programmed cell death
... BAX undergoes extensive conformational changes during the mitochondrial translocation process. The protein changes from a soluble cytoplasmic protein in healthy cells to one that appears to have at least 3 helices inserted in the mitochondrial membrane in apoptotic cells. Youle and Strasser (2008) T ...
... BAX undergoes extensive conformational changes during the mitochondrial translocation process. The protein changes from a soluble cytoplasmic protein in healthy cells to one that appears to have at least 3 helices inserted in the mitochondrial membrane in apoptotic cells. Youle and Strasser (2008) T ...
lecture30.pps
... Teichoic acids on Gram-positive bacteria Such repeating patterns called PAMPS (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns) ...
... Teichoic acids on Gram-positive bacteria Such repeating patterns called PAMPS (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns) ...
Cell Communication
... acts as gate when receptor changes shape When signal molecule binds as a ligand to receptor, gate allows specific ions, such as Na+ or Ca2+, through a channel in receptor ...
... acts as gate when receptor changes shape When signal molecule binds as a ligand to receptor, gate allows specific ions, such as Na+ or Ca2+, through a channel in receptor ...
Receptors Functions and Signal Transduction- L4
... enzyme proteins that change metabolism. Each nuclear hormone receptor has 2 regions: A ligand (hormone)-binding domain. DNA-binding domain. Receptor must be activated by binding to hormone before binding to specific region of DNA called HRE (hormone responsive element). Located adjacent to gen ...
... enzyme proteins that change metabolism. Each nuclear hormone receptor has 2 regions: A ligand (hormone)-binding domain. DNA-binding domain. Receptor must be activated by binding to hormone before binding to specific region of DNA called HRE (hormone responsive element). Located adjacent to gen ...
Practice Questions
... In mammals, the cell cycle restriction point (or cell division commitment point) occurs at the end of _____G1_____ phase. As the cell passes the restriction point, ____Rb_______ is phosphorylated by Cyclin D-Cdk4/6 and Cyclin E-Cdk2, which releases the _____E2F________ transcription factor. ...
... In mammals, the cell cycle restriction point (or cell division commitment point) occurs at the end of _____G1_____ phase. As the cell passes the restriction point, ____Rb_______ is phosphorylated by Cyclin D-Cdk4/6 and Cyclin E-Cdk2, which releases the _____E2F________ transcription factor. ...
Cellular Metabolism Pathways
... Since its initial discovery as a proto-oncogene, the serine/threonine kinase Akt (also known as protein kinase B or PKB) has become a major focus of attention because of its critical regulatory role in diverse cellular processes, including cancer progression and insulin metabolism. The Akt cascade i ...
... Since its initial discovery as a proto-oncogene, the serine/threonine kinase Akt (also known as protein kinase B or PKB) has become a major focus of attention because of its critical regulatory role in diverse cellular processes, including cancer progression and insulin metabolism. The Akt cascade i ...
Endocrine system and Hormones Con`t Releasing hormones
... Protein hormones cannot cross the cell membrane. Their receptors are found on the outside of the cell. Once the hormone binds with the receptor it sets into motion a cascade that results in the formation of cAMP, the secondary messenger, which then triggers cell responses and changes. ...
... Protein hormones cannot cross the cell membrane. Their receptors are found on the outside of the cell. Once the hormone binds with the receptor it sets into motion a cascade that results in the formation of cAMP, the secondary messenger, which then triggers cell responses and changes. ...
Discussion Questions for first 2 weeks.
... Protein interaction energies are not predictable; still a framework to discuss the principles is important. When complexes contain more than two molecules that come together for function the interactions rationalize the biological control systems. One of the most studied and complicated signaling sy ...
... Protein interaction energies are not predictable; still a framework to discuss the principles is important. When complexes contain more than two molecules that come together for function the interactions rationalize the biological control systems. One of the most studied and complicated signaling sy ...
Read Jan 9, Discussion on Jan 11, two papers
... Protein interaction energies are not predictable; still a framework to discuss the principles is important. When complexes contain more than two molecules that come together for function the interactions rationalize the biological control systems. One of the most studied and complicated signaling sy ...
