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MicroRNA Regulatory Patterns on the Human Metabolic Network
MicroRNA Regulatory Patterns on the Human Metabolic Network

... their associated enzymes, genes and metabolites within human metabolism and then constructed a reaction-centric network, in which we joined the reactions that share a common metabolite as either a product or reactant. In the network one node represents one or a set of genes that encode the enzymes t ...
Energy metabolism in the mantle muscle of the squid
Energy metabolism in the mantle muscle of the squid

Enzyme Mechanisms - Illinois Institute of Technology
Enzyme Mechanisms - Illinois Institute of Technology

... (d) They would all bind equally well ...
Enzyme Mechanisms - Illinois Institute of Technology
Enzyme Mechanisms - Illinois Institute of Technology

... Note that Km is often ~ [S]. If that isn’t true, maybe you’re looking at the non-physiological substrate! Think about what’s really present in the ...
Document
Document

... Note that Km is often ~ [S]. If that isn’t true, maybe you’re looking at the non-physiological substrate! Think about what’s really present in the ...
SAMHD1 is a single-stranded nucleic acid
SAMHD1 is a single-stranded nucleic acid

... Electrophoretic mobility shift assays were performed under the same binding conditions used for the fluorescence anisotropy measurements, except that a final concentration of 10% glycerol was added. Binding reactions were prepared, allowed to react for 1 min, then loaded in the wells of a 5% acrylam ...
Microbial Metabolism Lecture 4
Microbial Metabolism Lecture 4

... a number of different, again, components. And then down to ATP, they’re gonna produce varies from 2 to 34. So again, it just depends on the organism itself. Fermentation, again no electron transport chain. We’re gonna go from glucose to pyruvate, and then that pyruvate is converted into lactic acid ...
Separation Technique for the Determination of Highly Polar
Separation Technique for the Determination of Highly Polar

... hence provide an opportunity to develop predictive biomarkers that could result in earlier intervention and provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of diseases. The primary goal of metabolomics analysis is the unbiased relative quantification of every metabolite in a biological system. Organic ...
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

... and Aerobic Respiration • All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or ace ...
Citric Acid Cycle - BYU
Citric Acid Cycle - BYU

... another loss of CO2.  This reaction is  very complex and is similar to the  reaction that converts pyruvate to  acetly CoA.   NADH is produced.    ...
Lecture 2- G6PD_Deficiency
Lecture 2- G6PD_Deficiency

... By the end of this lecture, the student should be able to understand: •The biochemical basis of G6PD deficiency anemia •The precipitating factors for G6PD deficiency anemia •Classes of G6PD deficiency anemia (variant enzyme) •Diagnosis of G6PD deficiency anemia ...
biosynthesis of fatty acids - Academic Research Collections
biosynthesis of fatty acids - Academic Research Collections

... helps in the diagnosis and degree of various tissue disorders. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) has five isoenzyme forms, of which LDH1 and LDH2 levels in the serum increase following a myocardial infarction (heart attack). Due to the knowledge of enzyme inhibition, it has become possible to treat variou ...
Cloning and sequencing of the kedarcidin biosynthetic
Cloning and sequencing of the kedarcidin biosynthetic

... antibiotic in 1992.1–5 The KED apoprotein primary sequence of 114 amino acids was determined by Edman degradation2 (Fig. S1, ESI†), and the solution structure solved by NMR spectroscopy.3 The structure of the KED chromophore was first established on the basis of an extensive spectroscopic analysis i ...
Correlation between the respiration-driven Na+ pump
Correlation between the respiration-driven Na+ pump

... (mg protein)-'. Assuming that the internal cell volume is similar to that of V. costicola [3 pl (mg protein)-'] (Udagawa et al., 1986), the intracellular concentration of AIB was calculated to be 33 mM, which was 330-fold higher than that of the external medium. When 100 mM unlabelled AIB was added ...
Biologically Active Oxylipins from Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic
Biologically Active Oxylipins from Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic

... oxygenation position, mainly catalyzed by LOX, and the variability of the downstream reactions. Nevertheless, a very limited number of genome sequences and, therefore, of enzymes related to oxylipin pathways, is yet available, making the source of these abundant oxylipins in algae a puzzle. A cDNA c ...
Document
Document

... The carbonyl group at the end of the side chain is activated by a reaction that requires ATP and coenzyme A. The acyl CoA derivatives can react with either glycine or taurine, forming amides that are known as the conjugated bile salts. The bile acids conjugated with glycine have a pK of about 4, so ...
physiological reviews
physiological reviews

... In the courseof these processesthe food substancesare transformed into compounds with high energy bonds (I) which can contribute to the pool of pyrophosphate nucleotides. In theselatter compoundsenergy is stored in a form immediately available for the purpose of biosynthetic or mechanical work. Oxid ...
Title Biotin Biosynthesis in Microorganisms (Commemoration Issue
Title Biotin Biosynthesis in Microorganisms (Commemoration Issue

... acid (DAPA) as well as biotin. As shown in Table I, on addition of pimelic acid to the medium of Bacillus sphaericus,20 to 200 ,ug/ml of total biotin were accumulated. This is several hundred times more than has hitherto been reported in microorganisms.19) The main component of the biotin-vitamers f ...
CHAPTER 25
CHAPTER 25

... How many times do dietary triacylglycerols undergo hydrolysis before they become available for use by cells? a) one b) two c) three d) four ...
High pKa variability of cysteine residues in structural databases and
High pKa variability of cysteine residues in structural databases and

... any other structure in the dataset) were kept; (iii) only protein with more than 100 and less than 1000 amino acids were considered. Among the PDB entries passing these filters (circa 13000, as of April 2013), 750 structures were randomly selected for further analysis, containing a total number of 4 ...
Metabolic profiling during nutrient limited growth in bakers` yeast
Metabolic profiling during nutrient limited growth in bakers` yeast

... limitation was an amino acid (Figure 4A, top left quadrant). Amino acids are linked to ammonium via glutamine (produced by reaction of ammonia with glutamate) or glutamate (produced by reaction of ammonia with α-ketoglutarate). Glutamine, but not glutamate, was identified as potentially growth-limit ...
Formate Dehydrogenase, Molecular Modeling and Docking with
Formate Dehydrogenase, Molecular Modeling and Docking with

Identification of prokaryotic homologues indicates an endosymbiotic
Identification of prokaryotic homologues indicates an endosymbiotic

... Long thought to be specific to higher plants, AOX is now turning up also in many non-photosynthetic eukaryotes. It plays an important role in maintaining redox balance in blood stream-forms of trypanosomes (Chaudhuri et al., 1995). Cyanide-resistant respiration is also common among various lineages ...
Hydrothermal experiments in the system citric acid, H2O-( FeS)
Hydrothermal experiments in the system citric acid, H2O-( FeS)

... RCC might have provided an ignition point. Therein lies the basis of an experimental program, i.e., establishing the chemical reactions intrinsic to aqueous conditions that may have provided the foundations for the origin of life. Any experimental approach directed toward identifying a likely igniti ...
APPLICATION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA TO CONTROL
APPLICATION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA TO CONTROL

... compared to other isolates of LAB from different sources, despite they produced higher lactic acid (Lie, 1995). As well as with strain of L. Plantarum isolated from fish sauce which produced lactic acid at 0.961% on day-3 of incubation was also able to inhibit S. Typhimurium effectively. It seemed t ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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