• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Chapter 12
Chapter 12

... • Mutations in the promoter are uninducible and cis-acting. • When mutant and wild-type subunits are present, a single lacI–d mutant subunit can inactivate a ...
Transfer RNA is highly unstable during early
Transfer RNA is highly unstable during early

... is strongly affected during oxidative stress (16). Together, these and other studies support a general view of dynamic control of both the production, modification, aminoacylation, and degradation of tRNAs, which serves to align the supply of aminoacylated tRNAs with the changing demands posed by th ...
Relació estructura-funció en la família de transportadors d'aminoàcids heteromultimèrics.
Relació estructura-funció en la família de transportadors d'aminoàcids heteromultimèrics.

... related to neurotransmission (the GABA transporter GAT1 and the glutamate transporter GLT-1), these data allowed microsequencing or generation of specific antibodies that have been used to isolate cDNA clones (184, 424). Alternative strategies and serendipity allowed the identification of up to 22 c ...
34750 - Radboud Repository
34750 - Radboud Repository

BH4 deficiency
BH4 deficiency

... retarded child’s urine → Folling analyzed the urine with various tests including the ferric chloride test (for aromatic hydroxyl groups, such as those in ketones): When ...
Coenzyme B 12-Dependent Ribonucleotide Reductase: Evidence
Coenzyme B 12-Dependent Ribonucleotide Reductase: Evidence

... cofactor. Recent cloning, sequencing, and expression of this protein [Booker, S., & Stubbe, J. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.90,8352-83561 have now allowed its characterization by site-directed mutagenesis. The present study focuses on the role of five cysteines postulated to be required for c ...
MS Word Version - Interactive Physiology
MS Word Version - Interactive Physiology

... • When there is excess base in the body, proteins release hydrogen ion from side chains that are weak acids. • Notice that the shape of the protein did not change much here because only small amounts of acid or base were added. If the pH increases or decreases too much, the proteins may become denat ...
MS Word Version
MS Word Version

... • When there is excess base in the body, proteins release hydrogen ion from side chains that are weak acids. • Notice that the shape of the protein did not change much here because only small amounts of acid or base were added. If the pH increases or decreases too much, the proteins may become denat ...
Ch. 3: Vitamins, Cofactors, Coenzymes, Enzymes
Ch. 3: Vitamins, Cofactors, Coenzymes, Enzymes

... Glossary ...
ANTIBIOTICS
ANTIBIOTICS

Responses of cows to abomasal infusion of lysine and methionine at
Responses of cows to abomasal infusion of lysine and methionine at

... M i l k and m i l k protein yields can be influenced by dietary means, including increasing the crude protein (CP) consumed by the cow. Such a response was achieved by increasing dietary CP up to 140 g/kg dry matter ( D M ) relative to diets deficient in CP (90 g/kg D M ) ; however, further increase ...
Novel Expression Pattern of Cytosolic Gln
Novel Expression Pattern of Cytosolic Gln

Online Counseling Resource YCMOU ELearning Drive…
Online Counseling Resource YCMOU ELearning Drive…

... lower the pKa of a Lysresidue, and a nearby negative charge can increase it.  Such effects sometimes result in a pKa that is shifted by several pH units from its value in the free amino acid.  In the enzyme acetoacetate decarboxylase, for example,one Lys residue has a pKa of 6.6 (compared with 10. ...
a study on the reaction mechanism of hardened cement chemically
a study on the reaction mechanism of hardened cement chemically

Chapter 2 Immobilization of Enzymes
Chapter 2 Immobilization of Enzymes

... covalent bonds is among the most widely used. An advantage of these methods is that, because of the stable nature of the bonds formed between enzyme and matrix, the enzyme is not released into the solution upon use. However, in order to achieve high levels of bound activity, the amino acid residues ...
Possible Involvement of Hydrosulfide in B12
Possible Involvement of Hydrosulfide in B12

... group derived from carbon dioxide, acetate, or methanol is transferred to the sulfur atom of derived from carbon dioxide, acetate, or methanol is transferred to the sulfur atom of Coenzyme M and Coenzyme M and ultimately becomes methane; in acetogenic anaerobes, the methyl group derived ultimately b ...
Bioretrosynthetic Construction of a Non
Bioretrosynthetic Construction of a Non

... I would be completely remiss if I did not thank two teachers in particular that first inspired and cultivated my interest in science. Pursuing a career in science has been a goal of mine ever since high school. I can attribute the major influence for that decision to my Advanced Placement Chemistry ...
Limonene_Synthase-Plant Physiol.-1999-Turner-879-86
Limonene_Synthase-Plant Physiol.-1999-Turner-879-86

... Pérez et al., 1990; Soler et al., 1992). Finally, the labeling patterns of several monoterpenes derived from exogenous [13C]Glc are consistent with their origin via the mevalonate-independent pathway (Eisenreich et al., 1997; Adam et al., 1998), an isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway known to operate i ...
High-resolution analysis of metabolic cycles in the intertidal mussel
High-resolution analysis of metabolic cycles in the intertidal mussel

... our data revealed that glucose abundance generally declined during low tide (Fig. 2B). The other anaerobic pathway in mussels is the reduction of aspartate, resulting in the formation of succinate and alanine via glutamate, and the abundance of these three metabolites was cyclical, with alanine and ...
Caffeine and related purine alkaloids: Biosynthesis, catabolism
Caffeine and related purine alkaloids: Biosynthesis, catabolism

... several theobromine-accumulating plants including cacao (Yoneyama et al., 2006). The recombinant enzymes derived from these genes have only 3-N-methyltransferase activity. Therefore, in these theobromine-accumulating plants, specific theobromine synthases are present. Caffeine does not occur in C. pti ...
Caffeine and related purine alkaloids: Biosynthesis, catabolism
Caffeine and related purine alkaloids: Biosynthesis, catabolism

... several theobromine-accumulating plants including cacao (Yoneyama et al., 2006). The recombinant enzymes derived from these genes have only 3-N-methyltransferase activity. Therefore, in these theobromine-accumulating plants, specific theobromine synthases are present. Caffeine does not occur in C. pti ...
Studies on the key amino acid residues responsible for the alkali
Studies on the key amino acid residues responsible for the alkali

... bond network formed in the catalytic active center. The replacement of the uncharged Asn residue by the positively charged Lys or Arg residue made the xylanase activity completely lost, while by the negatively charged Asp residue largely decreased the xylanase activity and made the xylanase activity ...
Document
Document

... obtained. Brain, pituitary, gill, heart, liver, stomach, kidney, spleen, muscle and gonad tissues were analyzed from both male and female adult yellow perch for sex-specific tissue expression. The full length cDNA of yellow perch PRL consists of 2306 bp and PRL expression was highest in the yellow p ...
Minimal metabolic pathway structure is consistent with
Minimal metabolic pathway structure is consistent with

... same transcription factor (TF). We compared MinSpan pathways to PPI and genetic interactions in S. cerevisiae and the TRN of E. coli as the datasets are most complete for those particular organisms (Fig 2C). By testing for significant Spearman correlation coefficients of cooccurrence or co-absence o ...
MCAD - MSOE Center for BioMolecular Modeling
MCAD - MSOE Center for BioMolecular Modeling

... Intermolecular Interactions Modeled in MCAD, FAD and ETF MCAD Active Site: Glu376, Glu199, Leu103, Ser142, Met249, Asp253, Arg388 Folding of MCAD: 2 Dimers Combine: Arg28:A and Glu86:D Tetramer: Lys304, Glu300, Gln342, Asp346, Arg383 ...
< 1 ... 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 ... 622 >

Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report