... Protein interaction energies are not predictable; still a framework to discuss the principles is important. When complexes contain more than two molecules that come together for function the interactions rationalize the biological control systems. One of the most studied and complicated signaling sy ...
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)/ Vasopressin
... The function of several hormones act on the kidneys and vascular system Also known as Arganine Vasopressin Produced by neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus Regulated by osmotic and volume stimuli Water deprivation increases osmolality of plasma which activates hypothalmic osmoreceptors ...
... The function of several hormones act on the kidneys and vascular system Also known as Arganine Vasopressin Produced by neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus Regulated by osmotic and volume stimuli Water deprivation increases osmolality of plasma which activates hypothalmic osmoreceptors ...
ppt.
... the resulting solution. For this reason, it is important to know what a solution is before attempting to understand how cells respond to changes in their environments. ...
... the resulting solution. For this reason, it is important to know what a solution is before attempting to understand how cells respond to changes in their environments. ...
Document
... • A bi-product of the glycolytic pathway is lactic acid – this lowers the extracellular pH so that it favours tumour cell proliferation AND it is toxic to normal cells. ...
... • A bi-product of the glycolytic pathway is lactic acid – this lowers the extracellular pH so that it favours tumour cell proliferation AND it is toxic to normal cells. ...
YODA-Mediated Growth Regulation in Brassinosteroid Signaling
... stomatal formation. Recent study indicates that brassinosteroid (BR) regulates stomatal development by a GSK3-like kinase BIN2-mediated inhibition of YODA MAP3K. Although homozygous CA-YODA mutant displays severe growth defects including dwarfism, which are most likely due to deficiency of photosynt ...
... stomatal formation. Recent study indicates that brassinosteroid (BR) regulates stomatal development by a GSK3-like kinase BIN2-mediated inhibition of YODA MAP3K. Although homozygous CA-YODA mutant displays severe growth defects including dwarfism, which are most likely due to deficiency of photosynt ...
igor_ontologies_pathways
... to know what are they involved it We want to measure the similarity between gene pairs ...
... to know what are they involved it We want to measure the similarity between gene pairs ...
THE CELL MEMBRANE Composition The cell membrane is a
... ● One the signal is inside the cell, the signal is carried by a second messenger. ○ The most common second messenger is cyclic AMP (cAMP). ● Notice that the ligand, the first messenger, never enters the cell. ● Three examples of cell surface receptors are ion channels receptors, Gproteincouple ...
... ● One the signal is inside the cell, the signal is carried by a second messenger. ○ The most common second messenger is cyclic AMP (cAMP). ● Notice that the ligand, the first messenger, never enters the cell. ● Three examples of cell surface receptors are ion channels receptors, Gproteincouple ...
Major Protein-sorting pathways in eukaryotic cells
... Major topological classes of integral membrane proteins synthesized on the rough ER ...
... Major topological classes of integral membrane proteins synthesized on the rough ER ...
Lecture # 15: The Endocrine System 2
... Oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone, releasing and inhibiting hormones, and anterior pituitary hormones. ...
... Oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone, releasing and inhibiting hormones, and anterior pituitary hormones. ...
Paracrine signalling
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells. Signaling molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance (local action), as opposed to endocrine factors (hormones which travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system), juxtacrine interactions, and autocrine signaling. Cells that produce paracrine factors secrete them into the immediate extracellular environment. Factors then travel to nearby cells in which the gradient of factor received determines the outcome. However, the exact distance that paracrine factors can travel is not certain.Although paracrine signaling elicits a diverse array of responses in the induced cells, most paracrine factors utilize a relatively streamlined set of receptors and pathways. In fact, different organs in the body -even between different species - are known to utilize a similar sets of paracrine factors in differential development. The highly conserved receptors and pathways can be organized into four major families based on similar structures: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily. Binding of a paracrine factor to its respective receptor initiates signal transduction cascades, eliciting different responses.