Chapter Five - DORAS
... Bacterial cell membranes form a selectively permeable barrier that function to protect the cell from the external environment. Highly specific membrane transport systems have evolved to facilitate acquisition of essential nutrients and secretion of molecules. The importance of membrane proteins is e ...
... Bacterial cell membranes form a selectively permeable barrier that function to protect the cell from the external environment. Highly specific membrane transport systems have evolved to facilitate acquisition of essential nutrients and secretion of molecules. The importance of membrane proteins is e ...
Plant development, auxin, and the subsystem
... level” (Dawid et al., 1982, pp. 19–20). This perspective highlights a substantial gap between the then current understanding of how the eukaryotic genome functions and how these functions translate into developmental events at the cellular, organ, or organismic levels of organization (i.e., the geno ...
... level” (Dawid et al., 1982, pp. 19–20). This perspective highlights a substantial gap between the then current understanding of how the eukaryotic genome functions and how these functions translate into developmental events at the cellular, organ, or organismic levels of organization (i.e., the geno ...
The Senescence?Related Mitochondrial/Oxidative Stress Pathway
... and hESCs [13], suggesting that the degree of molecular similarities between the two cell types still needs to be fully clarified. Nonetheless, their isogenic nature and their derivation methods, which do not require the use of pre-implantation embryos, put forward iPSCs as promising candidates for ...
... and hESCs [13], suggesting that the degree of molecular similarities between the two cell types still needs to be fully clarified. Nonetheless, their isogenic nature and their derivation methods, which do not require the use of pre-implantation embryos, put forward iPSCs as promising candidates for ...
Fibroblast growth factor during mesoderm induction
... The entire coding region of the putative chicken bFGF second exon contained in pGF4.2 and flanking regions at both ends are shown in Fig. IB. The homology between the chicken exon sequence and the corresponding bFGF exon sequence in other species is 85 % at the nucleotide level and 86-91 % at the am ...
... The entire coding region of the putative chicken bFGF second exon contained in pGF4.2 and flanking regions at both ends are shown in Fig. IB. The homology between the chicken exon sequence and the corresponding bFGF exon sequence in other species is 85 % at the nucleotide level and 86-91 % at the am ...
BIOINFORMATICS ORIGINAL PAPER Going from where to why—interpretable prediction of protein subcellular localization
... subcellular localization that addresses these issues. Due to its simple architecture, YLoc can identify the relevant features of a protein sequence contributing to its subcellular localization, e.g. localization signals or motifs relevant to protein sorting. We present several example applications w ...
... subcellular localization that addresses these issues. Due to its simple architecture, YLoc can identify the relevant features of a protein sequence contributing to its subcellular localization, e.g. localization signals or motifs relevant to protein sorting. We present several example applications w ...
Effect of aluminium on plant growth and metabolism
... could pass through organic anion-specific channels. Because of its rapidness and specificity to Al, Al-induced malate efflux is a useful system for studying how the Al signal is transmitted into the cell that expresses physiological responses underlying Al-toxicity or tolerance. Protein phosphorylat ...
... could pass through organic anion-specific channels. Because of its rapidness and specificity to Al, Al-induced malate efflux is a useful system for studying how the Al signal is transmitted into the cell that expresses physiological responses underlying Al-toxicity or tolerance. Protein phosphorylat ...
Induction of Mitochondrial Alternative Oxidase in
... 1 h of Cys treatment, the capacity of the cyt pathway in wt cells had decreased by approximately 70% (Fig. 2A) By 4 h, cyt pathway capacity was almost completely lost. AS8 cells suffered a similar loss of cyt pathway in response to Cys (Fig. 2A). However, although cyt pathway capacity in wt cells co ...
... 1 h of Cys treatment, the capacity of the cyt pathway in wt cells had decreased by approximately 70% (Fig. 2A) By 4 h, cyt pathway capacity was almost completely lost. AS8 cells suffered a similar loss of cyt pathway in response to Cys (Fig. 2A). However, although cyt pathway capacity in wt cells co ...
Regulation of the heat stress response in Arabidopsis by
... shock and oxidative stress (Sorger, Lewis & Pelham, 1987; Høj & Jakobsen, 1994) while the phosphorylation state of this Hsf regulates both activation and inactivation of the transcription activation function (Hashikawa & Sakurai, 2004). A C-terminal modulator domain (CTM) is essential for activation ...
... shock and oxidative stress (Sorger, Lewis & Pelham, 1987; Høj & Jakobsen, 1994) while the phosphorylation state of this Hsf regulates both activation and inactivation of the transcription activation function (Hashikawa & Sakurai, 2004). A C-terminal modulator domain (CTM) is essential for activation ...
Jane M. Carlton, , 207 (2007); DOI: 10.1126/science.1132894
... with the shaping of metabolic pathways that likely transpired through lateral gene transfer from bacteria, and amplification of specific gene families implicated in pathogenesis and phagocytosis of host proteins may exemplify adaptations of the parasite during its transition to a urogenital environm ...
