shock response of this bacteria was first reported in 1987 (12). When a culture of Escherichia coli ML30 ...
Towards a molecular understanding of adaptive thermogenesis
... efferent pathways controlling energy dissipation. The main effector component of this response is the sympathetic nervous system, which heavily innervates thermogenic targets such as brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Indeed, animals treated with various blockers of the sympathetic nervous sy ...
... efferent pathways controlling energy dissipation. The main effector component of this response is the sympathetic nervous system, which heavily innervates thermogenic targets such as brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Indeed, animals treated with various blockers of the sympathetic nervous sy ...
Specific Activities of Enzymes of the Serine Pathway of Carbon
... methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine or trimethylamine N-oxide as sole carbon source, although the pathways by which the amines are oxidized are being studied (Large, 1971). We decided to examine extracts of bacteria grown on methylamine for enzymes of the serine pathway of carbon assimilation ...
... methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine or trimethylamine N-oxide as sole carbon source, although the pathways by which the amines are oxidized are being studied (Large, 1971). We decided to examine extracts of bacteria grown on methylamine for enzymes of the serine pathway of carbon assimilation ...
Insulin mRNA to Protein Kit© A 3DMD Paper BioInformatics and Mini
... • Insulin mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm of the cell where a ribosome recognizes the first AUG near the 5’-end of the mRNA and begins translating the protein, starting with methionine. • The ribosome synthesizes a precursor form of insulin, known as preproinsulin. • Preproinsulin is process ...
... • Insulin mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm of the cell where a ribosome recognizes the first AUG near the 5’-end of the mRNA and begins translating the protein, starting with methionine. • The ribosome synthesizes a precursor form of insulin, known as preproinsulin. • Preproinsulin is process ...
Genes affecting starch biosynthesis exert pleiotropic effects on the
... In economic terms the potential of peas has not been fully exploited or realised; nevertheless, as a model system they are an invaluable source, as their genetics is well characterised. Most of the carbon entering the pea seed during development is partitioned into either protein or starch. There ar ...
... In economic terms the potential of peas has not been fully exploited or realised; nevertheless, as a model system they are an invaluable source, as their genetics is well characterised. Most of the carbon entering the pea seed during development is partitioned into either protein or starch. There ar ...
Arctigenin Efficiently Enhanced Sedentary Mice Treadmill
... 29]. Since AMPK activation by actual exercise or pharmacological treatment could lead to up-regulation of PGC-1a gene expression [30,31], we investigated the potential effects of arctigenin on PGC1a mRNA level in both H9C2 and C2C12 cells. Compared with DMSO-treated group, arctigenin incubation coul ...
... 29]. Since AMPK activation by actual exercise or pharmacological treatment could lead to up-regulation of PGC-1a gene expression [30,31], we investigated the potential effects of arctigenin on PGC1a mRNA level in both H9C2 and C2C12 cells. Compared with DMSO-treated group, arctigenin incubation coul ...
Identification of proteins that putatively bind the
... based on turgor pressure-induced changes in their shape. Stomatal aperture and density are affected by environmental stimuli such as light quality and quantity, CO2 concentrations, and water availability. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor MUTE drives the differentiation of trans ...
... based on turgor pressure-induced changes in their shape. Stomatal aperture and density are affected by environmental stimuli such as light quality and quantity, CO2 concentrations, and water availability. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor MUTE drives the differentiation of trans ...
From: Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 408
... Bcl-2 homology domain-containing family of proteins (87), transcriptional corepressor CtBP (88), notch-signaling pathway proteins (89,90), and many others. 2. Utilizing bioinformatics tools based on ID phenomenon one might find potential protein–protein and protein–nucleic acid interaction sites (mo ...
... Bcl-2 homology domain-containing family of proteins (87), transcriptional corepressor CtBP (88), notch-signaling pathway proteins (89,90), and many others. 2. Utilizing bioinformatics tools based on ID phenomenon one might find potential protein–protein and protein–nucleic acid interaction sites (mo ...
Protein Use During Training
... Furthermore, a key reason why protein may be effective in enhancing endurance is its ability to stimulate insulin, a hormone responsible for transferring carbohydrate from the blood into the muscles, where it can be converted to energy. When carbohydrate is consumed, insulin levels increase, resulti ...
... Furthermore, a key reason why protein may be effective in enhancing endurance is its ability to stimulate insulin, a hormone responsible for transferring carbohydrate from the blood into the muscles, where it can be converted to energy. When carbohydrate is consumed, insulin levels increase, resulti ...
Energy Metabolism in Mesenchymal Stem Cells During Osteogenic
... hereafter referred to as MSCs, are somatic multipotent progenitors that can differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes [1]. As the precursors to osteoblasts, MSCs are an important component of bone homeostasis. Bone undergoes constant balanced remodeling by bone-resorbing osteoclas ...
... hereafter referred to as MSCs, are somatic multipotent progenitors that can differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes [1]. As the precursors to osteoblasts, MSCs are an important component of bone homeostasis. Bone undergoes constant balanced remodeling by bone-resorbing osteoclas ...
