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Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

... germicidal activity to gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus [3,4]. In addition, they have antifungal activity against Leptosphaeria maculans, which causes black root rot of canola [5]. The amino acid chain of fusaricidin is not ribosomally synthesized by encoding, as are other genera ...
The Metabolism of the Amino Acids of Escherichia
The Metabolism of the Amino Acids of Escherichia

... In many of the experiments to be reported below the specific action of a free 12Camino acid on the incorporation of 14Cfrom Escherichia coli labelled with the 14Cform of that amino acid was investigated, and it was therefore fxst necessary to study the action of amino acids on the engulfment of unif ...
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No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... Metabolism in Plants, Journal of Experimental Botany – in preparation ...
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Chapter-14 - NCERT Help

Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Pathways in Methylomicrobium buryatense
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Pathways in Methylomicrobium buryatense

... biotechnological conversion of natural or biogas into high-added-value products. Haloalcaliphilic methanotrophic bacteria belonging to the genus Methylomicrobium are among the most promising strains for methane-based biotechnology, providing easy and inexpensive cultivation, rapid growth, and the av ...
Nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of pepper mild mottle
Nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of pepper mild mottle

... corresponding proteins of ToMV and TMV, respectively. The 126K and 183K proteins are thought to be involved in viral replication because they have been detected in partially purified preparations of the viral polymerase complex and because they contain several sequence motifs which are conserved in ...
L. LEWIS ACID CATALYSIS
L. LEWIS ACID CATALYSIS

... Twenty amino acids is not enough. The breadth of chemistry handled by enzymes requires that additional chemical species be employed in catalysis. So-called cofactors are non-amino acid components of enzymes that may be either associated or bonded to proteins and contribute to rate acceleration. Roug ...
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Course Home - Haldia Institute of Technology
Course Home - Haldia Institute of Technology

... Module I (10L): Introduction to Biochemistry. Proteins and protein structures; Essential amino acids. Metabolism of proteins (digestion and absorption); Nitrogen balance and nitrogen pool; Evaluation of quality of proteins Module II (10L): Enzymes; Definition, function, classification, nomenclature ...
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Lecture 25 Cofactors and Coenzymes
Lecture 25 Cofactors and Coenzymes

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Membrane Vesicles Isolated from Sugar Beet Leaves

... was investigated. The transport of alanine, leucine, glutamine, glutamate, isoleucine, and arginine was driven by a trans-membrane proton concentration difference. ApH-Dependent alanine, leucine, glutamine, and glutamate transport exhibited simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and double-reciprocal plo ...
ANN 303 PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL NUTRITION (A)
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... animal tissues. Not all components will be usable nutrient, although some food of animal origin such as fish meal, meat meal, milk e.t.c are utilized in limited amount hence animals will have to depend heavily on plant products and their by-products. The study of plant nutrition is important because ...
Protein Structure - Laboratory of Molecular Modelling
Protein Structure - Laboratory of Molecular Modelling

... between proteins are >30%) – Superfamily – based on probable evolutionary origin (low sequence identity but common structure/function features – Fold – based on major structural similarity (major secondary structures in same arrangement and topology provides detailed evolutionary information manual ...
Protein Structure
Protein Structure

... between proteins are >30%) – Superfamily – based on probable evolutionary origin (low sequence identity but common structure/function features – Fold – based on major structural similarity (major secondary structures in same arrangement and topology provides detailed evolutionary information manual ...
Biology: Life on Earth
Biology: Life on Earth

... The lactose operon consists of a regulatory gene, a promoter, an operator, and three structural genes that code for enzymes Involved in lactose metabolism. The regulatory gene codes for a protein, called a repressor, which can bind to the operator site ...
Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes
Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

... Important Enzyme Terms Substrate: Reactant(s) an enzyme is acting on ex. what is the substrate sucrase acts on? Active Site: The location on the enzyme where the substrate binds Enzyme-Substrate Complex: An enzyme with its substrate attached to the active site ...
Lipids 44:
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... of neuron tissues such as brain and retina cells and an important component of the human diet. ARA is a primary substrate for the biosynthesis of eicosanoids, including the 2-group prostaglandins, 4-group leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and lipoxins that serve as biological effectors involved in inflamm ...
Alpha oxidation
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... oxidised to CO2 and hence as a general rule. Fatty acid can not be used for gluconeogenesis. • However, propionate is entering into the citric acid cycle at a point after CO2 elimination steps, so propionate can be channeled to gluconeogenesis. • Thus 3-carbon units from odd chain fatty acids are gl ...
03-232 Biochemistry
03-232 Biochemistry

... b. Indirect coupling is achieved by lowering the concentration of the product ( 1 pt) below its equilibrium concentration (3 pts), thus favoring the forward reaction (1 pt). This occurs when a reaction later in the pathway has a large negative ΔG. (3 pts) (2 pts for example) For example, by keeping ...
Influence of hepatic ammonia removal on ureagenesis, amino acid
Influence of hepatic ammonia removal on ureagenesis, amino acid

... The mass transfers of O 2, glucose, NH 3, urea and amino acids across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and the liver were quantified, by arterio–venous techniques, during the last 4 h of a 100 h infusion of 0 (basal), 150 or 400 mmol NH 4HCO 3/min into the mesenteric vein of three sheep given 800 g ...
Seminar_3 - Great Lakes Genomics Center
Seminar_3 - Great Lakes Genomics Center

... In our case the sequence of the conserved hypothetical protein showed homologies the a PQQdependent ethanol dehydrogenase with known 3D structure from Comamonas testosteroni ...
12918_2009_420_moesm5_esm - Springer Static Content Server
12918_2009_420_moesm5_esm - Springer Static Content Server

... defined to be 1 g dry cell weight, along with an ATP maintenance cost. To calculate the molar composition of biomass, we followed well established procedures. Where possible, data specific to C. thermocellum was used, but where necessary we used information specific for the gram positive microorgani ...
LOCATION: CYTOPLASM
LOCATION: CYTOPLASM

... ENERGY CONSERVATION: substrate level phosphorylation 1. glyceraldehyde 3 P dehydrogenase I. oxidation of CHO  COO II. phosphorylation of COO energy of oxidation stored in thioester and used to drive phosphorylation reaction see overhead NOTE: arsenate replacec phosphate in G3P dehydogenase but then ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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