... with the shaping of metabolic pathways that likely transpired through lateral gene transfer from bacteria, and amplification of specific gene families implicated in pathogenesis and phagocytosis of host proteins may exemplify adaptations of the parasite during its transition to a urogenital environm ...
Auxins in defense strategies
... acid and ethylene are not only important signaling molecules, but also play a critical role in the regulation of plant immune responses in many cases. Furthermore, other plant hormones (also known as phytohormones), such as auxins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, gibberellins and brassinosteroids, primar ...
... acid and ethylene are not only important signaling molecules, but also play a critical role in the regulation of plant immune responses in many cases. Furthermore, other plant hormones (also known as phytohormones), such as auxins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, gibberellins and brassinosteroids, primar ...
Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Is a GABAA Receptor
... Protein phosphorylation is crucial for regulating synaptic transmission. We describe a novel mechanism for the phosphorylation of the GABAA receptor, which mediates fast inhibition in the brain. A protein copurified and coimmunoprecipitated with the phosphorylated receptor ␣1 subunit; this receptor- ...
... Protein phosphorylation is crucial for regulating synaptic transmission. We describe a novel mechanism for the phosphorylation of the GABAA receptor, which mediates fast inhibition in the brain. A protein copurified and coimmunoprecipitated with the phosphorylated receptor ␣1 subunit; this receptor- ...
Lecture 12-14 (Parker) - Department of Chemistry ::: CALTECH
... In 1897 Hans and Eduard Buchner discovered that yeast extracts could rapidly ferment sucrose into alcohol. Startling discovery in its day because it was widely held that fermentation was a process that occurs within cells. This led to efforts to understand the mechanism of this extracellular fermen ...
... In 1897 Hans and Eduard Buchner discovered that yeast extracts could rapidly ferment sucrose into alcohol. Startling discovery in its day because it was widely held that fermentation was a process that occurs within cells. This led to efforts to understand the mechanism of this extracellular fermen ...
CS790 – Introduction to Bioinformatics
... protein. If each residue can take only 3 positions, there are 3100 = 5 1047 possible conformations. • If it takes 10-13s to convert from 1 structure to another, exhaustive search would take 1.6 1027 years! ...
... protein. If each residue can take only 3 positions, there are 3100 = 5 1047 possible conformations. • If it takes 10-13s to convert from 1 structure to another, exhaustive search would take 1.6 1027 years! ...
nutrient composition of dandelions and its potential as human food
... There are two factors limiting the nutritional value of plants to monogastric animals: (a) the high amounts of fibre and (b) the indigestibility of the cellulosic cell walls. Normally herbivores assimilate the plant proteins and man consumes the herbivore protein and avoids the cellulose. This detou ...
... There are two factors limiting the nutritional value of plants to monogastric animals: (a) the high amounts of fibre and (b) the indigestibility of the cellulosic cell walls. Normally herbivores assimilate the plant proteins and man consumes the herbivore protein and avoids the cellulose. This detou ...
CS790 – Introduction to Bioinformatics
... protein. If each residue can take only 3 positions, there are 3100 = 5 1047 possible conformations. • If it takes 10-13s to convert from 1 structure to another, exhaustive search would take 1.6 1027 years! ...
... protein. If each residue can take only 3 positions, there are 3100 = 5 1047 possible conformations. • If it takes 10-13s to convert from 1 structure to another, exhaustive search would take 1.6 1027 years! ...
Arginine-induced stimulation of protein synthesis and survival in
... to synthesize arginine (20, 37, 41), and the small intestine is a key site of net arginine synthesis in neonates (39, 42, 43). Thus the gut appears to play a critical role in maintaining arginine homeostasis in neonates (13, 40). Evidence from in vitro metabolic studies with primary cells and transf ...
... to synthesize arginine (20, 37, 41), and the small intestine is a key site of net arginine synthesis in neonates (39, 42, 43). Thus the gut appears to play a critical role in maintaining arginine homeostasis in neonates (13, 40). Evidence from in vitro metabolic studies with primary cells and transf ...
Atom depth in protein structure and function
... Depth has also turned out to be useful for understanding the structural properties of proteins at the atomic level. It has long been recognized from NMR measurements that deeply buried amide protons exchange slowly with the solvent. The distance between amide N atoms in hen egg-white lysozyme and th ...
... Depth has also turned out to be useful for understanding the structural properties of proteins at the atomic level. It has long been recognized from NMR measurements that deeply buried amide protons exchange slowly with the solvent. The distance between amide N atoms in hen egg-white lysozyme and th ...
THE BACTERIA toxin
... 1. Hemolysins - There are many different types of hemolysins but, in each case, the end result is lysis of the red blood cell with resultant anemia. 2. Leukocidins- Again, there are many different types of leukocidins, and some are specific for only one type of leukocyte. However, the end result in ...