Pathways of ethanol production from sucrose by a
... Table 2 shows the kinetic parameters and molar yields for strain LLD-15 grown on 10 g input sucrose 1-'. The culture remained stable at dilution rates below 0.3 h-'. Above this value, lactate was detected in the broth, due to take over by the revertant strain LLD-R as discussed by San Martin et al. ...
... Table 2 shows the kinetic parameters and molar yields for strain LLD-15 grown on 10 g input sucrose 1-'. The culture remained stable at dilution rates below 0.3 h-'. Above this value, lactate was detected in the broth, due to take over by the revertant strain LLD-R as discussed by San Martin et al. ...
The families of pathogenesis-related proteins, their activities, and
... LTP4 (cw21) is induced at the mRNA level to the same extent as barley PR-1 upon fungal infection [25]. Although protein levels were not quantified under these conditions, the situation appears sufficiently similar to that of other PR-proteins to include LTPs as PR-14, with the tentative designation ...
... LTP4 (cw21) is induced at the mRNA level to the same extent as barley PR-1 upon fungal infection [25]. Although protein levels were not quantified under these conditions, the situation appears sufficiently similar to that of other PR-proteins to include LTPs as PR-14, with the tentative designation ...
Protein Use during Training
... Furthermore, a key reason why protein may be effective in enhancing endurance is its ability to stimulate insulin, a hormone responsible for transferring carbohydrate from the blood into the muscles, where it can be converted to energy. When carbohydrate is consumed, insulin levels increase, resulti ...
... Furthermore, a key reason why protein may be effective in enhancing endurance is its ability to stimulate insulin, a hormone responsible for transferring carbohydrate from the blood into the muscles, where it can be converted to energy. When carbohydrate is consumed, insulin levels increase, resulti ...
Fundamentals of Biochemistry. Life at the Molecular Level. 3rd Edition Brochure
... A. Homolactic Fermentation Converts Pyruvate to Lactate B. Alcoholic Fermentation Converts Pyruvate to Ethanol and CO2 C. Fermentation is Energetically Favorable 4. Regulation of Glycolysis A. Phosphofructokinase is The Major Flux-Controlling Enzyme of Glycolysis in Muscle B. Substrate Cycling Fine- ...
... A. Homolactic Fermentation Converts Pyruvate to Lactate B. Alcoholic Fermentation Converts Pyruvate to Ethanol and CO2 C. Fermentation is Energetically Favorable 4. Regulation of Glycolysis A. Phosphofructokinase is The Major Flux-Controlling Enzyme of Glycolysis in Muscle B. Substrate Cycling Fine- ...
Biosynthesis of Plant Secondary metabolites
... The term ‘glycoside’ is a very general one which embraces all the many and varied combinations of sugars and aglycones The metabolic process of glycoside formation essentially consists of two parts. 1.The first part of biosynthesis is the reactions by means of which various type of aglycones are for ...
... The term ‘glycoside’ is a very general one which embraces all the many and varied combinations of sugars and aglycones The metabolic process of glycoside formation essentially consists of two parts. 1.The first part of biosynthesis is the reactions by means of which various type of aglycones are for ...
Protein and vegetarian diets - Medical Journal of Australia
... average, only 10% of energy need be consumed as protein to meet the physiological need for protein, this level is insufficient to allow for estimated average requirements (EARs) for micronutrients when consuming foods commonly eaten in Australia and New Zealand.10 In other words, while consuming low ...
... average, only 10% of energy need be consumed as protein to meet the physiological need for protein, this level is insufficient to allow for estimated average requirements (EARs) for micronutrients when consuming foods commonly eaten in Australia and New Zealand.10 In other words, while consuming low ...
Midgut and muscle development in Drosophila melanogaster
... express genes in a directed fashion. This is achieved by overexpressing the gene of interest in a desired tissue or cell type and analyzing its effects at different developmental stages. This is done by generating transgenic flies expressing a yeast transcriptional activator (GAL4) under the control ...
... express genes in a directed fashion. This is achieved by overexpressing the gene of interest in a desired tissue or cell type and analyzing its effects at different developmental stages. This is done by generating transgenic flies expressing a yeast transcriptional activator (GAL4) under the control ...
Paracrine signalling
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells. Signaling molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance (local action), as opposed to endocrine factors (hormones which travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system), juxtacrine interactions, and autocrine signaling. Cells that produce paracrine factors secrete them into the immediate extracellular environment. Factors then travel to nearby cells in which the gradient of factor received determines the outcome. However, the exact distance that paracrine factors can travel is not certain.Although paracrine signaling elicits a diverse array of responses in the induced cells, most paracrine factors utilize a relatively streamlined set of receptors and pathways. In fact, different organs in the body -even between different species - are known to utilize a similar sets of paracrine factors in differential development. The highly conserved receptors and pathways can be organized into four major families based on similar structures: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily. Binding of a paracrine factor to its respective receptor initiates signal transduction cascades, eliciting different responses.