Molecular design of the photosystem II light
... a decrease in fluorescence yield (Mullet and Arntzen, 1980; Ruban et al., 1992), resulting from a decrease in excitation lifetime by non-radiative decay. Since, in vivo, the complexes also exist in an oligomeric state (Dekker et al., 1999; Ruban et al., 1999), it could be proposed that increased ene ...
... a decrease in fluorescence yield (Mullet and Arntzen, 1980; Ruban et al., 1992), resulting from a decrease in excitation lifetime by non-radiative decay. Since, in vivo, the complexes also exist in an oligomeric state (Dekker et al., 1999; Ruban et al., 1999), it could be proposed that increased ene ...
Peptide Repertoire Class I Molecule Q10 Binds a Classical The
... more, many of the class Ib molecules exist in soluble forms that are secreted into the serum and body fluids (5, 6). Recent studies of rodent and human members of class Ib families revealed remarkable diversity of their ligands, Ag-presenting capacities, and immune as well as nonimmune functions (7– ...
... more, many of the class Ib molecules exist in soluble forms that are secreted into the serum and body fluids (5, 6). Recent studies of rodent and human members of class Ib families revealed remarkable diversity of their ligands, Ag-presenting capacities, and immune as well as nonimmune functions (7– ...
Immersive Projection for Biochemical Pattern Matching
... Proteins are large organic compounds made up of amino acids. The latter are small molecules which have a central alpha carbon (Cα) linked to an amino group (NH2), carboxyl group (COOH), a hydrogen atom and a side chain (R group), as shown in Figure 1 (a). The naturally occurring 20 different amino a ...
... Proteins are large organic compounds made up of amino acids. The latter are small molecules which have a central alpha carbon (Cα) linked to an amino group (NH2), carboxyl group (COOH), a hydrogen atom and a side chain (R group), as shown in Figure 1 (a). The naturally occurring 20 different amino a ...
Carboxypeptidase A - Chemistry Courses: About
... the substrate, and the hydrolysis of longer substrates is not subject to large deviations from Michaelis-Menten kinetic^.^ The most rapidly cleaved substrates display values of Kc,.. near lo2 s-l for peptides and lo3 s-l for esters. The structure of the native enzyme has been determined by X-ray cry ...
... the substrate, and the hydrolysis of longer substrates is not subject to large deviations from Michaelis-Menten kinetic^.^ The most rapidly cleaved substrates display values of Kc,.. near lo2 s-l for peptides and lo3 s-l for esters. The structure of the native enzyme has been determined by X-ray cry ...
ENS’06 FUSION PHAGE AS A BIOSELECTIVE NANOMATERIAL: EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT
... Examples of a successful realization of this concept are listed in numerous reviews, for example [34-37]. In particular, it is commonly accepted that selectivity of drug delivery systems can be increased by their coupling with peptide and protein ligands targeted to differentially expressed receptor ...
... Examples of a successful realization of this concept are listed in numerous reviews, for example [34-37]. In particular, it is commonly accepted that selectivity of drug delivery systems can be increased by their coupling with peptide and protein ligands targeted to differentially expressed receptor ...
Selected reaction monitoring applied to proteomics
... experiments. As a matter of fact, the observability of a peptide in discovery experiments is largely related to the richness of the fragmentation pattern and the ability of the search engine to reliably assign the amino acid sequence. In contrast, peptides with fewer fragments, e.g. short amino acid ...
... experiments. As a matter of fact, the observability of a peptide in discovery experiments is largely related to the richness of the fragmentation pattern and the ability of the search engine to reliably assign the amino acid sequence. In contrast, peptides with fewer fragments, e.g. short amino acid ...
Transport of Storage Proteins to Protein Storage Vacuoles Is
... necessary for these pumpkin storage proteins to pass through the Golgi apparatus. In contrast to pumpkin seeds, castor bean seeds contain glycoproteins, ricin, and Ricinus communis agglutinin, with complex glycans. Previously, we reported that 11S globulin of the maturing endosperm of castor bean, l ...
... necessary for these pumpkin storage proteins to pass through the Golgi apparatus. In contrast to pumpkin seeds, castor bean seeds contain glycoproteins, ricin, and Ricinus communis agglutinin, with complex glycans. Previously, we reported that 11S globulin of the maturing endosperm of castor bean, l ...
Minireview
... fiber conformation. Significantly, the same conformation was adopted when nucleosome arrays were assembled with histone H1. Although the crystal structure demonstrated a zigzag structure for a compact tetranucleosome, the fine details of the structure are quite different and more complex than the o ...
... fiber conformation. Significantly, the same conformation was adopted when nucleosome arrays were assembled with histone H1. Although the crystal structure demonstrated a zigzag structure for a compact tetranucleosome, the fine details of the structure are quite different and more complex than the o ...
Population Biology of the First Replicators: On
... on the birth and death rates of the replicating molecule. Thus, with replication, natural selection and life-history evolution began. The genotype, or nucleotide sequence, of the replicating molecule gave rise to several phenotypic properties, the most important of which was its three-dimensional st ...
