Changes in gene expression associated with acclimation to constant
... have been generated as a result of this study. The most daily temperature fluctuations. Control of cell growth and notable of these hypotheses is the possibility that the high proliferation appears to be an important part of the mobility group b1 (HMGB1) protein, which plays key response to change i ...
... have been generated as a result of this study. The most daily temperature fluctuations. Control of cell growth and notable of these hypotheses is the possibility that the high proliferation appears to be an important part of the mobility group b1 (HMGB1) protein, which plays key response to change i ...
Are Hydrophobins and/or Non-Specific Lipid Transfer Proteins
... LTP1, the latter corresponds to LTP1 having lost the C-terminal tyrosine residue via carboxypeptidase activity in seeds. The mass spectrum of the LTP1-fraction from beer showed multiple peaks, whereas the first two peaks were identical with the barley LTP1 peaks (Fig. 4b). The masses of the other pe ...
... LTP1, the latter corresponds to LTP1 having lost the C-terminal tyrosine residue via carboxypeptidase activity in seeds. The mass spectrum of the LTP1-fraction from beer showed multiple peaks, whereas the first two peaks were identical with the barley LTP1 peaks (Fig. 4b). The masses of the other pe ...
Low Oxygen Response Mechanisms in Green Organisms
... significant role of both ADH and PDC for hypoxia survival has been demonstrated in many plant species, which differ in their degree of low oxygen tolerance, such as maize, rice, Rumex palustris and Arabidopsis thaliana [18–23]. Although the conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde, catalyzed by PDC, i ...
... significant role of both ADH and PDC for hypoxia survival has been demonstrated in many plant species, which differ in their degree of low oxygen tolerance, such as maize, rice, Rumex palustris and Arabidopsis thaliana [18–23]. Although the conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde, catalyzed by PDC, i ...
Thermodynamic analysis of the unfolding and stability of the dimeric
... metabolic events, such as replication, transcription and transposition [11,12]. Its ability to repair DNA [13,14] and to prevent DNA duplex melting [7] has also been described. HU proteins from several species of bacillus growing in environments of different temperatures have already been isolated a ...
... metabolic events, such as replication, transcription and transposition [11,12]. Its ability to repair DNA [13,14] and to prevent DNA duplex melting [7] has also been described. HU proteins from several species of bacillus growing in environments of different temperatures have already been isolated a ...
143 BBA 35 oo4 INTERACTION OF NEUROSPORA
... Mitochondria, whether from fungi or animal cells, are composed of an outer and inner membrane. The 2 membranes of beef-heart mitochondria differ in respect to the nature of repeating units, enzymic composition, chemical composition and function27, ". In particular, enzymes of the citric acid cycle, ...
... Mitochondria, whether from fungi or animal cells, are composed of an outer and inner membrane. The 2 membranes of beef-heart mitochondria differ in respect to the nature of repeating units, enzymic composition, chemical composition and function27, ". In particular, enzymes of the citric acid cycle, ...
Short transmembrane domains with high
... To examine whether the geometric features of TMDs also act as determinants of localization in mammalian cells, CHO-K1 cells were transfected with mCherry-tagged Sso1 or fusions of the Sso1 cytoplasmic domain to the TMDs described in Fig. 2 and their subcellular localization was established by coloca ...
... To examine whether the geometric features of TMDs also act as determinants of localization in mammalian cells, CHO-K1 cells were transfected with mCherry-tagged Sso1 or fusions of the Sso1 cytoplasmic domain to the TMDs described in Fig. 2 and their subcellular localization was established by coloca ...
Towards Controlling the Glycoform: A Model Framework Linking
... terminating structures are known to have a substantial effect on the affinity towards the C1q complex and their removal results in decreased complement lysis activity [5]. Other examples are 2,6-linked terminating sialic acid glycan motifs, which enable antibodies to modulate anti-inflammatory immun ...
... terminating structures are known to have a substantial effect on the affinity towards the C1q complex and their removal results in decreased complement lysis activity [5]. Other examples are 2,6-linked terminating sialic acid glycan motifs, which enable antibodies to modulate anti-inflammatory immun ...
Control of alternative splicing in immune responses: many
... mechanisms of gene regulation are increasingly emerging as important regulators of immune cell function. In particular, one mechanism of post-transcriptional gene regulation that has garnered much interest in the past few years is alternative pre-mRNA splicing. Alternative splicing (AS) is an essent ...
... mechanisms of gene regulation are increasingly emerging as important regulators of immune cell function. In particular, one mechanism of post-transcriptional gene regulation that has garnered much interest in the past few years is alternative pre-mRNA splicing. Alternative splicing (AS) is an essent ...
A Major Surface Protein on Group A Streptococci Is a
... the protein is likely to be a tetramer of 156 kD. NH2-terminal amino acid sequence analysis revealed 83% homology in the first 18 residues and about 56% in the first 39 residues with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) of eukaryotic or bacterial origin. This streptococcal surface GAPDH ...
