M-path: a compass for navigating potential metabolic pathways
... be classified into three categories (Supplementary Fig. S6); PATH_0 with only known (KEGG) enzymatic reactions and compounds, PATH_1 with putative enzymatic reactions between known compounds and PATH_2 with putative enzymatic reactions and compounds. PATH_0 can be found in KEGG pathway database. The ...
... be classified into three categories (Supplementary Fig. S6); PATH_0 with only known (KEGG) enzymatic reactions and compounds, PATH_1 with putative enzymatic reactions between known compounds and PATH_2 with putative enzymatic reactions and compounds. PATH_0 can be found in KEGG pathway database. The ...
Use of a Sec signal peptide library from Bacillus subtilis for the
... Signal peptide screening for optimized secretion of heterologous proteins ...
... Signal peptide screening for optimized secretion of heterologous proteins ...
Dictionary of Interfaces in Proteins (DIP). Data Bank of
... for intermolecular recognition processes of ligands like substrates, coenzymes, etc., and for prediction of contacts occurring during protein folding and association. For this purpose, we de®ned interfaces as pairs of matching molecular surface patches between neighboring secondary structural elemen ...
... for intermolecular recognition processes of ligands like substrates, coenzymes, etc., and for prediction of contacts occurring during protein folding and association. For this purpose, we de®ned interfaces as pairs of matching molecular surface patches between neighboring secondary structural elemen ...
Modulation of Fibroblast Growth Factor
... of the polysulfonates with FGF-2 was demonstrated by their ability to protect the growth factor from proteolytic cleavage. Accordingly, molecular modeling, based on the crystal structure of the interaction of FGF-2 with a heparin hexamer, showed the feasibility of docking PAMPS into the heparinbindi ...
... of the polysulfonates with FGF-2 was demonstrated by their ability to protect the growth factor from proteolytic cleavage. Accordingly, molecular modeling, based on the crystal structure of the interaction of FGF-2 with a heparin hexamer, showed the feasibility of docking PAMPS into the heparinbindi ...
Phosphoketolase pathway dominates in
... the dry weights of the samples, and, hence, the signal-to-noise levels vary between the spectra. Duplicate samples from different batch cultures were analyzed in this study, and the spectra showed the same results. Enzyme assays. Cell extracts were prepared from cultures harvested in the late expone ...
... the dry weights of the samples, and, hence, the signal-to-noise levels vary between the spectra. Duplicate samples from different batch cultures were analyzed in this study, and the spectra showed the same results. Enzyme assays. Cell extracts were prepared from cultures harvested in the late expone ...
Sulfur Metabolism in Escherichia coli and Related Bacteria: Facts
... between the end and the start of the reaction. ΔE ' is the redox potential difference (that can for example generate a protonmotive force) of a biochemical reaction in standard conditions: 298 K (25˚C), pH 7.0 and where the concentration of each reagent is 1 mol/liter except for water (normal concen ...
... between the end and the start of the reaction. ΔE ' is the redox potential difference (that can for example generate a protonmotive force) of a biochemical reaction in standard conditions: 298 K (25˚C), pH 7.0 and where the concentration of each reagent is 1 mol/liter except for water (normal concen ...
G a - Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali
... Most of biological functions are mediated by protein interactions. These interactions can be physical, such as when two proteins form a complex, or “logical,” such as when one or more proteins control the behavior of one or more other proteins without physical interaction. ...
... Most of biological functions are mediated by protein interactions. These interactions can be physical, such as when two proteins form a complex, or “logical,” such as when one or more proteins control the behavior of one or more other proteins without physical interaction. ...
Protein hydrolysates in sports nutrition
... reported that whey and casein protein hydrolysates elicited ~50% more gastric secretion than respective intact proteins, which was accompanied by higher plasma concentrations of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) during the first 20 min of the gastric emptying process [11]. As its na ...
... reported that whey and casein protein hydrolysates elicited ~50% more gastric secretion than respective intact proteins, which was accompanied by higher plasma concentrations of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) during the first 20 min of the gastric emptying process [11]. As its na ...
Chloroplast phosphoglycerate kinase from Euglena gracilis
... almost identical proteins of 423 amino acids that differ in only one residue. Asp422 of the second PGK protein (and also of the identical C-terminal fragment of the first unit) was replaced by Asn in the third PGK protein at the 3¢ end. At the nucleotide level sequence identity of the PGK segments is ...
... almost identical proteins of 423 amino acids that differ in only one residue. Asp422 of the second PGK protein (and also of the identical C-terminal fragment of the first unit) was replaced by Asn in the third PGK protein at the 3¢ end. At the nucleotide level sequence identity of the PGK segments is ...