... on the birth and death rates of the replicating molecule. Thus, with replication, natural selection and life-history evolution began. The genotype, or nucleotide sequence, of the replicating molecule gave rise to several phenotypic properties, the most important of which was its three-dimensional st ...
Periplasmic folding factors in Gram-negative bacteria
... nutrients to enter and preventing toxic substances from doing so. In Gram-negative bacteria the cell envelope is responsible for determining which substances can enter the cell. It consists of two membranes, each with different selective permeability properties, and an aqueous space between the memb ...
... nutrients to enter and preventing toxic substances from doing so. In Gram-negative bacteria the cell envelope is responsible for determining which substances can enter the cell. It consists of two membranes, each with different selective permeability properties, and an aqueous space between the memb ...
Click Chemistry in Peptide-Based Drug Design
... Bock et al. reported the synthesis of triazole-containing analogues (5–7, Figure 2) of the naturally occurring tyrosinase inhibitor cyclo-[Pro-Val-Pro-Tyr] (4, Figure 2) and showed that the analogues retained enzyme inhibitory activity, demonstrating the effectiveness of a 1,4-connected 1,2,3-triazo ...
... Bock et al. reported the synthesis of triazole-containing analogues (5–7, Figure 2) of the naturally occurring tyrosinase inhibitor cyclo-[Pro-Val-Pro-Tyr] (4, Figure 2) and showed that the analogues retained enzyme inhibitory activity, demonstrating the effectiveness of a 1,4-connected 1,2,3-triazo ...
Basic Agricultural Chemistry - Macmillan Education South Africa
... Isotope: One or two or more atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers Matter: Any substance which has mass and occupies space Mixture: Two or more different substances not chemically combined Molecule: The smallest particle of a substance that retains the chemical and physical p ...
... Isotope: One or two or more atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers Matter: Any substance which has mass and occupies space Mixture: Two or more different substances not chemically combined Molecule: The smallest particle of a substance that retains the chemical and physical p ...
Theory and practice of size exclusion chromatography for
... porosity determines the achievable retention range for a given separation. Using currently available state-of-the-art columns, this maximum retention factor is around k* ∼ 1.6–1.8. These parameters – and the associated selectivity – can be altered by packing a column more densely (or decreasing part ...
... porosity determines the achievable retention range for a given separation. Using currently available state-of-the-art columns, this maximum retention factor is around k* ∼ 1.6–1.8. These parameters – and the associated selectivity – can be altered by packing a column more densely (or decreasing part ...
The Arabidopsis Rab5 Homologs Rha1 and Ara7 Localize to the
... role in vacuolar trafficking in plant cells. In this study, we investigated the localization of Rha1 and Ara7, two Arabidopsis proteins that have highly similar amino acid sequence homology to Rab5 in animal cells. Both Ara7 and Rha1 gave a punctate staining pattern and colocalized when transiently ...
... role in vacuolar trafficking in plant cells. In this study, we investigated the localization of Rha1 and Ara7, two Arabidopsis proteins that have highly similar amino acid sequence homology to Rab5 in animal cells. Both Ara7 and Rha1 gave a punctate staining pattern and colocalized when transiently ...
Prions: Infectious Proteins with Genetic Properties
... that the processes of PrP conformational conversion and aggregation are tightly related: the PrPC protein is converted into the PrPSc form concomitantly with its binding to the PrPSc oligomer [11]. Therefore, the process resembles crystallization where the PrPSc oligomers may be considered as crysta ...
... that the processes of PrP conformational conversion and aggregation are tightly related: the PrPC protein is converted into the PrPSc form concomitantly with its binding to the PrPSc oligomer [11]. Therefore, the process resembles crystallization where the PrPSc oligomers may be considered as crysta ...
Tertiary base pair interactions in slipped loop-DNA
... additional, tertiary miniduplex in the SLS. An all-atom stereochemically sound model has been developed for the SLS with the use of conformational calculations. The model building studies have demonstrated that the tertiary miniduplex can be formed for one of the plausible SLS isomers, but not for t ...
... additional, tertiary miniduplex in the SLS. An all-atom stereochemically sound model has been developed for the SLS with the use of conformational calculations. The model building studies have demonstrated that the tertiary miniduplex can be formed for one of the plausible SLS isomers, but not for t ...
Manipulation of Epitope Function by Modification of Peptide
... (HSV-1 and HSV-2), is one of the most common infectious agents in humans. Glycoprotein D represents a major immunogenic component of the virion envelope. Using prediction analysis of the sequence of gD from HSV-1 and synthetic peptide-conjugates with branched polypeptide poly[Lys(DL-Alam)], (AK) whe ...
... (HSV-1 and HSV-2), is one of the most common infectious agents in humans. Glycoprotein D represents a major immunogenic component of the virion envelope. Using prediction analysis of the sequence of gD from HSV-1 and synthetic peptide-conjugates with branched polypeptide poly[Lys(DL-Alam)], (AK) whe ...