... the protein is likely to be a tetramer of 156 kD. NH2-terminal amino acid sequence analysis revealed 83% homology in the first 18 residues and about 56% in the first 39 residues with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) of eukaryotic or bacterial origin. This streptococcal surface GAPDH ...
Electrophoretic Extraction and Proteomic Characterization of
... amide bonds as found in proteins [2–4]. Protein building blocks, such as total hydrolysable amino acids (THAAs, total amino acids that can be extracted using 6 N HCl), are found to account for up to 30%–40% of particulate nitrogen in marine sediments [5–8]. In addition to proteins representing the l ...
... amide bonds as found in proteins [2–4]. Protein building blocks, such as total hydrolysable amino acids (THAAs, total amino acids that can be extracted using 6 N HCl), are found to account for up to 30%–40% of particulate nitrogen in marine sediments [5–8]. In addition to proteins representing the l ...
Gene Section SRXN1 (sulfiredoxin 1) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... The primary biochemical function of Srx is to reduce the overoxidized cysteine residues of Prx I, Prx II, Prx III and Prx IV under severe oxidative stress (Biteau et al., 2003; Chang et al., 2004). The spectrum and specificity of its enzymatic function remains elusive. Srx may also cause the degluta ...
... The primary biochemical function of Srx is to reduce the overoxidized cysteine residues of Prx I, Prx II, Prx III and Prx IV under severe oxidative stress (Biteau et al., 2003; Chang et al., 2004). The spectrum and specificity of its enzymatic function remains elusive. Srx may also cause the degluta ...
The Spemann Organizer Signal noggin Binds and
... immune complexes formed in which only one subunit of the noggin dimer is bound by antibody, leaving the other subunit free to bind BMP4. We have also reproduced in Xenopus the results of Holley et al. (1996), by showing that injected noggin RNA fails to dorsalize embryos or neuralize animal caps coi ...
... immune complexes formed in which only one subunit of the noggin dimer is bound by antibody, leaving the other subunit free to bind BMP4. We have also reproduced in Xenopus the results of Holley et al. (1996), by showing that injected noggin RNA fails to dorsalize embryos or neuralize animal caps coi ...
A Contribution of the Mitochondrial
... tions in the enzymes. It has been reported that sol uble mitochondrial F, -ATPase (Garza-Ramos et al., 1989) and MgATP-submitochondrial particles (Garza-Ram os et al., 1990), in a system containing toluene and phospholipids, catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP at a rate that depends on the concentra ti ...
... tions in the enzymes. It has been reported that sol uble mitochondrial F, -ATPase (Garza-Ramos et al., 1989) and MgATP-submitochondrial particles (Garza-Ram os et al., 1990), in a system containing toluene and phospholipids, catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP at a rate that depends on the concentra ti ...
as a PDF
... but has been demonstrated subsequently to be a multisubstrate protein kinase existing most abundantly in the brain (Yang and Fong, 1985 ; Yu and Yang, 1993; for review, see Yang, 1991) . Protein kinase FA/GSK3a was identified further as a brain microtubule-associated T protein kinase that is able to ...
... but has been demonstrated subsequently to be a multisubstrate protein kinase existing most abundantly in the brain (Yang and Fong, 1985 ; Yu and Yang, 1993; for review, see Yang, 1991) . Protein kinase FA/GSK3a was identified further as a brain microtubule-associated T protein kinase that is able to ...
Structure and function of human lactalbumin made lethal to tumor
... new functionality. HAMLET key features are related to the intrinsic properties of proteins to possess varying functions depending on their conformational states and associated ligands. HAMLET was discovered by serendipity [7]. During studies of antiadhesive molecules in human milk, tumor cells were ...
... new functionality. HAMLET key features are related to the intrinsic properties of proteins to possess varying functions depending on their conformational states and associated ligands. HAMLET was discovered by serendipity [7]. During studies of antiadhesive molecules in human milk, tumor cells were ...
Identification and expression of the first nonmammalian amyloid‐β
... transcription, exon 7 (encoding the 56 amino acid KPI domain also alternatively spliced in APP) and exon 14 (encoding a 12 amino acid domain involved in the attachment of a chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan side chain) are alternatively spliced [29]. While forms of APP mRNA lacking the KPI domai ...
... transcription, exon 7 (encoding the 56 amino acid KPI domain also alternatively spliced in APP) and exon 14 (encoding a 12 amino acid domain involved in the attachment of a chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan side chain) are alternatively spliced [29]. While forms of APP mRNA lacking the KPI domai ...
Mitochondria and mammalian reproduction
... a b s t r a c t Mitochondria are cellular organelles with crucial roles in ATP synthesis, metabolic integration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis and management, the regulation of apoptosis (namely via the intrinsic pathway), among many others. Additionally, mitochondria in different organs o ...
... a b s t r a c t Mitochondria are cellular organelles with crucial roles in ATP synthesis, metabolic integration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis and management, the regulation of apoptosis (namely via the intrinsic pathway), among many others. Additionally, mitochondria in different organs o ...
