• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Specificity prediction of adenylation domains in nonribosomal
Specificity prediction of adenylation domains in nonribosomal

Protein folding: looping from hydrophobic nuclei.
Protein folding: looping from hydrophobic nuclei.

... interactions, that is interactions between ends of loops, substantially larger than standard 25-30 residue size. On the other hand, some end-to-end contacts may involve also polar residues. Such sites would not appear as hydrophobic ones, though they may well correspond to strong contacts if van-der ...
An Enhanced System for Unnatural Amino Acid
An Enhanced System for Unnatural Amino Acid

... but not any of the host organism's endogenous tRNAs; similarly, the orthogonal tRNA is not aminoacylated by any endogenous aaRS. This lack of crossreactivity ensures that the unnatural amino acid is incorporated with high fidelity only in response to the nonsense or frameshift codon12 and that no en ...
Word - ASDL Community
Word - ASDL Community

PDF Full-text
PDF Full-text

... parameters: ion spray voltage 3000 V; auxiliary gas temperature 580 ˝ C; curtain gas, nebulizer gas, and auxiliary gas 20, 70, and 70 arbitrary units, respectively; collision gas medium; entrance potential 10 V; declustering potential 20 V; collision energy 30 V; collision cell exit potential 5 V. Q ...
Activity 2.2.3 The Biochemistry of Food
Activity 2.2.3 The Biochemistry of Food

... to form a disaccharide. Note that the prefix di refers to two. Hint: You may have to remove pieces. If you remove pieces, remember to link them following the four basic rules. Note that there are two ways for monosaccharides to come together. Both are correct and both can be found in the same polysa ...
2.6 Non-aqueous titration
2.6 Non-aqueous titration

... bases include amines, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, quarternary ammonium compounds, alkali salts of organic acids, alkali salts of inorganic acids, and some salts of amines. Many salts of halogen acids may be titrated in acetic acid or acetic anhydride after the addition of mercuric ac ...
Enzymes, ATP and Bioenergetics
Enzymes, ATP and Bioenergetics

... molecules per second), because cells contain millions of biochemical catalysts. Most of these are proteins called enzymes (recall that proteins are polymers composed of amino acids). Enzymes are typically globular in form and often contain multiple polypeptides (are proteins with both tertiary and q ...
Hydrolysed feather protein 1212F
Hydrolysed feather protein 1212F

... In the tested hydrolysed feather protein standard, the apparent digestibility of crude protein was 55 % (table 2), while the true digestibility was 59 %. In vitro digestibility of crude protein was 91 %. The digestibility of crude fat was 82 %. Digestibility of amino acids for hydrolysed feather pro ...
Chapter 7: Recent advances in enzyme technology
Chapter 7: Recent advances in enzyme technology

... normally transferring a moiety to the acceptor, water. Water is normally present in a vast molar excess over other potential acceptor molecules so no reaction occurs other than hydrolysis. Also, the normal 'concentration' of water (about 55.5 M) is much greater than its typical Km (about 50 mM) and ...
Ribonucleotide Metabolism
Ribonucleotide Metabolism

Document
Document

... e.g. enzymes, transport proteins, antibodies insulin, structural proteins, regulatory proteins, hair, flagella, viral protein coat ...
Symmetries by base substitutions in the genetic code - HAL
Symmetries by base substitutions in the genetic code - HAL

... In this letter we have described new symmetries by base substitutions in the genetic code for partitions concerning the codon degeneracy level or the tRNA-aminoacylation class. Several evolutionary models have been proposed concerning tRNAs and their aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (Martinez Gimenez and ...
Oils and Fats
Oils and Fats

... 2- S.V. Is useful in the identification of oils and fats. ...
VITAMINS-6
VITAMINS-6

... • Coenzyme for methionine synthase • Methylcobalamin is required for the function of methionine synthase ...
Blood Glucose
Blood Glucose

... Mechanism of action: • Insulin acts on insulin receptor (2 subunits, alpha and beta subunits). • It is a tyrosine kinase i.e. functions as an enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to tyrosine residues on intracellular target proteins. • Binding of insulin to the alpha subunits causes th ...
Growth final1 - TOP Recommended Websites
Growth final1 - TOP Recommended Websites

... Measuring bacterial mass (live + dead) in liquid culture ...
Computational protein design enables a novel one
Computational protein design enables a novel one

... activate formate to formyl-CoA, reducing the thermodynamic barrier for the reduction to FALD by NADH (Fig. 1D). No enzymes are known to carry out this reaction, but acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS) carries out a similar reaction with a related compound, acetate (Fig. 1B), and the differences between format ...
book ppt - Castle High School
book ppt - Castle High School

... • Messenger RNA (mRNA) and transcription—carries copy of a DNA sequence to the site of protein synthesis at the ribosome • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and translation— catalyzes peptide bonds between amino acids • Transfer RNA (tRNA) mediates between mRNA and protein—carries amino acids for polypeptide ass ...
12_ Nucleic Acids
12_ Nucleic Acids

... 1953. This was perhaps the greatest discovery of modern biology and one of the most remarkable and profound events in the history of science. Watson and Crick concluded that DNA is a double helix containing two polynucleotide strands wound as if around a central axis. A good analogy would be to thin ...
Enzymes
Enzymes

... The reaction catalyzed by lysozyme is the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond of the (NAM-NAG)n heteropolymer that is the backbone of the bacterial cell wall. The enzyme is specific for NAMNAG glycosidic bonds (β-1,4 conformation). ...
POLYPEPTIDE SEQUENCING
POLYPEPTIDE SEQUENCING

... Acidic conditions generally destroy fewer amino acids totally and so is preferred to alkaline hydrolysis. ...
12.1 Components of Nucleic Acids
12.1 Components of Nucleic Acids

... 1953. This was perhaps the greatest discovery of modern biology and one of the most remarkable and profound events in the history of science. Watson and Crick concluded that DNA is a double helix containing two polynucleotide strands wound as if around a central axis. A good analogy would be to thin ...
Chapter 25 Chapter Topics Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
Chapter 25 Chapter Topics Fatty Acid Biosynthesis

... • First committed step to isoprenoid synthesis • Site of regulation of sterol synthesis. • Phosphorylation by a specific kinase inhibits • The kinase is activated by phosphorylation • (See Fig 25.33) ...
Chapter 10 DNA to Protein
Chapter 10 DNA to Protein

... • Messenger RNA (mRNA) and transcription—carries copy of a DNA sequence to the site of protein synthesis at the ribosome • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and translation— catalyzes peptide bonds between amino acids • Transfer RNA (tRNA) mediates between mRNA and protein—carries amino acids for polypeptide ass ...
< 1 ... 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 ... 622 >

Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report