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Digestion & absorption of carbs & proteins
Digestion & absorption of carbs & proteins

... dipeptidase (dipeptides) ...
The Biochrom 30 series of Amino Acid Analysers
The Biochrom 30 series of Amino Acid Analysers

... Acids detected 5 urea, 6 aspartic acid, 7 hydroxyproline, 8 methionine sulfoxide, 9 threonine, 10 serine, 11 asparagine, 12 glutamic acid, 13 glutamine, 14 sarcosine, 15 α-aminoadipic acid, 16 proline, 17 glycine, 18 alanine, 19 citrulline, 20 α-aminobutyric acid, 21 valine, 22 homocysteine, 23 homo ...
Microbiology: A Systems Approach, 2nd ed.
Microbiology: A Systems Approach, 2nd ed.

... allows the cell to recover significant amounts of energy – Fermentation: when facultative and aerotolerant anaerobes use only the glycolysis scheme to incompletely oxidize glucose – Aerobic respiration: When oxygen is used as the final electron acceptor at the end of the respiration scheme to produc ...
fermentations
fermentations

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9) Several oxygen saturation curves are shown in the figure below

... this pH range is due to which amino acid? A) amino acid #1 B) amino acid #2 C) amino acid #3 D) amino acid #4 E) amino acid #5 4) Which of the primary amino acids in the molecule can undergo post-translational modification to give rise to a secondary amino acid? A) amino acid #1 B) amino acid #2 C) ...
Foundations in Microbiology
Foundations in Microbiology

... to another by transferring an amino group 3. Phosphotransferases – transfer phosphate groups, involved in energy transfer 4. Methyltransferases – move methyl groups from one molecule to another 5. Decarboxylases – remove carbon dioxide from organic acids ...
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File

... Outline the use of carbohydrates and lipids in energy storage. lipids have more / twice the energy content per unit mass of carbohydrates; energy stored as glycogen in animals / fungus; glycogen / carbohydrates used for short-term energy storage; glycogen converted to glucose when energy is required ...
Who wants to be a Physiology Millionaire?
Who wants to be a Physiology Millionaire?

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carbohydrate metabolism
carbohydrate metabolism

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Organic Compounds
Organic Compounds

... complicated carbon compounds found in cells • German chemists in the 1800’s learned how to do this in the lab, showing that “organic” compounds can be created by non-organic means. • Today, organic compounds are those that contain carbon. (with a few exceptions such as carbon dioxide and diamonds) ...
How do bacteria respond to their environment?
How do bacteria respond to their environment?

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Foreign Body Response
Foreign Body Response

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Ch1_2
Ch1_2

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Nutritional Control of Cell Division in a Species of Erwinia
Nutritional Control of Cell Division in a Species of Erwinia

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biochem

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macromolecule webquest
macromolecule webquest

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Chapter 5 Structure and Function of Macromolecules
Chapter 5 Structure and Function of Macromolecules

... Lipids with special carbon skeleton Four fused ______________ ƒ Different functional groups ...
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ch.6
ch.6

... • Protein molecule contains elements of C, H, O,N, S, and P together with traces of Fe, Cu, I, Mn, and Zn. • It has a molecular weight of 5,000 to 3,000,000 • They are the most important of the biologic substances being the fundamental constituent of cell ...
Organic Chemistry Notes Powerpoint
Organic Chemistry Notes Powerpoint

... Proteins(examples of R-Groups) There are 20 different amino acids found in nature.Different proteins are determined by the type of amino acids connected together. All amino acids are the same except for the R-group. The R-group gives the amino acids different properties. ...
Proteins : Structure & Function
Proteins : Structure & Function

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Four Types of Organic Molecules
Four Types of Organic Molecules

... Condensation (Dehydration) Monomers are linked together to form polymers through dehydration reactions, which remove water This process is called dehydration because water is removed Monomers are linked together by covalent bonds ...
BIOL 101 Cellular Respiration I. Organic Molecules A. Energy input
BIOL 101 Cellular Respiration I. Organic Molecules A. Energy input

... 2. reducing power B. Energy retrieval 1. strip away electrons from chemical bonds 2. oxidation of food molecules - cellular respiration - 2 step process (remove e- then use) II. Glycolysis (first step) - in cytoplasm A. Splitting of glucose 1. 9 enzyme-catalyzed reactions 2. glucose → two 3-C molecu ...
Topic 4 - FSU Biology
Topic 4 - FSU Biology

... 5. Be able to tell whether a particular amino acid is non-polar, polar or electrically charged. 6. Understand the four basic levels of protein structure and the importance of weak bonds in stabilizing secondary through quaternary structure. Be able to describe what happens during protein denaturatio ...
Topic 4: BIOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT ORGANIC MOLECULES
Topic 4: BIOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT ORGANIC MOLECULES

... 5. Be able to tell whether a particular amino acid is non-polar, polar or electrically charged. 6. Understand the four basic levels of protein structure and the importance of weak bonds in stabilizing secondary through quaternary structure. Be able to describe what happens during protein denaturatio ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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