... 1. Hemolysins - There are many different types of hemolysins but, in each case, the end result is lysis of the red blood cell with resultant anemia. 2. Leukocidins- Again, there are many different types of leukocidins, and some are specific for only one type of leukocyte. However, the end result in ...
Going from where to why—interpretable
... the predicted class, compared to the class where this feature value is least likely. In contrast, the opposition score is always negative. Given a very low opposition score, it is more likely to observe this feature in a class that was not predicted. Hence, a prediction based on the feature alone wo ...
... the predicted class, compared to the class where this feature value is least likely. In contrast, the opposition score is always negative. Given a very low opposition score, it is more likely to observe this feature in a class that was not predicted. Hence, a prediction based on the feature alone wo ...
Cooperative and independent functions of FGF and Wnt signaling
... contrast, Wnt signaling is required to stabilize otic vs. epidermal/epibranchial cell fate decisions within the OEPD [11, 14–16]. In mouse, the Wnt signaling reporter, TCF/ Lef-lacZ [14, 17], is active after specification of the OEPD [14, 18, 19]. Furthermore, in chick, either activation or inhibiti ...
... contrast, Wnt signaling is required to stabilize otic vs. epidermal/epibranchial cell fate decisions within the OEPD [11, 14–16]. In mouse, the Wnt signaling reporter, TCF/ Lef-lacZ [14, 17], is active after specification of the OEPD [14, 18, 19]. Furthermore, in chick, either activation or inhibiti ...
The Family of SMF Metal Ion Transporters in Yeast Cells*
... with antibody against Smf3p indicated that this transporter does not reach the plasma membrane and may function at the Golgi or post-Golgi complexes. The iron uptake resulting from expression of Smf1p and Smf2p was analyzed in a mutant in which its iron transporters FET3 and FET4 were inactivated. O ...
... with antibody against Smf3p indicated that this transporter does not reach the plasma membrane and may function at the Golgi or post-Golgi complexes. The iron uptake resulting from expression of Smf1p and Smf2p was analyzed in a mutant in which its iron transporters FET3 and FET4 were inactivated. O ...
Electrostatic Interactions in Wild
... ABSTRACT: Residue Val68 in human myoglobin has been replaced by Asn, Asp, and Glu with site-directed mutagenesis. Purified proteins were characterized by isoelectric focusing and by absorption, CD, and N M R spectroscopy. These studies demonstrated that Mb is able to tolerate substitution of the bur ...
... ABSTRACT: Residue Val68 in human myoglobin has been replaced by Asn, Asp, and Glu with site-directed mutagenesis. Purified proteins were characterized by isoelectric focusing and by absorption, CD, and N M R spectroscopy. These studies demonstrated that Mb is able to tolerate substitution of the bur ...
energy - Bide Sport
... – BCAA powder in micronised and instantised immediately soluble form. – Ratio 3-1-1 (L-leucine, L-isoleucine, L-valine) – For supplementation in sports drinks or ...
... – BCAA powder in micronised and instantised immediately soluble form. – Ratio 3-1-1 (L-leucine, L-isoleucine, L-valine) – For supplementation in sports drinks or ...
Molecular networks in skeletal muscle plasticity
... signaling cascades activated by endurance exercise in muscle tissue (Chan and Arany, 2014) (Fig. 1). The PGC-1α gene is controlled by several promoters, coupled to alternative splicing, involved in activating gene programs for adaptations to higher energy demands (see Martinez-Redondo et al., 2015). ...
... signaling cascades activated by endurance exercise in muscle tissue (Chan and Arany, 2014) (Fig. 1). The PGC-1α gene is controlled by several promoters, coupled to alternative splicing, involved in activating gene programs for adaptations to higher energy demands (see Martinez-Redondo et al., 2015). ...
msb145697-sup-0001-Supp_Info
... assumes a diverse representation of proteins with broad distributions of efficiencies in various steps of the experimental flow. The R-sector includes most of the r-proteins which together form one complex, ribosome. Similar behaviors of this large group of proteins in terms of noise could cause the ...
... assumes a diverse representation of proteins with broad distributions of efficiencies in various steps of the experimental flow. The R-sector includes most of the r-proteins which together form one complex, ribosome. Similar behaviors of this large group of proteins in terms of noise could cause the ...
Paracrine signalling
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells. Signaling molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance (local action), as opposed to endocrine factors (hormones which travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system), juxtacrine interactions, and autocrine signaling. Cells that produce paracrine factors secrete them into the immediate extracellular environment. Factors then travel to nearby cells in which the gradient of factor received determines the outcome. However, the exact distance that paracrine factors can travel is not certain.Although paracrine signaling elicits a diverse array of responses in the induced cells, most paracrine factors utilize a relatively streamlined set of receptors and pathways. In fact, different organs in the body -even between different species - are known to utilize a similar sets of paracrine factors in differential development. The highly conserved receptors and pathways can be organized into four major families based on similar structures: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily. Binding of a paracrine factor to its respective receptor initiates signal transduction cascades, eliciting different responses.