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Carbonyl group is a functional group of (Aldehyde, Ketone)
Carbonyl group is a functional group of (Aldehyde, Ketone)

... Aldehyde, Ketone, and carboxylic acids are present in different compounds of human body, here is some of them:①-Monosaccharides: Monosaccharide's are carbohydrates which can not be hydrolyzed to small molecules, contain carbons with functional aldehyde or keto group are present in nature. Aldohexose ...
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Full Text

... understanding of interactions in protein structures. Therefore, we have been interested in developing a representation for biological sequences that can incorporate structural features conferred through dependences among amino acids. We have used Bayesian networks (Neapolitan, 1990; Pearl, 1988) to ...
International Journal of Tryptophan Research Specificity of the Acute
International Journal of Tryptophan Research Specificity of the Acute

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AFLUID June 47/6 - AJP

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CHAPTER 6
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R Is for Arginine
R Is for Arginine

... concentrations may be limiting for NOS in specific subcellular locales. Moreover, the presence of endogenous competitive inhibitors of NOS (discussed below) may raise the effective intracellular arginine concentration needed for full enzyme activity. In any event, the action of NOS on l-arginine yie ...
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... even though the excreting microbe is no longer alive. If microbes have an abundance of energy-rich carbon foods, and plenty oxygen, they will rapidly oxidize toxic ammonia to harmless nitrates. These nitrates become available for plant or microbe metabolism or if in excess, decomposition to molecula ...
responses of cultured cardiac myocytes to lysosomotropic
responses of cultured cardiac myocytes to lysosomotropic

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... Slide # 15 under normal conditions, palmitic acid after several cycles of beta oxidation will give acetyl coA. The following step (normally) for FA oxidation, is the for acetyl coA to enter the citric acid cycle by oxaloacetate. Oxaloacetate is hence required as a catalyst. does the citric acid cycl ...
A Study of the Asp110–Glu112 Region of EcoRII Restriction
A Study of the Asp110–Glu112 Region of EcoRII Restriction

... Thus, 12 mutants resulting from site-directed mutagenesis have been characterized that have codon substitutions in a distinct site of the ecoRII gene. The expression of the mutant genes in E. coli cells resulted in mutant EcoRII proteins with point amino acid substitutions: Asp(110) → Lys, Asn, Thr, ...
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Practical part

... Mix and incubate at the laboratory temperature for 10 minutes. Read the optical density of the sample at 510 nm against the blank. Calculate the quantity of pyruvate (in g) according to the formula: X = D / 0.09 , where X - quantity of pyruvate in g, D - Optical density. The calculation of transam ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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