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... For any acutely sick child where metabolic disease is part of the differential diagnosis Obtain bloods BEFORE you commence treatment. Note - you will get the best out of these tests if you contact the laboratory when you suspect metabolic disease. Some of these tests have long turnaround times - if ...
Discovery of Enzymes
Discovery of Enzymes

... Discovery of Enzymes 1825 Jon Jakob Berzelius discovered the catalytic effect of enzymes. 1926 James Sumner isolated the first enzyme in pure form. 1947 Northrup and Stanley together with Sumner were awarded the Nobel prize for the isolation of the enzyme pepsin. ...
ABBREVIATIONS IN ASPET JOURNALS
ABBREVIATIONS IN ASPET JOURNALS

AP Biology - TeacherWeb
AP Biology - TeacherWeb

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biochemistry-tic-tac-toe
biochemistry-tic-tac-toe

... Ms. Akers Tic-Tac-Toe Biochemistry Project Choose three assignments to complete. The 3 assignments you choose must make a tic-tac-toe on the board. Grades will be based on the rubric fond on the back of this sheet. ...
Cyanobactins from cyanobacteria: genetic and chemical current
Cyanobactins from cyanobacteria: genetic and chemical current

... modifications (RiPPs) that can be generally defined as cyclic peptides containing modifications, which include azole/azoline rings, D-sterocenters and in some cases, prenyl groups [1]. These compounds can be produced by distinct cyanobacteria strains through a pathway recently assigned as post-ribos ...
Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate
Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate

LABORATORY 2: ENZYME CATALYSIS
LABORATORY 2: ENZYME CATALYSIS

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genetic code: a new understanding of codon
genetic code: a new understanding of codon

... realization of first four words (0. UUU, 1. UUC, 2. UUA, 3. UUG) on the binarycode tree and/or in GCT (cf. Rumer’s and Shcherbak’s idea about the four-codon AAs in next Section). The sum of their ordinal numbers equals 6, which is the first perfect number. After the realization of first eight words ...
Quiz - Columbus Labs
Quiz - Columbus Labs

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Use of Amino Acid-Nucleotide Base Pair Potentials in Screening
Use of Amino Acid-Nucleotide Base Pair Potentials in Screening

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Document
Document

Document
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... Proteins – General: • > 50 AA • Linus Pauling – 1954 Nobel Prize  α-helix and β-pleated sheet • Fredrick Sanger – 1958  Primary structure of beef insulin ...
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS: TRANSLATION AND
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS: TRANSLATION AND

... nucleotide sequence of the mRNA. The protein is often then matured or processed by a variety of modifications. These may target it to a specific intracellular location or for secretion from the cell, or they may modulate its activity or function. These complex processes are carried out with consider ...


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Non-protein Nitrogen Compounds
Non-protein Nitrogen Compounds

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... Ammonia is a very toxic substance, and usually excreted in the form of urea. Metabolic disorders that arise from abnormal function of enzymes Of urea synthesis (urea cycle) are fatal and cause coma “due to ATP depletion”, specially when ammonia concentration is high. High concentration of ammonia se ...
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... “pull” electrons so that the overall process is spontaneous. 16. In oxidative phosphorylation, NADH + H+ (or FADH2) is oxidized, i.e. it loses electrons. ADP is phosphorylated and thereby converted to ATP. 17. ΔE°’ = E°’ (e- acceptor) – E°’ (e- donor) = 0.815 V – (-0.219V) = 1.034V ΔG°’ = -n F ΔE°’ ...
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The Incorporation of Glycerol and Lysine into the Lipid Fraction of

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Muscle Tissue C1

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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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