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Cis-trans peptide variations in structurally similar proteins.
Cis-trans peptide variations in structurally similar proteins.

... found to be conserved in similar structures. A different view using Protein Block based description of backbone conformation, suggests that many of the local conformational changes are highly different from the general local structural variations observed among structurally similar proteins. Changes ...
Metabolic modeling and comparative biochemistry in glyoxylate cycle
Metabolic modeling and comparative biochemistry in glyoxylate cycle

... amount, obtained from its application, was compared with the ATP amount calculated individually from the sum of acetyl-CoA, NAHD and FADH2 molecules number, and substrate level phosphorylation, generated in the oxidation of fatty acids with specific numbers of carbon atoms in glyoxysomes (Table 2). ...
Poster for RCPSC mee.. - University of Alberta
Poster for RCPSC mee.. - University of Alberta

... Protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) is a Ser/Thr phosphatase of the PPP family, which is also comprised of PP2A, PP2B (Calcineurin), PP4, PP5, PP6 and PP7. PP1 activity is regulated by many endogenous protein inhibiting/targeting subunits. A number of structurally diverse natural product toxins are also pot ...
β-Alanine and orotate as supplements for
β-Alanine and orotate as supplements for

... muscle22—is above 1 mM; although it is difficult to find studies that have measured heart β-alanine levels, the level of other free amino acids in the heart is in the low micromolar range.23 Moreover, β-alanine released by the liver or supplied from the diet should have access to cardiomyocytes, since ...
An acetate-sensitive mutant of Neurospora crassa deficient in acetyl
An acetate-sensitive mutant of Neurospora crassa deficient in acetyl

... An additional possible reason why sufficient active acetate survives transit through the cytosol is that it is stored in some energetically equivalent derivative not subject to cytosolic enzymic degradation. Two alternative protected derivatives discussed by Kohlhaw & TanWilson (1977) are citrate, t ...
William Herdman Elliott 1925–2012
William Herdman Elliott 1925–2012

The Additive Screen MD1-11
The Additive Screen MD1-11

... There are 24 unique reagents supplied in the kit. The concentrations of the reagents have been designed to allow minimum dilution of the sample drop, and are sufficiently concentrated that vapour diffusion experiments can be carried out in as little as a 2.5µl drop. All additives have to be added to ...
Trikenol plus
Trikenol plus

... The main constituents are polyphenols, flavonoids and salicylic derivatives. Polyphenols (8-20%) are represented by catechic type tannins. Flavonoids (0.2-1.5%) are characterized by the glucosides of isoquercitrin, naringin, isosalipurposide, quercetin and isorhamnetin. Salicylic derivatives (1.5-11 ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY

... The entry of acetyl CoA into the citric acid cycle depends on the availability of oxaloacetate. The concentration of oxaloacetate is lowered if carbohydrate is unavailable (starvation) or improperly utilized (diabetes). Oxaloacetate is normally formed from pyruvate by pyruvate carboxylase (anaplerot ...
basic laboratory course 3
basic laboratory course 3

... In the cell,the polypeptide chain is folded into a highly ordered shape or con­ formation. Most proteins are globular in shape and these proteins are usually soluble in water or in aqueous media containing salts. This group includes the enzymes, antibodies, and a variety of other proteins. Less freq ...
The Citric Acid Cycle
The Citric Acid Cycle

... problem: tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized without breaking a carbon–carbon bond. •To set up the next oxidation in the pathway, citrate is converted to isocitrate, a chiral secondary alcohol, which can be more readily oxidized. •This isomerization reaction, catalyzed by aconitase, involves succes ...
Electrone transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
Electrone transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

... Glucokinase activity is not directly inhibited by glucose 6-phosphate as are the other hexokinases, but rather is indirectly inhibited by fructose 6-phosphate (which is in equilibrium with glucose 6-phosphate, a product of glucokinase), and is stimulated by glucose (a substrate of glucokinase). STEP ...
Biochemical studies on a versatile esterase that is most catalytically
Biochemical studies on a versatile esterase that is most catalytically