Word - The Open University
... actin; in humans there are six principal isoforms, four of which are found in different types of muscle and the other two (β and γ) in all non-muscle cells. (The term ‘isoform’ describes variants of a protein. These may be produced by different genes, or by differential splicing of the mRNA, or be g ...
... actin; in humans there are six principal isoforms, four of which are found in different types of muscle and the other two (β and γ) in all non-muscle cells. (The term ‘isoform’ describes variants of a protein. These may be produced by different genes, or by differential splicing of the mRNA, or be g ...
www.xtremepapers.net
... –CH2CH(CH2CH2CH3)CH2CH(CH2CH2CH3)CH2– On average, the molecules of the medium-chain polymer contain 40 carbon atoms. (i) ...
... –CH2CH(CH2CH2CH3)CH2CH(CH2CH2CH3)CH2– On average, the molecules of the medium-chain polymer contain 40 carbon atoms. (i) ...
Microsoft Word
... affinity for the protein. Comparison of the Kas values for a series of structurally modified cap analogues enabled parsing of G into separate contributions from various stabilizing contacts inside the eIF4E cap-binding pocket [12]. Bearing in mind an approximate character of the approach due to la ...
... affinity for the protein. Comparison of the Kas values for a series of structurally modified cap analogues enabled parsing of G into separate contributions from various stabilizing contacts inside the eIF4E cap-binding pocket [12]. Bearing in mind an approximate character of the approach due to la ...
Biological Membrane Structure By Solid-State NMR
... and biological membranes. Different approaches have been developed to study these systems in which the restricted molecular motions result in broad NMR spectra. This contribution will first present an overview of the different techniques used to study lipid bilayers, namely 31P, 2H and 13C solid-sta ...
... and biological membranes. Different approaches have been developed to study these systems in which the restricted molecular motions result in broad NMR spectra. This contribution will first present an overview of the different techniques used to study lipid bilayers, namely 31P, 2H and 13C solid-sta ...
Prediction of protease substrates using sequence
... Datasets of known cleavage sequences were compiled for benchmarking, and all human proteome octapeptides with Asp in the fourth position were processed for the application step (Section 3). Comparative models were generated by the automated modeling pipeline ModPipe (Pieper et al., 2009), and only g ...
... Datasets of known cleavage sequences were compiled for benchmarking, and all human proteome octapeptides with Asp in the fourth position were processed for the application step (Section 3). Comparative models were generated by the automated modeling pipeline ModPipe (Pieper et al., 2009), and only g ...
Microtubules
... Electron micrographs show appendages that protrude from the outer surface at one end of a mature centriole, & fibrous structures connecting the two centriole cylinders. ...
... Electron micrographs show appendages that protrude from the outer surface at one end of a mature centriole, & fibrous structures connecting the two centriole cylinders. ...
Dual Location of the Mitochondrial Preprotein
... complex (Klodmann et al., 2011; Rode et al., 2011). A comparison of B14.7, Tim23-2, and yeast Tim23 shows that B14.7 is similar to yeast Tim23 in terms of overall characteristics and contains an Arg residue in the correct position of the PRAT consensus domain, G/AX2F/YX10RX3DX6G/A/SGX3G, compared wi ...
... complex (Klodmann et al., 2011; Rode et al., 2011). A comparison of B14.7, Tim23-2, and yeast Tim23 shows that B14.7 is similar to yeast Tim23 in terms of overall characteristics and contains an Arg residue in the correct position of the PRAT consensus domain, G/AX2F/YX10RX3DX6G/A/SGX3G, compared wi ...
Cyclol
The cyclol hypothesis is the first structural model of a folded, globular protein. It was developed by Dorothy Wrinch in the late 1930s, and was based on three assumptions. Firstly, the hypothesis assumes that two peptide groups can be crosslinked by a cyclol reaction (Figure 1); these crosslinks are covalent analogs of non-covalent hydrogen bonds between peptide groups. These reactions have been observed in the ergopeptides and other compounds. Secondly, it assumes that, under some conditions, amino acids will naturally make the maximum possible number of cyclol crosslinks, resulting in cyclol molecules (Figure 2) and cyclol fabrics (Figure 3). These cyclol molecules and fabrics have never been observed. Finally, the hypothesis assumes that globular proteins have a tertiary structure corresponding to Platonic solids and semiregular polyhedra formed of cyclol fabrics with no free edges. Such ""closed cyclol"" molecules have not been observed either.Although later data demonstrated that this original model for the structure of globular proteins needed to be amended, several elements of the cyclol model were verified, such as the cyclol reaction itself and the hypothesis that hydrophobic interactions are chiefly responsible for protein folding. The cyclol hypothesis stimulated many scientists to research questions in protein structure and chemistry, and was a precursor of the more accurate models hypothesized for the DNA double helix and protein secondary structure. The proposal and testing of the cyclol model also provides an excellent illustration of empirical falsifiability acting as part of the scientific method.