Arabidopsis Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase1 of
... using 3-PGA (Pizer, 1963; McKitrick and Pizer, 1980; Snell, 1984; Achouri et al., 1997; Dey et al., 2005), whereas in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), Ser can be produced either by the PS or the gluconeogenic pathway, depending on the available carbon source (Melcher and Entian, 1992; Sinclair and ...
... using 3-PGA (Pizer, 1963; McKitrick and Pizer, 1980; Snell, 1984; Achouri et al., 1997; Dey et al., 2005), whereas in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), Ser can be produced either by the PS or the gluconeogenic pathway, depending on the available carbon source (Melcher and Entian, 1992; Sinclair and ...
Minimal metabolic pathway structure is consistent with
... (Fig 1). The MinSpan pathways are the sparsest linear basis of the null space of S that maintains the biological and thermodynamic constraints of the network. The MinSpan pathways have a couple notable properties. First, unlike convex analysis approaches (Llaneras & Pico, 2010), MinSpan pathways can ...
... (Fig 1). The MinSpan pathways are the sparsest linear basis of the null space of S that maintains the biological and thermodynamic constraints of the network. The MinSpan pathways have a couple notable properties. First, unlike convex analysis approaches (Llaneras & Pico, 2010), MinSpan pathways can ...
Metabolic and physiological interdependencies in the
... of chemosynthetic Gammaproteobacteria in its gills: a sulfur oxidizer and a methane oxidizer. Despite numerous investigations over the last decades, the degree of interdependence between the three symbiotic partners, their individual metabolic contributions, as well as the mechanism of carbon transf ...
... of chemosynthetic Gammaproteobacteria in its gills: a sulfur oxidizer and a methane oxidizer. Despite numerous investigations over the last decades, the degree of interdependence between the three symbiotic partners, their individual metabolic contributions, as well as the mechanism of carbon transf ...
Dissecting protein function: an efficient protocol for
... function mutations) can often uncover a previously unknown role for a protein in a particular biological process. However, most mutations are identified based on loss-of-function (LOF) phenotypes, which cannot differentiate between separation-of-function alleles vs. mutations that encode unstable/un ...
... function mutations) can often uncover a previously unknown role for a protein in a particular biological process. However, most mutations are identified based on loss-of-function (LOF) phenotypes, which cannot differentiate between separation-of-function alleles vs. mutations that encode unstable/un ...
Enzymes of Glycolysis Are Functionally Associated
... of 7 of the 10 enzymes that constitute the glycolytic pathway. Four of these enzymes (glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase, aldolase, phosphoglycerate mutase, and enolase) were also identified in an intermembrane space/outer mitochondrial membrane fraction. Enzyme activity assays confirmed that the enti ...
... of 7 of the 10 enzymes that constitute the glycolytic pathway. Four of these enzymes (glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase, aldolase, phosphoglycerate mutase, and enolase) were also identified in an intermembrane space/outer mitochondrial membrane fraction. Enzyme activity assays confirmed that the enti ...
Enzymes of the mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid
... reaction thus proceeds through the successive reduction steps to first produce bound mevaldyl-CoA, collapse of the thiohemiacetal to release CoASH and form mevaldehyde; the second reduction step then forms product mevalonate (Scheme 4). The eukaryotic proteins (class I HMG-CoA reductases) are associa ...
... reaction thus proceeds through the successive reduction steps to first produce bound mevaldyl-CoA, collapse of the thiohemiacetal to release CoASH and form mevaldehyde; the second reduction step then forms product mevalonate (Scheme 4). The eukaryotic proteins (class I HMG-CoA reductases) are associa ...
Isolation and Characterization of Two Polypeptides
... Filaments form in the urea extract when the urea is removed by dialysis . Dialysis of a urea extract, containing 2 mg/ml of protein, against 5 mM Tris, pH 7 .4, causes the solution to become opalescent . When the opalescent solution is spread on a holey grid, stained with uranyl acetate, and examine ...
... Filaments form in the urea extract when the urea is removed by dialysis . Dialysis of a urea extract, containing 2 mg/ml of protein, against 5 mM Tris, pH 7 .4, causes the solution to become opalescent . When the opalescent solution is spread on a holey grid, stained with uranyl acetate, and examine ...
Paracrine signalling
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells. Signaling molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance (local action), as opposed to endocrine factors (hormones which travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system), juxtacrine interactions, and autocrine signaling. Cells that produce paracrine factors secrete them into the immediate extracellular environment. Factors then travel to nearby cells in which the gradient of factor received determines the outcome. However, the exact distance that paracrine factors can travel is not certain.Although paracrine signaling elicits a diverse array of responses in the induced cells, most paracrine factors utilize a relatively streamlined set of receptors and pathways. In fact, different organs in the body -even between different species - are known to utilize a similar sets of paracrine factors in differential development. The highly conserved receptors and pathways can be organized into four major families based on similar structures: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily. Binding of a paracrine factor to its respective receptor initiates signal transduction cascades, eliciting different responses.