Stimulation of growth of the human gastric
... requirements of bacteria: high sensitivity to toxic forms of oxygen present in the culture medium, excessive metabolic generation of toxic forms of oxygen, low respiratory rates, iron deficiency, lack of protective enzymes, unusually oxygen-sensitive cell constituents, and reliance on oxygen-labile ...
... requirements of bacteria: high sensitivity to toxic forms of oxygen present in the culture medium, excessive metabolic generation of toxic forms of oxygen, low respiratory rates, iron deficiency, lack of protective enzymes, unusually oxygen-sensitive cell constituents, and reliance on oxygen-labile ...
Protease Activity of a 90-kDa Protein Isolated from Scallop Shells
... initial activity, even in the presence of denaturants such as 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 6 M urea. Substrate specificity analysis performed using synthetic peptides showed that the 90-kDa protein cleaves preferentially at Lys-X and Arg-X bonds. A portion of Phe-X bond was also cleaved by th ...
... initial activity, even in the presence of denaturants such as 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 6 M urea. Substrate specificity analysis performed using synthetic peptides showed that the 90-kDa protein cleaves preferentially at Lys-X and Arg-X bonds. A portion of Phe-X bond was also cleaved by th ...
Determination of Protein Molecular Weight
... Proteins exhibit different three-dimensional shapes and folding patterns which are determined by their amino acid sequences and intracellular processing. The precise three-dimensional configuration of a protein is critical to its function. The shapes these molecules can have are spherical, elliptica ...
... Proteins exhibit different three-dimensional shapes and folding patterns which are determined by their amino acid sequences and intracellular processing. The precise three-dimensional configuration of a protein is critical to its function. The shapes these molecules can have are spherical, elliptica ...
Chapter 6 - IFSC-USP
... In contrast to most other small-molecule neurotransmitters, the postsynaptic actions of ACh at many cholinergic synapses (the neuromuscular junction in particular) is not terminated by reuptake but by a powerful hydrolytic enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This enzyme is concentrated in the synap ...
... In contrast to most other small-molecule neurotransmitters, the postsynaptic actions of ACh at many cholinergic synapses (the neuromuscular junction in particular) is not terminated by reuptake but by a powerful hydrolytic enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This enzyme is concentrated in the synap ...
Gene Section ORAI3 (ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 3)
... treated with 2µg/ml tunicamycin, showed that ORAI3 migrated at positions close to their predicted molecular masse (32.5 kDa). Phosphorylation: Since ORAI3 is a tetraspanning plasma membrane protein, it contains three intracellular regions that can potentially be phosphorylated by intracellular prote ...
... treated with 2µg/ml tunicamycin, showed that ORAI3 migrated at positions close to their predicted molecular masse (32.5 kDa). Phosphorylation: Since ORAI3 is a tetraspanning plasma membrane protein, it contains three intracellular regions that can potentially be phosphorylated by intracellular prote ...
Integration and topology of membrane proteins Carolina Boekel
... system that allows a quantitative assessment of membrane insertion efficiency. Our studies suggest that helices might interact with each other already during the membrane-insertion step, possibly forming helical hairpins that partition into the membrane as a single unit. Further, the insertion effic ...
... system that allows a quantitative assessment of membrane insertion efficiency. Our studies suggest that helices might interact with each other already during the membrane-insertion step, possibly forming helical hairpins that partition into the membrane as a single unit. Further, the insertion effic ...
Farnesyl diphosphate synthase, the target for nitrogen
... in mammalian cells, and it has been concluded that the enzymes are cytosolic [10]. Hence, at present, the intracellular location of the mammalian mevalonate pathway enzymes remains unclear. The pathway has also been investigated in plants and it appears that some, but not all, of the enzymes are per ...
... in mammalian cells, and it has been concluded that the enzymes are cytosolic [10]. Hence, at present, the intracellular location of the mammalian mevalonate pathway enzymes remains unclear. The pathway has also been investigated in plants and it appears that some, but not all, of the enzymes are per ...
An Efficient Protocol for Identifying Separation-of-Function
... A potential solution is to employ missense mutations, referred to as separation-of-function (sof2) alleles, which surgically eliminate a single biochemical function while leaving other activities (and presumably the structural integrity of the protein) intact. The advantages of this particular clas ...
... A potential solution is to employ missense mutations, referred to as separation-of-function (sof2) alleles, which surgically eliminate a single biochemical function while leaving other activities (and presumably the structural integrity of the protein) intact. The advantages of this particular clas ...
Amino Acid Metabolism
... Key Concepts / Amino Acid Metabolism • The enzymes glutamate synthase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and aminotransferases are responsible for the vast majority of nitrogen metabolizing reactions in most organisms. • Protein degradation by the protozomal complex releases oligopepti ...
