• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Cloning and Characterization of Unusual Fatty Acid Desaturases
Cloning and Characterization of Unusual Fatty Acid Desaturases

... The seed oil of Anemone leveillei contains significant amounts of sciadonic acid (20:3D5,11,14; SA), an unusual non-methyleneinterrupted fatty acid with pharmaceutical potential similar to arachidonic acid. Two candidate cDNAs (AL10 and AL21) for the C20 D5cis-desaturase from developing seeds of A. ...
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates

... carbohydrate often means any food that is particularly rich in the complex carbohydrate starch (such as cereals, bread, and pasta) or simple carbohydrates, such as sugar (found in candy, jams, and desserts) ...
Lipids
Lipids

... They are rarely found at greater than trace levels in tissues, although they can exert important biological effects. Ceramides are formed as the key intermediates in the biosynthesis of all the complex sphingolipids, in which the terminal primary hydroxyl group is linked to carbohydrate, phosphate, ...
abstract
abstract

Engineering carbonic anhydrase for highly selective ester hydrolysis Gunnar Höst
Engineering carbonic anhydrase for highly selective ester hydrolysis Gunnar Höst

... The relation between protein form and function, or structure and activity, is an important topic in biochemistry, where a lot of effort is put into structure determination of proteins. Several approaches for exploring the relation between form and function exist. The absolute majority of enzyme engi ...
Unit 12 Packet
Unit 12 Packet

... oxylic acid (H2C2 O4), and ascorbic acid (H2C6H6O6). See Table 14.4 on p. 683. Polyprotic acids dissociate in stepwise fashion – one proton at a time. Each dissociation step has its own Ka value; these are usually distinguished from each other by labeling them as Ka1, Ka2, … . Thus, for oxalic acid, ...
Protein-RNA interactions: Structural analysis and functional classes
Protein-RNA interactions: Structural analysis and functional classes

... Chains with identical domains at the SCOP super-family level were clustered together, and the complex with the highest resolution was chosen to represent each cluster; NMR structures were only considered for representatives if the cluster contained no X-ray crystallographic structures. Structures th ...
Study on the degradability of poly(ester amide)s derived from the... acids glycine, and l-alanine containing a variable amide/ester ratio
Study on the degradability of poly(ester amide)s derived from the... acids glycine, and l-alanine containing a variable amide/ester ratio

... the 1,12-dodecanediamine ratio led to a decrease of the intrinsic viscosity of the random poly(ester amide)s. In the same way, alanine derivatives showed a higher viscosity than the equivalent polymers of the PDAxGHGy8 series. Both trends could be explained in terms of a decrease in polymer solubili ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism of Staphylococcus aureus
Carbohydrate Metabolism of Staphylococcus aureus

Processes for producing lactic acid using yeast transformed with a
Processes for producing lactic acid using yeast transformed with a

... Hashinaga F., Journal of General & Applied Microbiology 43(1): 3947, 1997) and acid- and lactic-tolerant (Zygosac charomyces rouxii and Zygosaccharomyces bailii; Houtsma PC, et al., Journal of Food Protection 59(12), 130(k1304, ...
The effects of free amino acids profiles on seeds germination
The effects of free amino acids profiles on seeds germination

... AAs compositional changes during various stages of germination and seedlings establishment. Amino acid analysis using HPLC detected all the essential and non-essential amino acids in the raw seeds of the studied cultivars, Automi and Khazemi along with AAs compositional changes occurred during diffe ...
Calvin Cycle
Calvin Cycle

...  Plants designated C4 have one cell type in which phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is carboxylated via the enzyme PEP Carboxylase, to yield the 4-C oxaloacetate. Oxaloacetate is converted to other 4-C intermediates that are transported to cells active in photosynthesis, where CO2 is released by decarboxyl ...
Full Text - IDOSI Publications
Full Text - IDOSI Publications

... 50% of the proteins are generally built from the remaining 15 to 18 common amino acids [4, 48]. Seventeen different amino acids may be present in pollen loads Proline, glutamic and aspartic acids, lysine and leucine are the predominant amino acids, constituting approximately 55% of total amino acids ...
Henikoff, S. and Henikoff, Jorja G. Amino Acid Substitution Matrices from Protein Blocks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 89, pp. 10915-10919, 1992.
Henikoff, S. and Henikoff, Jorja G. Amino Acid Substitution Matrices from Protein Blocks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 89, pp. 10915-10919, 1992.