... Because the active clone with CN1E1 actively hydrolysed naphthalene carboxylic acid methyl ester on an agar plate (Fig. 1), we further tested and quantified hydrolysis for the pure enzyme using this and other model PAH esters; the pH-indicator protocol (at 40°C and pH 8.0) used to examine hydrolysis ...
BLUEPRINT OF THE CORE TOPICS IN BIOCHEMISTRY
BLUEPRINT OF THE CORE TOPICS IN BIOCHEMISTRY

... _B__56. The process of producing DNA from a molecule of RNA: A. replication C. translation B. Reverse transcription D. conjugation _B__57. This DNA form is seen in physiologic conditions where the cell is well hydrated: A. A form B. B form C. Z form D. D form _C__58. Regions of the DNA strand that a ...
Mitsunobu Reaction
Mitsunobu Reaction

... higher than 11. Accordingly, the method developed by Tsunoda and co-workers has attracted a great deal of attention as a method to moderate the limitations of pKa, and extend the scope of the Mitsunobu reaction. ...
biochemistry - Louis Bolk Instituut
biochemistry - Louis Bolk Instituut

biochemistry - Louis Bolk Institute
biochemistry - Louis Bolk Institute

... Biochemistry is the area in the life sciences which pre-eminently offers insight into the continuous and manifold changes that occur in organisms. It shows substances to be not static but ever changing, in structure as well as function. The cell, including the cell membrane, as well as tissues and o ...
AccessMedicine | Print: Cha
AccessMedicine | Print: Cha

... diphosphates such as ATP and ADP are the principal players in the energy transductions that accompany metabolic interconversions and oxidative phosphorylation. Linked to sugars or lipids, nucleosides constitute key biosynthetic intermediates. The sugar derivatives UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose parti ...
Conservation of the metabolomic response to starvation across two divergent microbes.
Conservation of the metabolomic response to starvation across two divergent microbes.

... carbon-starved E. coli (16). The molecular basis for this decreased flux is not yet clear, but appears to exceed simple feedback inhibition by end product, because nucleotide levels decreased during nitrogen starvation of both organisms. Synthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, ...
A structural comparison of molybdenum cofactor
A structural comparison of molybdenum cofactor

... to the metal. With the exception of Rhodobacter DMSO reductase, all enzymes contain at least one additional cofactor, either a heme, a Fe^S cluster, or a £avin, which is involved in intramolecular electron transfer to or from the Mo/W center. In this contribution, the known structures of Moco-contai ...
DRUGS for DYSLIPIDEMIAS MED PHARM
DRUGS for DYSLIPIDEMIAS MED PHARM

... Act at low concentration (10-9) Block HMG-CoA binding site limiting substrate access to catalytic site Decreased cholesterol synthesis: in liver = decreased VLDL output and hence LDL production in all tissues = LDL receptor induction  increased LDL uptake Increase HDL by boosting apo A1 production ...
Study of the distribution of autotrophic CO2 fixation
Study of the distribution of autotrophic CO2 fixation

... Fig. 2. Pathways of autotrophic CO2 fixation in Crenarchaeota. (a) The 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle, as proposed for the Sulfolobales (Berg et al., 2007); (b) the dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle, as proposed for the Desulfurococcales and Thermoproteales (Huber et al., 2008; Ramo ...
Conservation of the metabolomic response to starvation across two divergent microbes.
Conservation of the metabolomic response to starvation across two divergent microbes.

... carbon-starved E. coli (16). The molecular basis for this decreased flux is not yet clear, but appears to exceed simple feedback inhibition by end product, because nucleotide levels decreased during nitrogen starvation of both organisms. Synthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, ...
Purification and Some: Characteristics of a Monomeric Racemase
Purification and Some: Characteristics of a Monomeric Racemase

Phytochemistry
Phytochemistry

... affinity chromatography using a stroma column. It is a glycoprotein (10% w/w carbohydrate) containing six N-acetylD-glucosamines, four D-galactoses, one D-glucose and traces of xylose residues for each three D-mannose residues per molecule. Its amino acid composition reveals a predominance of acidic ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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