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work № 1. colour reactions of amino acids and proteins
work № 1. colour reactions of amino acids and proteins

... Colour reactions of amino acids and proteins help to detect the presence of protein in biological fluids or to identify their amino acid composition. These reactions are used for qualitative and quantitative determination of proteins and amino acids. 1.Biuret reaction PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD. The bi ...
Biology Revised
Biology Revised

... 1 Check that the answer sheet provided is for Biology Higher (Revised) (Section A). 2 For this section of the examination you must use an HB pencil, and where necessary, an eraser. 3 Check that the answer sheet you have been given has your name, date of birth, SCN (Scottish Candidate Number) ...
unit 1: introduction to biology
unit 1: introduction to biology

... reaction called ADP ribosylation 7. The enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase transfers the high-energy phosphate group from the carboxyl group of 1,3-PGA to ADP to generate ATP in this free energy coupled chemical reaction to generate the next glycolytic intermediate molecule 3-phosphoglycerate (= 3-PGA) ...
Hydrogel-Encapsulated Fluorophore-Enzyme Conjugates for Direct
Hydrogel-Encapsulated Fluorophore-Enzyme Conjugates for Direct

... conjugated enzyme was only lightly labeled, similar to results reported by Rogers et al. for FITC labeling of OPH.11 OPH hydrolysis of paraoxon resulted in the release of protons, production of p-nitrophenol and diethyl phosphate, and a corresponding decrease in solution pH, as indicated by the chan ...
studies in the dielectric constants of fatty acids
studies in the dielectric constants of fatty acids

... Effect of Elaidinization on the Dielectric Constant.-It can be seen from Table VII that the dielectric constants of the cis- and the trans-oleic acids are practically the same. In the case of ricinoleic and ricinelaidic acids however, the trans-isomer has a slightly lower dielectric constant. In eth ...
Integration of Metabolism: Glucose Synthesis
Integration of Metabolism: Glucose Synthesis

... • Several synthesis and degradation enzymes are allosterically regulated by metabolites, so that enzyme activity is adjusted to meet current needs of the cell. • Metabolism of glycogen is tightly controlled by hormones to meet metabolic needs of entire organism. ...
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... Symptoms – hemorrhages, lassitude, weight loss, bone weakening, anemia, edema, tooth loss. Biological lesion -- impaired collagen and connective tissue synthesis due to lack of ...
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Unusual C-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA

... Structure of the C-terminal domain of the largest subunit o/C.fasciculata RNA polymerase II We have described the cloning of the gene encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II of C.fasciculata (Figures 1, 3 and 4). We show here that the C.fasciculata gene also encodes a C-terminal extension, ...
Sequence-Specific Resonance Assignments of the `H
Sequence-Specific Resonance Assignments of the `H

... of about 10-13 amino acids containing mostly basic residues. This basic domain is essential for binding to the RNA recognition sequences (TAR, for Tat response element), and the glutamine-richdomain was suggested to be important for RNA binding at least in the case of EIAV Tat (Derse et al., 1991). ...
On the origin of biochemistry at an alkaline hydrothermal vent
On the origin of biochemistry at an alkaline hydrothermal vent

... methanogenesis were the ancestral forms of energy metabolism among the first free-living eubacteria and archaebacteria, respectively, stands in the foreground. The synthesis of formyl pterins, which are essential intermediates of the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway and purine biosynthesis, is found to confro ...
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The Activity of a Developmentally Regulated Cysteine Proteinase Is

... cause of defined waterborne diarrhea worldwide (1). Infection begins with the ingestion of cysts, followed by their excystation and colonization of the small intestine by the trophozoites (2, 3). To survive outside the hosts intestine, trophozoites differentiate into infective cysts, which are excre ...
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16 E. Folic Acid 1. Chemistry coenzyme DHFA DHFA reductase

... studies should be done at steady state 200 mg. = 80% bioavailability 500 mg. = 63% bioavailability 1250 mg. = 46% bioavailabililty at > 500 mg/d all of the absorbed ascorbate was excreted in the urine conclusions: best dose is 200-500 mg/d timed release products, Ester-C (calcium ascorbate) or ester ...
BSC 2010 - Exam I Lectures and Text Pages Citric Acid Cycle • Citric
BSC 2010 - Exam I Lectures and Text Pages Citric Acid Cycle • Citric

... Used to make cheese & yogurt (bacteria and fungi) ...
Respiration 2 PPT
Respiration 2 PPT

... Used to make cheese & yogurt (bacteria and fungi) ...
Rapid enzyme assays investigating the variation in the glycolytic
Rapid enzyme assays investigating the variation in the glycolytic

... Park, CA). Enzyme activity was measured at 25°C because we are using maximal activity solely as an index of enzyme concentration. Thus it is necessary only that all enzymes be measured at the same nondenaturing temperature. At 25°C, all these enzymes have a high activity that is maintained for sever ...
Hydrocarbons and Fuels - Deans Community High School
Hydrocarbons and Fuels - Deans Community High School

... 1. Before collecting the alcohol and carboxylic acid set up a water bath using the larger beaker and heat the water until it boils. Turn off the Bunsen. 2. Add the alcohol to a test tube to a depth of about 1 cm. To this add about the same volume of carboxylic acid. If the acid is a solid then use a ...
Journal of Biotechnology
Journal of Biotechnology

... third domain shows striking homologies to ␤-ketoacyl synthetases. These fatty acid synthase domains are followed by a domain with a high homology to glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferases which contain pyridoxalphosphate (PLP) as cofactor. The fatty acid and aminotransferase domains are connecte ...
Curtovirus Infection of Chile Pepper in New Mexico
Curtovirus Infection of Chile Pepper in New Mexico

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Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Phosphatase Deficiency

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L11 Biochem alterations postharv storage - e

... In vitro studies with casein as a substrate demonstrate that that there is sufficient plasmin in milk to cause substantial proteolysis. Does not account the presence of plasmin inhibitors. Plasmin is thermostable. Plasmin and plasminogen accompany the casein micelles on the chymosin coagulation of m ...
Respiration
Respiration

... • Feedback inhibition is the most common mechanism for control • If ATP concentration begins to drop, respiration speeds up; when there is plenty of ATP, respiration slows down • Control of catabolism is based mainly on regulating the activity of enzymes at strategic points in the catabolic pathway ...
Effects of rare codon clusters on high-level expression
Effects of rare codon clusters on high-level expression

... rare) codons affect expression [11]. RAP74 was expressed using the E. coli B strain BL21(DE3) T7 polymerase system. The ml:I.NA for this protein contains 10 A G G / A G A codons out of 512, or -2% of the total. One tandem AGG occurs at codons 166 and 167. Wang et al. [11] synthesized a 375bp segment ...
Aspartic acid or Glutamic Acid Histidine
Aspartic acid or Glutamic Acid Histidine

... Wild-type Protein shown on the right: Choice B: Explain the difference in entropy (∆So) between the wild-type protein and the Phe57→Val mutant, i.e. why is the overall entropy change larger for the mutant protein. The overall entropy change is higher because the non-polar surface area of Val is smal ...
Deorphanization of GPRC6A: a promiscuous L-α
Deorphanization of GPRC6A: a promiscuous L-α

Gene Section SPP1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Gene Section SPP1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... integral part of the mineralized matrix. Probably important to cell-matrix interaction. - Acts as a cytokine involved in enhancing production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-12 and reducing production of interleukin-10 and is essential in the pathway that leads to type I immunity. - Participates ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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