• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Microbial Production of Organic Acids
Microbial Production of Organic Acids

22 CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Aims of the course
22 CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Aims of the course

... Aims of the course: Students should become familiar with the basic principles of modern organic chemistry and understand their value in the function and reactivity of biomolecules as well as their interaction with small molecules. To this end, the chemistry and properties of the basic classes of org ...
Bioenergetics and Metabolism
Bioenergetics and Metabolism

... Actual change in free energy (G) for each of these two reactions is very close to zero, and therefore both reactions are in fact reversible inside the cell. This is important for controlling flux through glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. ...
vaccine. ppt - Institute of Microbial Technology
vaccine. ppt - Institute of Microbial Technology

... 4: Structure Based MHC binders prediction Based on the known structure of MHC molecules and peptide, these methods evaluates the compatibility of different peptides to fit into the binding groove of distinct MHC molecule. The MHC ligands are chosen by threading the peptide in the binding groove of ...
Egg Protein in Sports Nutrition
Egg Protein in Sports Nutrition

... for better protein anabolism, providing between 4 to 9 times more protein synthesis than with free amino acids or a fast absorbing protein such as whey protein alone.2 This can be an optimal approach for allowing lean muscle growth. Slowly absorbed amino acids, such as those in egg protein promote l ...
Structure and expression of the PHO80 gene of Saccharomyces
Structure and expression of the PHO80 gene of Saccharomyces

... sequences was determined (see Figure 2). The coding sequences encode a protein of 293 amino acids and we find 3 base pair differences from the sequence published by Tohe and Slumanchi (13 ). These differences are located at the following residues: -94, our sequence lacks an additional G residue; +69 ...
Chapter 3
Chapter 3

Nucleotide Sequence of the Gene Coding for the
Nucleotide Sequence of the Gene Coding for the

... stronglyconserved, are these conservedregionsassociated with specific functions, such as ATP binding, formation of the Nitrogenase, a highly conserved enzyme complex, is prob- Fe-S cluster, Fe-Mo cofactor binding, etc? 3) Are there signifably responsible for all biological nitrogen assimilation from ...
Slides - Pages
Slides - Pages

...  Hexoses play a key role in many cellular pathways ...
lH NMR characterization of two crambin species
lH NMR characterization of two crambin species

... tyrosine is Tyr-29 [9] and this is now confirmed by a full sequential assignment of the crambin ‘H resonances, which will be reported elsewhere. From the spectra of the fractions I and II shown in fig.2B and C, respectively, it is now clear which lines belong to the Pro/Leu and which to the Ser/Ile ...
Introduction - Bulgarian Chemical Communications
Introduction - Bulgarian Chemical Communications

... Two neglected points deviated negatively by 0.5 1:5 HCl solutions lead to some hydrolysis genelog units; the deviations could be traced specifically rating the parent amino acid. The appreciable reverto an axial methyl in position 5 of the tetrahedral sibility of the cyclization reactions also compl ...
chromatography
chromatography

... unknown amino acids is seen to contain four different amino acids Of these four amino acids, two can be positively identified The mixture contains four amino acids; two unknown together with arginine & leucine ...
COS 551: Introduction to Computational Molecular Biology Lecturer: Mona Singh
COS 551: Introduction to Computational Molecular Biology Lecturer: Mona Singh

... • Map each word into a number (<204)indexed by 4-tuple protein sequence • Then each word’s entry in the table points to “hits” in the database • Note: only a subset of 204 words actually occurs. Therefore use hashing to build a smaller table. 3) BLAST then extends hits in both directions (building u ...
R - MyCourses
R - MyCourses

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

... Carbon atoms have unique bonding properties. • Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms. • Carbon-based molecules have three general types of structures. – straight chain – branched chain – ring ...
Lec 1-10 Problem Set Answers
Lec 1-10 Problem Set Answers

... They get different Vmax in each experiment, but the same kcat. Why? ...
enzymes - Yengage
enzymes - Yengage

... Catalytic sites of enzymes contain sites for binding cofactors or coenzymes exists d/t tertiary structure of protein loss of native enzyme structure derangement of active site loss of function ...
Motif recognition - www.bioinf.org.uk
Motif recognition - www.bioinf.org.uk

... •Z-score: one needs to estimate an average score and a standard deviation as a function of sequence length. Then, one uses the number of standard deviations each sequence is away from the average as the score. •e-value (Expect value): given a database search result with alignment score S, the e-valu ...
Chapter 7
Chapter 7

... pieces are called pyruvate. This initial split releases enough energy to allow the cell to recharge 2 ATP. Glycolysis does NOT require O2; it is anaerobic. And it’s a way for a cell to get ATP fast! b. Aerobic RespirationThe remnants of glycolysis (pyruvates) and all other energy-providing nutrients ...
08_Lecture_Presentation_PC
08_Lecture_Presentation_PC

... • Chemical chaos would result if a cell’s metabolic pathways were not tightly regulated • A cell does this by switching on or off the genes that encode specific enzymes or by regulating the activity of enzymes © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Chapter 8 Enzymes: basic concepts and kinetics
Chapter 8 Enzymes: basic concepts and kinetics

... hormones coordinate metabolic relations between different tissues often via reversible covalent modification of key enzymes ...
muscle energetics types of skeletal muscle
muscle energetics types of skeletal muscle

... Glycogen stored in muscles is broken down to glucose, which is oxidized to generate ATP. ...
What is a Fingerprint?
What is a Fingerprint?

... • Readily visible to the naked eye • Usually the result of some substance coating the ridge detail and then allows the transfer transfer of ridge detail to a surface that is touched. • More common substances at a crime scene: ...
BIO 101 Worksheet Metabolism and Cellular Respiration
BIO 101 Worksheet Metabolism and Cellular Respiration

everything you need to know about protein - Bio
everything you need to know about protein - Bio

< 1 ... 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 ... 622 >

Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report