... Key Concepts / Amino Acid Metabolism • The enzymes glutamate synthase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and aminotransferases are responsible for the vast majority of nitrogen metabolizing reactions in most organisms. • Protein degradation by the protozomal complex releases oligopepti ...
A novel EVI1 gene family, MEL1, lacking a PR domain (MEL1S) is
... responsive element-binding protein-binding protein [CBP] or p300/ CBP-associated factor [P/CAF]),19 suggesting that EVI1 can function as a dual transcription regulator. On the other hand, it is reported that overexpression of EVI1 transforms rat fibroblast RAT1 cells,20 and it blocks transforming gr ...
... responsive element-binding protein-binding protein [CBP] or p300/ CBP-associated factor [P/CAF]),19 suggesting that EVI1 can function as a dual transcription regulator. On the other hand, it is reported that overexpression of EVI1 transforms rat fibroblast RAT1 cells,20 and it blocks transforming gr ...
State of the Art Manufacturing of Protein Hydrolysates
... of the manufacturers remove salt partially or completely by precipitation nanofiltration and/or ion exchange resins. However, acid hydrolysates are widely used in the food and pet food industry as flavor enhancers (Nagodawithana 1998, 2010). This is covered in greater detail in Chapter 11. The manuf ...
... of the manufacturers remove salt partially or completely by precipitation nanofiltration and/or ion exchange resins. However, acid hydrolysates are widely used in the food and pet food industry as flavor enhancers (Nagodawithana 1998, 2010). This is covered in greater detail in Chapter 11. The manuf ...
Denise Lim, Instructor Study Guide Bio 5
... 8. What is signal transduction and what are the basic components of a transduction pathway? How does a signal cascade amplify a cell’s response? 9. What is the role of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation? What are the enzymes responsible for these modifications? What is a second messenger and how ...
... 8. What is signal transduction and what are the basic components of a transduction pathway? How does a signal cascade amplify a cell’s response? 9. What is the role of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation? What are the enzymes responsible for these modifications? What is a second messenger and how ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... polymers to C6/C5 sugars is done with cocktails of enzymes with at least three kinds of cellulase activities (endogluconase, exogluconase, and cellobiose), but unless the biomass is properly pretreated large quantities of enzymes must be added. In the Inbicon process (in which only the C6 sugars are ...
... polymers to C6/C5 sugars is done with cocktails of enzymes with at least three kinds of cellulase activities (endogluconase, exogluconase, and cellobiose), but unless the biomass is properly pretreated large quantities of enzymes must be added. In the Inbicon process (in which only the C6 sugars are ...
Word doc
... 8. What is signal transduction and what are the basic components of a transduction pathway? How does a signal cascade amplify a cell’s response? 9. What is the role of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation? What are the enzymes responsible for these modifications? What is a second messenger and how ...
... 8. What is signal transduction and what are the basic components of a transduction pathway? How does a signal cascade amplify a cell’s response? 9. What is the role of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation? What are the enzymes responsible for these modifications? What is a second messenger and how ...
Cell Functions Phospholipid-Binding Motif that Regulates T Subunit
... present within each of the CD3 subunits (4). Following their phosphorylation, the ITAMs are complexed by Syk/ZAP-70 family of protein tyrosine kinases. This kinase family, in conjunction with Src-family protein tyrosine kinases, phosphorylates and activates multiple effector and adaptor proteins. Mu ...
... present within each of the CD3 subunits (4). Following their phosphorylation, the ITAMs are complexed by Syk/ZAP-70 family of protein tyrosine kinases. This kinase family, in conjunction with Src-family protein tyrosine kinases, phosphorylates and activates multiple effector and adaptor proteins. Mu ...
Plasma membrane
... • Cells are the smallest units that perform all vital physiological functions • Each cell maintains homeostasis at the cellular level ...
... • Cells are the smallest units that perform all vital physiological functions • Each cell maintains homeostasis at the cellular level ...
Paracrine signalling
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells. Signaling molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance (local action), as opposed to endocrine factors (hormones which travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system), juxtacrine interactions, and autocrine signaling. Cells that produce paracrine factors secrete them into the immediate extracellular environment. Factors then travel to nearby cells in which the gradient of factor received determines the outcome. However, the exact distance that paracrine factors can travel is not certain.Although paracrine signaling elicits a diverse array of responses in the induced cells, most paracrine factors utilize a relatively streamlined set of receptors and pathways. In fact, different organs in the body -even between different species - are known to utilize a similar sets of paracrine factors in differential development. The highly conserved receptors and pathways can be organized into four major families based on similar structures: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily. Binding of a paracrine factor to its respective receptor initiates signal transduction cascades, eliciting different responses.