... contributions to amino acid pair frequencies from the most closely related membersof a family, sequences are clustered within blocks and each cluster is weighted as a single sequence in counting pairs (13). This is done by specifying a clustering percentage in which sequence segments that are identi ...
Crystal Structures of the Oxidized and Reduced Forms of UDP
Crystal Structures of the Oxidized and Reduced Forms of UDP

... positions of several side chains including Phe 178 and Phe 218. The most striking difference between the oxidized and reduced enzymes is the conformation of the nicotinamide ring of the dinucleotide. In the reduced protein, the nicotinamide ring adopts the anti conformation while in the oxidized enz ...
Exploring the Biosynthetic Potential of Cystobacter fuscus
Exploring the Biosynthetic Potential of Cystobacter fuscus

... im letzten Jahr meiner Arbeit. Bei Katrin Jungmann und Hilda Sucipto für das Beantworten meiner vielen Fragen rund um die Molekularbiologie sowie bei Dr. Thomas Hoffmann, der mir von Anfang an immer mit Rat und Tat zur Seite stand. Außerdem bei ...
Fatty acids: Review
Fatty acids: Review

... synthesis using a biotin-mediated reaction mechanism that carboxylates acetyl CoA to form the C3 compound malonyl CoA. The activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase is regulated by both reversible phosphorylation (the active conformation is dephosphorylated) and allosteric mechanisms (citrate binding stimu ...
fermentation?
fermentation?

Glycolysis
Glycolysis

... This phosphate transfer from PEP to ADP is spontaneous.  PEP has a larger DG of phosphate hydrolysis than ATP.  Removal of Pi from PEP yields an unstable enol, which spontaneously converts to the keto form of pyruvate. Required inorganic cations K+ and Mg++ bind to anionic residues at the active s ...
Chapter Seventeen: Gene Mutations and DNA Repair
Chapter Seventeen: Gene Mutations and DNA Repair

... additions of nucleotides to DNA molecules. Strand slippage results from the formation of small loops on either the template or the newly synthesized strand. If the loop forms on the template strand, then a deletion occurs. Loops formed on the newly synthesized strand result in insertions. If, during ...
Thermal unfolding of proteins at high pH range studied by UV
Thermal unfolding of proteins at high pH range studied by UV

... The near-UV absorption spectra of NATyrA changes dramatically when the pH is raised from 7.6 to 12.9 (Fig. 1). There is an increase in the molar absorption coefficient in the 250 nm region and in the peak of maximum absorbance which shifts from 275 to 293 nm. These changes result from the ionization ...
Biochemistry2 2016 Lecture Glycogen Metabolism
Biochemistry2 2016 Lecture Glycogen Metabolism

... in the T the state the enzyme active site is buried, hence the low affinity for the substrate, in the R state the enzyme has an accessible catalytic site and high affinity phosphate binding site. AMP promotes T(inactive) R(active) conformational shift. ATP binds to the allosteric effector site in t ...
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) e-ISSN: 2278-5736.
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) e-ISSN: 2278-5736.

... subctances including glutathione (GSH),GSH s-conjugates and leukotriene C (Elce and Broxmeyer,1976; Curthoys and Hughey,1979;Wickham,West, et al,2011). Elevation of serum ɣ-glutamyltransferase(GGT) activity is frequently interpreted as an index of hepatobiliary dysfunction and as a nonspecific marke ...
Metabolic effects of glutamine on insulin sensitivity
Metabolic effects of glutamine on insulin sensitivity

... (15). Fatty acids produced from Gln are incorporated into triacylglycerol in incubated adipocytes (7). Gln plays an important role in cell proliferation activating nucleotide synthesis (16), and it increases contractile protein synthesis and, in particular, extracellular matrix proteins (17). The di ...
PDF - Biology Direct
PDF - Biology Direct

... code. Organisms that share the same code can also share transferred genes. Therefore there is an advantage to using common codes. It could be true that horizontal transfer was frequent at the time of the origin of the code and, if so, this could help to explain why a universal code spread through al ...
< 1 ... 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 ... 622 >

Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report