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Name Date Ch 3. Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
Name Date Ch 3. Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

04. Introduction to metabolism
04. Introduction to metabolism

... • Metabolite early in the pathway activates an enzyme further down the pathway ...
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AP Biology Chapter 5 Notes

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Amino Acids And Protein Ppt - GCG-42
Amino Acids And Protein Ppt - GCG-42

N-fluoroacetylglucosamine. This substance is known
N-fluoroacetylglucosamine. This substance is known

... packaged for secretion. Only a few glycosyltransferases have been solubilized and purified. Bovine submaxillary-gland glycoproteins have been found to be synthesized in subcellular membranes by the following sequence of reactions (Schauer & Wember, 1971; fundamentally the same was observed with the ...
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VEN124 Section I

... – Water availability ...
Amino Acids And Protein Ppt
Amino Acids And Protein Ppt

... • N.B. Proline is an imino acid not amino acid (see latter) Classification of amino acids I- Chemical classification: According to number of COOH and NH2 groups i.e. according to net charge on amino acid. A- Monobasic, monocarboxylic amino acids i.e. neutral or ...
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... • Association of apolar groups/molecules in water results in the release of water molecules that surround the apolar surface in a stiff, ice-like structure. • The released water molecules have more possibilities to interact with other water molecules in solution. • This results in an increase of the ...
2.3.3 Protein and amino acid metabolism
2.3.3 Protein and amino acid metabolism

... enzymes. Glucagon can also regulate the catabolism of a variety of amino acids, as evidenced by the generalized hypoaminoacidaemia in patients suffering from glucagonoma. A variety of mechanisms prevent the depletion of amino acids, in particular the essential amino acids. Many enzymes that initiate ...
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Pentose phosphate pathway = PPP Pentose phosphate cycle

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Biomolecule 20 Questions
Biomolecule 20 Questions

... A) their intestinal tract contains cellulose-hydrolyzing microorganisms. B) they produce the enzymes that break down cellulose. C) they convert cellulose into starch, which is easily broken down in the intestinal tract. D) they chew their food so thoroughly that cellulose fibers are broken down. ...
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ijbbjune2k2

... Amino acid uptake and utilization of various nitrogen sources (amino acids, nitrite, nitrate and ammonia) were studied in Nostoc ANTH and its mutant (Het-Nif-) isolate defective in heterocyst formation and N2-fixation. Both parent and its mutant grew at the expense of glutamine, asparagine and argin ...
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... The detoxification system of the body consists of three phases that process toxins for excretion from the body. The Phase I detoxification pathway is responsible for breaking fat-soluble toxins down and then sending the metabolites to the Phase II detoxification pathways, which builds new substances fr ...
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清华大学本科生考试试题专用纸

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Problem Set 3
Problem Set 3

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Separation and analysis of amino acids

... In humans, non-protein amino acids also have biologically-important roles. • Glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate are neurotransmitters and many amino acids are used to synthesize other molecules, for example: • Tryptophan is a precursor of the neurotransmitter seretonin. • Glycine is a pr ...
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Bacterial identification and antibiotic sensitivity

...  Any change from green is considered positive for Dulcitol OR Phenylalanine; NOT both. If the compartment remains green then it is negative for both.  Dulcitol (sugar): yellow/golden media color change indicates a positive result  Phenylalanine (amino acid): black/smoky grey color change indicate ...
biomolecules
biomolecules

... but does not show the bonds, sizes of atoms or shape of the molecule 2. structural formulas – shows arrangement of all atoms and bonds in the molecule, but not the actual shape of the molecule or sizes of atoms and larger molecules can be difficult to draw 3. skeletal structure – simply shows arrang ...
LCHS Biology Quizdom Review
LCHS Biology Quizdom Review

... 5. During protein synthesis, how much DNA is unzipped in order to code for the mRNA strand? A) Only one gene B) Several genes C) The entire DNA strand D) All of the above ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e

... ‘Non-standard’ amino acids Amino acid ionization Formation of the peptide bond Disulfide bonds Comparing protein sequences to describe evolutionary processes. ...
Parenteral Alimentation in Surgery
Parenteral Alimentation in Surgery

... Too frequently it is considered an enemy rather than an essential to normal metabolism. For example, it is a precursor to bile acids, a precursor to steroid hormones, a regulator of cell permeability, an insulator for axons, and perhaps has other important functions. Just why chole terol is found wi ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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